TOPIC 3: BONDING AND STRUCTURE

1 Covalent bonding is between:

A a shared pair of electrons

B induced dipoles
C two nuclei and bonding pairs of electrons
D metal ions and delocalised electrons

Your answer

(1)
(Total for Question 1 = 1 mark)

2 The table shows the electronegativity values of some non-metal elements.

Element hydrogen carbon fluorine chlorine bromine iodine

Electronegativity 2.1 2.5 4.0 3.0 2.8 2.5

(a) Which compound will have the greatest polar character?

A HF
B CCl4
C H2
D HI

Your answer

(1)

(b) Which of the following statements about H–F and H–Br bonds is correct?
A The H–F bond is stronger and longer than the H–Br bond.
B The H–F bond is weaker and longer than the H–Br bond.
C The H–F bond is weaker and shorter than the H–Br bond.
D The H–F bond is stronger and shorter than the H–Br bond.

Your answer

(1)
(Total for Question 2 = 2 marks)

© Pearson Education Ltd 2018. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free.
3 Complete the table showing four different substances.
(4)

Substance Formula Structure Solubility

ammonia NH3
graphite C
potassium KCl
chloride
calcium Ca

(Total for Question 3 = 4 marks)

4 Describe the bonding present in solid magnesium.

(3)

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................
(Total for Question 4 = 3 marks)

5 The ammonium ion forms by the transfer of a hydrogen ion to an ammonia

molecule:
+
NH3 + H+ → NH 4

(a) Name the type of bond formed and explain how it is formed.
(3)

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

+
(b) Name the shape of the ammonium ion, NH 4 , and predict the H–N–H bond
angle.
(2)

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................
(Total for Question 5 = 5 marks)

© Pearson Education Ltd 2018. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free.
6 Trichloromethane, CHCl3, and tetrachloromethane, CCl4, are liquid solvents.
Both are toxic but trichloromethane (also called chloroform) was used in the
past as an anaesthetic.
(a) Tetrachloromethane can be manufactured by reacting trichloromethane with
chlorine. Write a balanced equation for this reaction.
(1)

..................................................................................................................................................

(b) Explain why trichloromethane is a polar molecule but tetrachloromethane is not.

(1)

..................................................................................................................................................

(c) Describe how you might carry out an experiment to test whether each liquid
is polar.
(3)

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

(Total for Question 6 = 5 marks)

TOTAL FOR ASSESSMENT = 20 MARKS

© Pearson Education Ltd 2018. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free.