FIRST ORDER DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

Exercise 1

1 Determine the order and degree for each equation.

3
dy d3y d 2 y  dy 
(a) e x  xy 2  0 (b) 2 2    0
dx dx 3
dx  dx 

2 Show that y ( x)  Ae  x  Be 3 x , with A and B constants, is the solution of differential

equation y   2 y   3 y  0. Then, find A and B, given the initial condition y(0) = 0
and y (0)  4 .

B
3 If y  Ax 2 
x
d2y
(a) Show that x 2  2y
dx 2
dy
(b) Find the value of A and B if y = 2 and  4 when x = 1.
dx

In question 4 – 10, solve the given ODE.

4 1  x  dy
3
dx
x 2
y

dy
5 y2 x0
dx
x  dy 
6    x 1
y  dx 
7 dy  4 xy 3 dx
dy 3
8 ( x  5)  x 2  0 ; y (0)  0
dx
dy
9  yx 2  0, given x  0 if y  1
dx
dy x  xy 2
10  ; y (1)  0
dx 4y

Exercise 2

Determine whether each ODE is homogeneous equation or not for questions 1 – 5.

 dy
1 2 xy  y2  x2  0
dx
dy
2 x  3 y  4x
dx
dy
3 2 xy  3y 2  x2
dx
dy
4 x  2x  2 y
dx
dy
5 x2  y 2  5 xy  4 x 2
dx

Solve the differential equations for questions 6 – 11.

dy 2 x  y dy x  y
6  7 
dx x dx x  y
dy dy
8 x2  x 2  xy  y 2 9 x 2  y 2  2 xy 0
dx dx
dy dy
10 xy  2 y 2  4x 2 11 x 2  y 2  xy 0
dx dx

Exercise 3

Solve the following differential equations.

dy dy
1 x  x y 2 x  2 y  3x
dx dx
dy dy
3  2 xy  x 4  y  ex
dx dx
dy dy
5 x  y  ex 6 x  y  2 x , y ( 0)  1
dx dx
dy y y 2
dy 8   , y ( 0)  1
7 x  y  2x dx x x 2
dx
dy 1 dI
9 x2  2 xy  , y (0)  1 10  I  e  2 t , I ( 0)  5
dx x dt
dy dy
11 x  y  x 2 , y (0)  2 12  x 3 y  4 x 3 , y (0)  6
dx dx

Exercise 4

1 The population of a certain community increase at a rate proportional to the number of

people present. The population has doubled in 5 years.
 (a) How long will it take to triple the number of population?
(b) What was the initial population if it is 10,000 after 3 years?

2 A body needs 10 minutes to cool off from 100  C to 60  C. The room temperature is
20 0 C. How long will it take to cool off to 25  C?

Exercise 5

Determine each of the following equation is exact or not. If it is, then solve it.

1 ( 2 x  4) dx  (3 y  1) dy  0

2 (5 x  4 y ) dx  ( 4 x  8 y 3 ) dy  0

3 ( 2 y 2 x  3) dx  ( 2 yx 2  4) dy  0

4 (e 2 y  y cos xy ) dx  ( 2 xe 2 y  x cos xy  2 y ) dy  0

5 (6 x 2  10 xy  3 y 2 ) dx  ( 5 x 2  6 xy  3 y 2 ) dy  0

Revision Exercise

Q1 Solve the followings by direct integration.

dy
(a)  3x 2  6 x  5
dx
dy
(b) x  5x 3  4
dx
dy
(c) ex  4 , given y = 3 when x = 0.
dx

Q2 Show that y  Ae x  ( x  2)e 2 x is the solution for

dy
 y  (3  x)e 2 x .
dx
Q3 Write the order and degree for each equation below.
 dy 
  y  x
2
(a)
dx
 
2
 dy   d y 
2

(b) x 2     2   0
 dx   dx 
3
d2y  dy  2
(c)    1 
2  
 dx   dx 
Q4 Solve.
dy 2x dy 1  y
(a)  (b) 
dx y 1 dx 2  x
dy dy
(c) x( y  3)  4y (d) e x y x
dx dx
dy dy dy
(e) 2x  xy  2 y (f) y cos 2 x  2  tan x
dx dx dx
dy dy
(g)  3 y  4e 4 x (h) x  5y  x7
dx dx
dy dy 
(i) yx (j)  ( 2 tan x) y  sin x with y ( )  0
dx dx 3
d dI
(k) r   2 1 (l)  5 I  10 ; I (0)  0
dr dt
dy dy y
(m) (3  y )  2 x  0 ; y ( 0)  1 (n) 
dx dx x ln x
dy dy
(o)  sec y ; y (0)  0 (p) 3x( y 2  1)  y ( x 2  2)
dx dx
dy 2 xy  3 y 2
(q)
dx
 2
x  2 xy
(r) x 2

 y 2 dy  ( xy )dx

(s) x
dy
dx
 2 y  3x (t) x 2
 y2  dy
dx
 xy

dy yx dy y y2
(u)  ; y (1)  1 (v)   2 ; y (1)  1
dx yx dx x x

dy dy
(w) ( x 3  y 3 )  xy 2 0 (x) 3 xy 2  4 y3  x3
dx dx