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| UNIDAD N°1
Año: 2020
Chemical element
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
hydrogen
barium uranium
copper
A chemical element is a species of atom having the same number of protons in their atomic nuclei. For
example, the atomic number of oxygen is 8, so the element oxygen consists of all atoms which have
exactly 8 protons.
118 elements have been identified, of which the first 94 occur naturally on Earth with the remaining 24
being synthetic elements. There are 80 elements that have at least one stable isotope and 38 that have
exclusively radionuclides, which decay over time into other elements. Iron is the most abundant
element (by mass) making up Earth, while oxygen is the most common element in the Earth's crust.
The term "element" is used for atoms with a given number of protons as well as for a pure chemical
substance consisting of a single element (e.g. hydrogen gas). A single element can form multiple
substances differing in their structure; they are called allotropes of the element.
Atomic number
The atomic number of an element is equal to the number of protons in each atom, and defines the
element. For example, all carbon atoms contain 6 protons in their atomic nucleus; so the atomic
number of carbon is 6. Carbon atoms may have different numbers of neutrons; atoms of the same
element having different numbers of neutrons are known as isotopes of the element.
The number of protons in the atomic nucleus also determines its electric charge, which in turn
determines the number of electrons of the atom in its non-ionized state. The number of neutrons in a
nucleus usually has very little effect on an element's chemical properties. Thus, all carbon isotopes
have nearly identical chemical properties because they all have six protons and six electrons, even
though carbon atoms may, for example, have 6 or 8 neutrons. That is why the atomic number, rather
than mass number or atomic weight, is considered the identifying characteristic of a chemical element.
PRACTICA Nº 3
1) Observe el texto e indique:
Nos habla sobre los elementos químicos sus características físicas y químicas,
características más importantes de los elementos químicos más comunes, nos habla
también de la importancia del número atómico y lo que significa.
remaining
7) Responda:
a) Qué es un elemento químico?
Una especie de átomo que tiene el mismo número de protones en sus núcleos
atómicos.
b) A qué es igual el número atómico?
Es igual al número de protones en cada átomo y define el elemento
El número de neutrones en un núcleo usualmente tiene muy poco efecto en las propiedades
químicas de un elemento.