CONDITONALS / WISH (UNIT 4)

1 Choose the correct answer.

1. Jack will consider selling his car if you offer / offered / will offer him a good price.
2. If it hadn’t rained, we would have gone / had gone / went jogging in the park.
3. If you see John, will tell / told / tell him to call me.
4. I won’t bother / wouldn’t bother / didn’t bother her if I were you.
5. Mother will agree to give us the car as long as we paid / will pay / pay for the petrol.
6. If you found €100 in the street, what did you do / would you do / will you do?

2 Match A to B to form sentences.

A B
1. As soon as the meal is ready, a. if we ask her to.
2. If she had more time,  b. we will eat.
3. If the shop assistant hadn’t shown me this shirt, c. if he hadn’t stayed up late.
4. The bus driver will stop at the corner d. I wouldn’t have bought it.
5. He wouldn’t have fallen asleep at school e. she would finish the painting.
6. My brother wishes f. if he had enough money for lessons.
7.Ethan would learn how to drive a car
g. his favourite team hadn’t lost the game.

3 Choose the correct continuation.

1. We would have left our umbrellas at home … .
a. if we hear the weather forecast
b. if we had heard the weather forecast
2. We must leave now … .
a. unless there’s a later bus
b. unless there was a later bus
3. The house won’t be so warm … .
a. if you turn on the air conditioning
b. if you had turned on the air conditioning
4. The office worker would file the papers … .
a. if he has the time
b. if he had the time

4 Write sentences with the words below according to the form in brackets.
1. they / see / their friends / if they / visit / London (third conditional)
...................................................................................................................................
2. Luke / lend / you / some money / if / you / ask (first conditional)
...................................................................................................................................
3. if I / be / you / I / never believe / her stories (second conditional)
...................................................................................................................................
4. Father / drive / the children / to school / before / he / go / to work (time clause)
...................................................................................................................................

5 Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets.

1. The customers wish the shop ……………………………… (stay) open later in the evening.
2. If you had watered the garden, the grass ……………………………… (not turn) brown.
3. No one will see your new dress if you ……………………………… (not remove) your coat.
4. ……………………………… the hotel room ……………………………… (be) ready if we
arrive early?
5. If the dog ………………………… (not bark) at the burglar, Tony wouldn’t have woken up.
6. I wish you ……………………………… (not cancel) the picnic last weekend.
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 7. The school ……………………………… (not allow) students to go on the trip unless their
parents agree.
8. If I were a good runner, I ……………………………… (participate) in the marathon.

6 Choose the correct answer.

It’s the end of the school year and Natalie doesn’t know what to do. If she 1. worked /
works / had worked during the summer holiday, she 2. would have saved / would save /
will save a lot of money. However, she volunteered at the hospital all year and if she 3.
doesn’t continue / didn’t continue / hadn’t continued, she 4. would miss / will miss /
would have missed helping the patients. She wishes she 5. could do / is doing / will be
able to do both, but she can’t. If I 6. had been / am / were Natalie, I 7. will take / would have
taken / would take a summer job. She can always volunteer in September.

7 Choose the sentence that is closer in meaning to the original sentence.

1. They would have taken the motorway if it had been the shorter route.
a. The motorway was the best route.
b. The motorway was the longer way.
2. I wish you weren’t leaving.
a. I want you to stay.
b. I wanted you to leave an hour ago.
3. This plant can’t grow unless it has bright light.
a. This plant needs to be in the sun.
b. You should keep this plant away from the sun.
4. If I were you, I would be happy about the news.
a. The news is good.
b. The news is disappointing.
5. I wish she hadn’t talked about my private life.
a. My life is still private.
b. Everyone knows about my private life.

8 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
1. Hurry up. There ……………………………… (be) less traffic if we
……………………………… (leave) now.
2. He never ……………………………… (choose) to study medicine if he
……………………………… (not meet) Dr Johnson last year.
3. Your interview ……………………………… (start) after the manager
……………………………… (finish) his lunch break.
4. If I ……………………………… (not have) breakfast now, I ………………………………
(not concentrate) in class.
5. If you ……………………………… (want) to join us tonight, you ………………………………
(meet) us at the cinema.
6. Joe has never tasted sushi, but if he ……………………………… (do),
……………………………… he ……………………………… (like) it?

9 Read the situations. Then write conditional or wish clauses using the words given.
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 1. The new laptops are too expensive for me.
if / I / have / the money / I / upgrade / my laptop
...................................................................................................................................
2. Sarah fell down the stairs.
if / she / not / rush / she / not break / her leg
...................................................................................................................................
3. I’m really sorry, but I’m too busy to go to a film.
I / wish / I / join / you / tonight
...................................................................................................................................

10 Rewrite the sentences. Do not change the original meaning of the sentences.
1. I’m sorry I never apologised to Sally.
I wish ...................................................................................................................... .
2. I’ll call you when I get the results.
As soon as .............................................................................................................. .
3. We will travel abroad if we save enough money.
Unless .................................................................................................................... .
4. I couldn’t call you because I didn’t have your number.
If ............................................................................................................................. .
5. It’s too bad you can’t join us.
If only ...................................................................................................................... .

11 Complete the passages with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
A. Emma went to study at a university in another part of the country. She wishes she
1.
…………………… (choose) to study at the local university because she’s homesick.
I think she 2. …………………… (feel) differently when she 3. …………………… (make)
some friends. If I 4. …………………… (be) her, I 5. …………………… (participate) in the
social activities on the campus.
B. There was no dessert at dinner because Tom forgot to buy eggs. If he 6. ……………………
(buy)
the eggs, Mum 7. …………………… (bake) a cake. Tomorrow, Dad 8. ……………………
(pick up) eggs at the supermarket after he 9. …………………… (finish) work. I wish he
10.
…………………… (buy) some chocolate ice cream, too.

12 Complete the sentences with a logical ending.

1. If Max hadn’t shown me what to do, ...................................................................... .
2. The little girl won’t stop crying unless .................................................................... .
3. I would be upset if .................................................................................................. .
4. If the company offers him a job, ............................................................................. .
5. If you exercised more often, ................................................................................... .
6. I didn’t know they were in hospital. If only someone ...............................................
................................................................................................................................. .

RELATIVES (UNIT 5)

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1 Add a relative pronoun and match A to B to form sentences. There may be more than one
possible answer.

A B
1. George can’t remember the name of the shop.. a. I work the best.
2. I prefer wearing shoes …… b. he bought his jacket.
3. We have to warn all the employees … c. use the lift that it’s not working.
4. The reporter wants to interview the student … d. are made of real leather.
5. Morning is the time …… e. project won first prize.
6. My sister succeeded in a computer course …….f. most people found hard to understand

2 Combine the sentences using the relative pronouns in brackets. Add a comma when needed.
1. Many teenagers look for jobs in hotels. They can work there during the summer. (where)
...................................................................................................................................
2. Bus number 27 is always crowded. It travels all over the city. (which)
...................................................................................................................................
3. The film is about a doctor. He saves many children’s lives in India. (who)
...................................................................................................................................
4. The high-tech company is looking for engineers. Their references are good. (whose)
...................................................................................................................................
5. The best-selling author is signing books at the shop today. She is very well known. (who)
...................................................................................................................................
6. She tries to forget the day. She was fired that day. (when)
...................................................................................................................................

3 Complete the passage with suitable relative pronouns. There may be more than one possible
answer.
Jack: Where are my jeans?
Andy: You mean the jeans 1. …………………… you wore last night?
Jack: Yes, the ones 2. …………………… pockets have zips. Here’s the chair 3. ………………
I always put them, but they’re missing.
Andy: I think those are the jeans 4. …………………… Mum is washing now.
Jack: Oh, no! There’s a note 5. …………………… I left in the pocket. It has the phone
number ofa girl 6. …………………… is selling her racing bike. It’s a bike 7. ……………
ordinary price is double what she’s asking. It’s just the bike 8. ……………………
I’ve wanted to buy for a long time.
Andy: Maybe Mum hasn’t started the washing machine. Hurry up and check!

4 Rewrite the sentences using the formal structure.

1. I got a letter about the position which I applied for.
...................................................................................................................................
2. The old man who she is talking to is a millionaire.
...................................................................................................................................
3. The Internet company which they ordered the computer from went out of business.
...................................................................................................................................
4. The speaker who we are listening to knows how to interest an audience.
...................................................................................................................................

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5 Complete the sentences.
1. July and August are months when ...........................................................................
................................................................................................................................. .
2. Jennifer fell in love with a boy who ..........................................................................
................................................................................................................................. .
3. Coffee is a drink which .............................................................................................
................................................................................................................................. .
4. The story is about a family whose ............................................................................
................................................................................................................................. .
5. I usually choose to study in a place where ..............................................................
................................................................................................................................. .

6 Write sentences with relative clauses using the words below. Make any necessary changes.
1. latest / the / people / fashion / clothes / always / envy / I / are / .
...................................................................................................................................
2. last year / in a fire / was destroyed / the hotel / stayed / we / .
...................................................................................................................................
3. punctual / usually / late / Sam / to work / has started / is / coming / .
...................................................................................................................................
4. the book / to read / has / this / I want / shop / .
...................................................................................................................................
5. the time / it / you / remember / here / snowed / ?
...................................................................................................................................

7 Combine the sentences using a relative pronoun. Make any necessary changes.
1. The football players train every afternoon. They have a big match next week.
...................................................................................................................................
2. The Empire State Building is in New York City. It’s a very tall building.
...................................................................................................................................
3. The virus came from Jerry’s e-mail. I discovered it on my computer.
...................................................................................................................................
4. The racing car driver escaped without any injuries. His car crashed into a wall.
...................................................................................................................................
5. Susan left her laptop on the park bench. She had been sitting there.
...................................................................................................................................
6. The shop assistant folded the clothes. The customer had tried them on.
...................................................................................................................................
7. Our neighbours are selling their house. They have lived next to us for 20 years.
...................................................................................................................................
8. I learned how to surf last summer. I was in Hawaii then.
...................................................................................................................................

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8 Combine the sentences using the formal structure.
1. The people are friendly. I work with them.
...................................................................................................................................
2. This building is very old. You are looking at it.
...................................................................................................................................
3. The test will be challenging. We are studying hard for it.
...................................................................................................................................
4. The boy was very upset. The teacher was shouting at him.
...................................................................................................................................

9 Complete the passage with suitable relative pronouns. There may be more than one possible
answer.
Most people don’t remember the time 1. …………………… we didn’t have mobile phones or
computers. It’s hard to imagine that people 2. …………………… wanted to get in touch had to
call from home or from a public phone. Today, there are few public places 3.
…………………… you can find a public phone and nowadays, there are even families 4.
…………………… children call them on their mobile phones when they’re all at home! This
happened to my friend Max. He has two daughters
5.
…………………… speak for hours on their phones. He got a phone call late at night while
he was in the living room. His youngest daughter, 6. …………………… was in her room,
called him on her phone. She suddenly felt so ill that she couldn’t get out of bed. Max and his
wife rushed to the bedroom 7. …………………… she was and checked her temperature, 8.
…………………… was 41◦C! They immediately called their doctor, 9. ……………………
advised them to take her to hospital. They drove to Mercy Hospital, 10. …………………… was
the closest hospital to their home. Max says he will never complain again about the high bills
11.
…………………… his daughters run up on their phones.

MODALS (UNIT 6)

1 Complete the sentences with the modals below.

couldn’t • shouldn’t • may • can • must • mustn’t
1. You …………………… drive over the speed limit.
2. …………………… I please use the car today?
3. We’re stuck in traffic so we …………………… be late.
4. There’s very little petrol in the car, so you …………………… fill up on the way home.
5. We …………………… hear the announcement because there was so much noise.
6. You …………………… worry. He’s a careful driver.

2 Complete the dialogues with the correct form of the verbs in brackets and the modal perfects
below.
needn’t have • could have • should have • must have
1. A: Did Matt bring his laptop to work today?
B: I didn’t see it on his desk. He …………………… (leave) it at home.
2. A: I brought you some flowers for your birthday.
B: Thank you! You …………………… (make) such an effort.
3. A: Bob called and said he had missed the train.
B: He …………………… (get) to the station earlier.
4. A: Amy knows French so well. Why didn’t you study for the test with her?
B: I …………………… (ask) her for help, but I don’t like her!

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3 Choose the sentence that is closer in meaning to the original sentence.
1. She should have gone to sleep early.
a. She went to sleep late.
b. It was a mistake to go to sleep so early.
2. They might cancel their trip to Paris.
a. They aren’t sure if they are going to Paris.
b. They’ve already decided not to go to Paris.
3. You needn’t have paid for dinner.
a. You don’t need to pay for dinner.
b. It wasn’t necessary to pay for dinner.
4. It must have rained.
a. We thought it would rain, but it didn’t.
b. The ground is wet because of the rain.
5. Bill couldn’t have known about the accident.
a. Bill was in an accident.
b. It isn’t possible that Bill knew about the accident.

4 Rewrite the sentences using the words in brackets.

1. There’s a possibility that my cousin is going to visit me next Sunday. (might)
...................................................................................................................................
2. Walking on the grass is not allowed. (mustn’t)
...................................................................................................................................
3. John has the ability to be an excellent football player, but he doesn’t like the game. (could
have)
...................................................................................................................................
4. It wasn’t nice that you didn’t call me on my birthday. (ought to)
...................................................................................................................................
5. Everyone expected the president to arrive on time, but he was late. (should have)
...................................................................................................................................
6. Claire doesn’t have to return the car today. (needn’t)
...................................................................................................................................
7. Holly doesn’t know how to drive. (can’t)
...................................................................................................................................

5 Complete the passage with a suitable modal or modal perfect and the correct form of the verbs
in brackets.
For ten days last August, a queue of cars 95 kilometres long stood still on a motorway
outside Beijing in what 1. ……………………… (must / be) the worst traffic jam in history. “I’ve
been waiting here for days,” said one lorry driver. “How 2. ………………………… I
……………………………… (can / make) a living this way?” This 3. ……………………………
(may / be) an extreme example, but it’s not that unusual. People in Beijing 4.
………………………………… (have to / deal) with the worst traffic jams on the planet.
Drivers complain that the government 5. ……………………………… (should / build) more
roads a long time ago. The government, however, 6. ……………………………… (not able to /
keep up) with the growing number of vehicles bought every year by newly wealthy citizens.
Without China’s recent economic boom, people 7. ……………………………… (might / stay)
on their bicycles and Beijing 8. ……………………………… (could / be) free of congestion. So
traffic jams, though annoying, are a sign that the Chinese are getting richer.

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6 Complete the sentences with a suitable modal. There may be more than one possible answer.
1. I …………………… eat that biscuit. I’m allergic to nuts.
2. Although she bought a ticket, she …………………… come to the concert. She’ll let us
know soon.
3. You …………………… bring anything. All the food has already been prepared.
4. You …………………… wear a jacket. It’s cold outside.
5. Hurry up! We …………………… leave now.
6. He …………………… be in the building. His mobile phone is still on his desk.
7. That …………………… be true. It doesn’t make sense.
8. Last year, we …………………… buy a car because we didn’t have enough money.

7 Complete the sentences with a suitable modal or modal perfect, affirmative or negative, and the
correct form of the verbs in brackets. There may be more than one correct answer.
1. Pam is crying. She ……………………………… (hear) bad news.
2. It ……………………………… (rain) today, so take an umbrella with you to school.
3. Why did Julia throw away her old clothes? She ……………………………… (give) them to
a charity.
4. I ……………………………… (take) the car, but it was such a nice day, I decided to walk.
5. We understand. You ……………………………… (explain).

8 Rewrite the sentences using the correct form of the words in brackets. Do not change the
original meaning of the sentences.
1. There’s no need to make reservations. (have to)
...................................................................................................................................
2. I’m sure he forgot about our meeting. (must)
...................................................................................................................................
3. There’s a possibility of rain tonight. (might)
...................................................................................................................................
4. Brian knows how to perform amazing magic tricks. (can)
...................................................................................................................................
5. It’s necessary that everyone participate. (must)
...................................................................................................................................
6. Is it possible to use your phone? (could)
...................................................................................................................................

9 Complete the mini-dialogues with a suitable modal and the verbs in brackets.
1. A: When is the next bus?
B: It usually arrives every ten minutes, but it 1. ……………………………… (not come) on
time because of the morning traffic jams.
A: I 2. ……………………………… (take) my car. I 3. ……………………………… (not be)
late for work this morning because I have a meeting with a client.
B: I’m sure he’ll understand. He 4. ……………………………… (be) stuck in traffic, too.
You 5. ……………………………… (not worry).

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 2. A: I saw an interesting documentary about the monsoons in Bangladesh on television. DO
you know that over 170 centimetres of rain 6. ……………………………… (fall) between
June and September next year?
B: Wow! There 7. ……………………………… (be) a lot of flooding when that happens.
A: Yes, many people 8. ……………………… (leave) their homes and find shelter in public
buildings. They 9. ……………………………… (not return) to their homes for days.
B: It 10. ……………………………… (be) difficult for the government to deal with disasters
like this.
A: You’re right. But there are many international organisations that help.
B: I think we 11. ……………………………… (consider) donating some money to one of
these organisations.
A: That’s a good idea!

10 Complete the sentences using a suitable modal or modal perfect. Do not change the original
meaning of the sentences.
1. It’s not a good idea for Sue to exercise so soon after her accident.
Sue ......................................................................................................................... .
2. I’m sure I’ve met you before.
I .............................................................................................................................. .
3. It’s possible the train has been delayed.
The train ................................................................................................................. .
4. Texting while driving is prohibited.
You ......................................................................................................................... .
5. We decided to stay in instead of eating out.
We .......................................................................................................................... .