Studio production
Famous Artists Course
Fomous Artists Schools, Inc, Westpert, Connecticut
Lesson
Albert Dorne.
Fred Ludekens
Norman Rockwell
AlParker
Ben Stahl
Stevan Dohanos
Jon Whitcomb
Robert Fawcett
Peter Helck
George Giusti
Austin Briggs
Harold Von SchmidtStudio production
Av a commercial ari, you are jiged on the quality of our
‘work, However, yr original work i seen by relatively fee peo
ple she ay be sexta Uy millions ate it sprinted. I other
Irons your work is mone widely judged after Tes reproduce —
Andie not wally "hnishe™ nil esi print, To achieve the
tent printed feels you need thorough tindertanuling of the
aroun methods of repredtion 30 Hat you know which one 10
the for parriculr job and how to prepare your work for that
tmethod. “The more yot know about suo production, the more
liable you will be to your employers and the more money
sou will evenly extn or yours
Ti this Teson ee will seqiaint you wih dhree of the most
common metals of sepratetion ~ evterprss, oft lithogra
pys and silk seen —and how your att ork should be pre
pated for cach one. There is a fourth tethod called gravure,
Inve since arti prepared for gravure much as tis for offer, we
‘wll eanfine or emonstrations co the first th
“Ave work for reprodction is ivked into evo genera rypes—
“te” and “tonal” Line ats compose of lines and areas of 2
solid color —usvally black ~and white; 4 pen and ink drasing
fs 1 gpical example, Tonal art contains not just black and
whic, but also varios ones of gray such as you se ina photo,
Mechanicals
Im Lesson 21 we demonuiratel nny of the things you will be
ning in yout fst ob in an att sndio or agency. Several of the
ppocedures you learned i hat feson wil eveneally be applied
tothe making of mechanieal on pastewpy A mechanical i the
de from which a printing plhte fs made. The enact sie, color
lind position of ever clement that f to appear in the Gashed
printed pivce ate peciely indicated on this mechanical, Am
Ung pisied on a riechanial usually type proofs for sepro-
Suction (pro pool) and smal le drawings or gosy stars of|
line arti considera “cops” for reproduction, unles other
wise marked
“Toma art. whether wo be reproduced same size, enlarged. oF
redived isnot pasted dos on the mechanical but sent along
ra sepatate piece. Ie in shown on the mechanical by a photosat
sr a iney Aratings which fas onfy one purpose —to indicate wo
the printer the exact sre of te tonal are aa dhe peition itis
to occupy in the printed piece.
Ald phowestas ae extremely helpful ia making 2 me
anieal, hey sve not avaiable everywhere, In place of sas, «
Maing or a0 scent sketch can serve just a» well tof
dicate the sie and poston ofthe tonal ar.
the course ofthis Ieuan se will demonstrate ow to pre:
Sieve Hinds uf anechanials. Mechanicals we have said,
Ares guide for the making of printing plotex~ an so printing
pltes te the next subject we must look into
Plates
‘The preparation of priming plates vies considerably according
torane method of repreution to be sed, but the general p1o-
Caalure greatly simplifed — goes something Wke this: (2) The
feta stages Huey all of ghe att ork —Hine and tonal— is
Fhowagphed ono nepuives to the exact siae masked on your
rt) Supping, or negative acembiy: Now, using the mechan
feal obi, al ofthe meatives Rat have uae been prepared
in Step I ae fted oF “stripped together. (8) Opaquing: With
brush and opaque punt, the platemaker “opiques (cones tp)
reas om the negative that should not appear on the finshed
ora brown
late, Nt this stage fst Hhography, a bn
Proof called a vandske is mace trom ae negative for checking
By the art or production man. (3) Making the plate: The
hegative i placed on 2 semsitved meal plite and expined to
Tight. The plate fs then deselopel. (8) Paving: Now a proof ix
pled, This proving is usually omitted in ofbct, where a bive
pint has afrecdy been seem and cortected. But for lterpres
Sha silkscreen, the art oe predaeion man now marks this
pool and returns ic for corsatin and printing. Later in this
Tesson we will show yon howe the aris procedure difers for
cvth ofthe thuce printing poceses ut for naye le us se jut
hat the proceset are and how they WOE
Letterpress
In the leterpress proves Tine and tonal art are usually plated
separately, These plates are etched deeply #0 that the trface
{hie wil prt i rlsed, Type often combined wih these plates
“and bo are "locked wp togetce into one “orm fr pinging
rinsing ik i tranofrned fora the raised stnfae ofthis form
ite to paper Yoru are actully painting by leerpres every
time yn prem a cubber simp to af ink pa and then to pape.
Offset
In offet, che camera sage is almunt decal with sha of eter
res. Afcr your monk photographed, everthing fy ranted
{Da thin mca pte ~ ae acual type oF Fates ave be locked
Up tgeter into a form, as shey wef leterpres. Intend ll
{onal an in clement, inctding repro proofs of the typ see
plowgraphed ftom the art at meuniere on
Fim which is chen exposed ante thi single place Offer so
ills from feces tte inked epresion is tanstered
tn alber from the plte to “ruler blanket” and then tothe
paper The mond “oie: derives fro she process of ofeting
Ine tmage rom the plane co he ber blnker before contacts
the paper. Exept forthe color lwo, the textbook of our
CCoune ere repre by dhe ott proces
Silk sereen
{mechanical for sk sreem i prepared much the seme asi
‘rould befor effet and the eames stage fs abo similar. Other
in hat poe gucgees” or squeered hough ney oxen
Sibvucen stencil deny onto the paper oF ater ointing oF
qoee The paint is usually deported tm a much Reavicr yer
than the ink inthe ofker ena processes Sik sexcening can be
done on ved surfaces and surfaces ether than paper. Exa
plo can be seen ll around you on sch objects as wood oF met
Signs an lasso plastic bots aa abc.
Thc thee major printing processes discus inthis tenon
‘am be ws ws teproduce any Bind of copy, whether line o ona
Ech proces however, pradices 9 somewhat diferent eet on
the printed page and cach has advantages and lmitsions. The
Alecsion of thteh proce to use fa given scution¥ asa
true bythe prdation department
“The reproduction of art work isan intricate and involved
ay which can ay be troy lemed tough experience. We
Sousent that you build upon the foundation you will acquize fn
this eon by visting pn shops and engraving houses in your
trex Talk with the men who wil soeday be your coworkers.
Yow will aly fd them exper to help anne who shows 3
respet for der craft and secksa beter understanding ottms yy} Feros Ari Coos
e: Studio production
Line reproduction
“The man who makes plates for leterpress printing is called &
phowengraver, and hie plates a called photoengravingy or ew
[ravingy The simples form of engraving i a ine plate, ar Tine
ft, Hike che one ohown at he right. Line plates are usvally
made of zinc and ave “blocked” —that ie attached to a hard
trod base-—so that when looked fn 2 printing form, they will
be exactly pe hight 0918 ofa inch, Line cus can be printed
sion hppa cally aaa oem pp
Sich a newsprint
‘Tine plate i made from art work compoved entely of lines
and areas of slid cao (usually Black) ad white Te may con
tain crontatching, suppling, dots, and solid lack areas. This
eis sally done in pen or brveh ard ink. Line apy een con
Sits of eepreciction proofs ofrype wit ruled or decorate boe-
fers speverter type atts graphs, ec, Make sure tat work
snhich Ito be reproduced in Tie contains no gray er tonal areas
Your drawing shold be sharply lack and white
"To make a lne plate, the engraver folloes the steps generally
as eutlined on tie previous page. The negative he "shoots" is
‘uch lke the one you would sake with on ordinary camera
Reniimber, this a negative; the areas in your drawing which
svete originally black ave now elear inthis negative, an all of
the white aan ane sled blsek. During the making of the plate,
‘eis he clear porsions ofthe negative which allo ight to pass
{ough and hit the sensed micial. The exposed plate then
foes throng several procees, ering im one or mone acid baths
(thich “etch or ene aay the unexposed portions. When enough
ites" have been taken to make the deign stnd out in cle
reli any large blank areas are “routed out” ee cut aay
Before blocking, the plate is proved and the proofs are given
te the attat of production man for OK or comectons, While
fore corrections ar changes can be rade imam engravers plate
than in the other process, a strong cautionary word for
proces et Make sire you begin with sorsect ar work,
Says be the mos stilatory and least costly method of obtain
fing the results you wat
Halftone reproduction
Anything dat the engraver cnet soot as Kine must be shot in
halftone: A halfione engraving is usally made of copper and can
be eo repadice virtually any toma subject —2 photograph,
minting, or drawing
"The steret of the hutfione processes te photographing the
material trough 3 halfone screen —not unlike an ondinar
trindow screen. The engravers seeen, however, consis of #0
ple of gos that ave ener with very Ste parallel fines. “The
fbvo glass plate ace cemented togcer with the lines in one
plate erossng the Lines fo the other at right angles. "The seen
Ei plced in the engravers camera dieety in front of his im.
Tight strikes the sreen fit when the exposure is made, and the
seen breaks the tonal inage inte thousands of very sal dots
the negative i, Except for sing a ere, the engraver gos
‘magi the anne procedire in making hulltove plate a he
fdes in making a Hine plate. I face, the very small black dots
fon the nid hallone engraving cea, in eet, a miniature
ec as you ca ee ithe enlarged section ofthe balfione at
the Lar right. You can alo vce dat where the drawing ws ight,
black Uot on the corresponding section of the plate are smal
Where copy wasdarh, shew dots are large Out ese Blends al these
ots into toner which range frm white through gray to lack,
ahaa da fo i a ie hn ew
Feemiieasoe
fig ent mdr fr
berarnad
a See aro lane on ue et tw fo Neto ree
i ar ia Se i il
‘bu en ea ch tr elrgcant- oie ht he bole hs hn, 2 ed Ine 2
Fractional Differential Equations: An Introduction to Fractional Derivatives, Fractional Differential Equations, to Methods of Their Solution and Some of Their Applications