LINEAR MOMENTUM AND IMPULSE

Linear Momentum p Linear momentum p of the particle can be defined as product of the particle’s
mass and velocity. Because the velocity is a vector quantity, so linear
momentum is also a vector. Directions of these two vectors are same.
𝑘𝑔∙𝑚
𝑝̅ = 𝑚 ∙ 𝑣̅ |𝑝| =
𝑠
Impulse I The product of average force and the time it is exerted is called the impulse of
force. Also the impulse is vector quantity and the direction is same with the
force.
𝑘𝑔∙𝑚
𝐼 ̅ = 𝐹̅ ∙ ∆𝑡 |𝐼| =
𝑠
Impulse-Linear Momentum Theorem (Impulse Law)

Impulse of force is equal to change in linear momentum

𝐼 ̅ = ∆𝑝̅
COLLISIONS

Momentum Conservation in Collisions

The total momentum of the two objects

(system) before the collision is equal to
the total momentum of the two objects
after the collision

𝑚1 ∙ 𝑣̅1 + 𝑚2 ∙ 𝑣̅2 = 𝑚1 ∙ 𝑢̅1 + 𝑚2 ∙ 𝑢̅2

Central and Oblicue Collision

Central collision occurs when direction of motion of the mass centers of the
colliding objects is along a line passing through the mass centers of the
particles. (one-dimensional collision)

When the motion of one or the both of the objects is at an angle with the line
of impact, the collision is an oblique. (two-dimensional collision)
Classification of Collisions Extreme types of collisions are perfectly elastic collision (collision without
kinetic energy loses) and perfectly inelastic collision (collision where objects
couple or stick together and move with a common velocity). The most of
collisions are between these two types.

𝑟𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑎𝑓𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑢2 −𝑢1

Coefficient of Restitution 𝑒= =
𝑟𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑏𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑣1 −𝑣2

Perfectly Elastic Collision The momentum and kinetic energy remains (the momentum remains in every
type of collisions)

𝑚1 ∙ 𝑣̅1 + 𝑚2 ∙ 𝑣̅2 = 𝑚1 ∙ 𝑢̅1 + 𝑚2 ∙ 𝑢̅2

{1 1 1 1
∙ 𝑚1 ∙ 𝑣1 2 + ∙ 𝑚2 ∙ 𝑣2 2 = ∙ 𝑚1 ∙ 𝑢1 2 + ∙ 𝑚2 ∙ 𝑢2 2
2 2 2 2

Of those two equations we get, that coefficient of restitution e =1

𝑢2 − 𝑢1
𝑒= =1
𝑣1 − 𝑣2

Perfectly Inelastic Collision Colliding objects move with a common velocity after collision, so the relative
velocity after collision is zero. Coefficient of restitution must be also zero.

e=0

Other Collisions There are kinetic energy losses, but objects has different velocities after
collision.

0<e<1