MA 102 (Ordinary Differential Equations)

IIT Guwahati

Tutorial Sheet No. 10 Date: March 30, 2020

Higher order ODEs

1. Find the general solution of the following differential equations.

d4 y
(a) + y(x) = 0.
dx4
d5 y d4 y d3 y
(b) 5 − 2 4 + 3 = 0.
dx dx dx
d3 y d2 y dy
(c) 3 − 2 + − y(x) = 0.
dx dx dx
d5 y d4 y d3 y d2 y dy
(d) 5 + 5 4 + 10 3 + 10 2 + 5 + y(x) = 0.
dx dx dx dx dx
2. Solve the following initial-value problems:
(a) y 00 − 2y 0 + y = 2xe2x + 6ex ; y(0) = 1, y 0 (0) = 0.
(b) y 00 (x) + y(x) = 3x2 − 4 sin x, y(0) = 0, y 0 (0) = 1.

3. Solve the following equations by the method of undetermined coefficients.

(a) y 00 + y 0 + 4y = 2 sinh t (b) y 00 + y = 3 sin 2t + t cos 2t.

(c) y 000 − y 00 + y 0 − y = sin x + 2xex .

4. Use the annihilator method to determine the form of a particular solution for
the equations:
(a) y 00 (x) − 5y 0 (x) + 6y(x) = cos(2x) + 1.
(b) y 00 (x) − 5y 0 (x) + 6y(x) = e3x − x2 .
d
5. Let P (D) = an Dn + · · · + a1 D + a0 , an 6= 0, where D = dx .
ax
(a) If P (D)y = ce , where c is a constant and P (a) 6= 0, then a particular
solution is given by
1 ceax
yp = (ceax ) = .
P (D) P (a)
(b) If P (D)y = h(x)eax , where h(x) is any function in x, then
1 1
yp = (h(x)eax ) = eax h(x).
P (D) P (D + a)

(c) In particular, if P (D) = (D − a)r P1 (D), P1 (a) 6= 0 then

1 cxr eax
yp = (ceax ) = .
P (D) r!P1 (a)

1
6. Use operator method to find a particular solution of the following ODEs.
(a) y 000 + y 00 + y 0 + y = x5 − 2x2 + x.
(b) y 000 − 5y 00 + 8y 0 − 4y = 3e2x .
(c) y 00 − 3y 0 + 2y = 3 sin 2x.