Geometry Problems for Practice

Aditya Ghosh
Following is a collection of problems in Geometry. Almost of all of these are taken
from past RMOs and INMOs. I shall add more problems later.
1. Let ABC be an acute angled triangle and CD be the altitude through C. If
AB = 8 and CD = 6, find the distance between the midpoints of AD and BC.
2. Prove that if any two among circumcenter, orthocentre, incentre and centroid of
a triangle coincide, then the triangle must be equilateral. (Essentially you have
to do 6 different problems.)
3. Take any point P1 on the side BC of a triangle ABC and draw the following
chain of lines: P1 P2 parallel to AC; P2 P3 parallel to BC; P3 P4 parallel to AB ;
P4 P5 parallel to CA; and P5 P6 parallel to BC, Here, P2 , P5 lie on AB; P3 , P6 lie
on CA and P4 on BC. Show that P6 P1 is parallel to AB.
4. Suppose P is a point inside a square ABCD such that P A = 1, P B = 2, and
P C = 3. Find ∠AP B.
5. From a point P inside 4ABC, perpendiculars P D, P E, P F are dropped to the
sides BC, CA, AB respectively. Prove that, BD2 + CE 2 + AF 2 = DC 2 + EA2 +
F B 2 . Furthermore, if 4ABC is equilateral, then show that the value of BD +
CE + AF does not depend on the position of P.
6. In a triangle ABC, the incircle touches the sides BC, CA, AB at D, E, F respec-
tively. If the radius if the incircle is 4 units and if BD, CE, AF are consecutive
integers, find the sides of the triangle ABC.
7. The diagonals AC and BD of a cyclic quadrilateral ABCD intersect at P . Let O
be the circumcentre of triangle AP B and H be the orthocentre of triangle CP D.
Show that OP is perpendicular to CD. Hence conclude that the points H, P, O
are collinear.
8. Let ABC be an acute-angled triangle. The circle Γ with BC as diameter intersects
AB and AC again at P and Q, respectively. Determine ∠BAC given that the
orthocenter of triangle AP Q lies on Γ.
9. Let ABC be a triangle with ∠A = 90◦ and AB = AC.
√ Let D and E be points on
the segment BC such that BD : DE : EC = 1 : 2 : 3. Prove that ∠DAE = 45◦ .
10. Let ω be a circle with centre O. Let γ be another circle passing through O and
intersecting ω at points A and B. A diameter CD of ω intersects γ at a point P
different from O. Prove that ∠AP C = ∠BP D.
11. Let ABC be a triangle in which AB = AC and let I be its in-centre. Suppose
BC = AB + AI. Find ∠BAC.

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12. In an acute-angled triangle ABC with AB < AC, the circle ω touches AB at B
and passes through C intersecting AC again at D. Prove that the orthocentre of
triangle ABD lies on ω if and only if it lies on the perpendicular bisector of BC.
13. In triangle ABC, K and L are points on the side BC (K being closer to B than
L) such that BC · KL = BK · CL and AL bisects ∠KAC. Show that AL ⊥ AB.
14. Let BE and CF be the altitudes of an acute triangle ABC with E on AC and
F on AB. Let O be the point of intersection of BE and CF . Take any line
KL through O with K on AB and L on AC. Suppose M and N are located
on BE and CF respectively. such that KM is perpendicular to BE and LN is
perpendicular to CF . Prove that F M is parallel to EN .
15. In a triangle ABC, D is a point on BC such that AD is the internal bisector of
∠A. Suppose ∠B = 2∠C and CD = AB. prove that ∠A = 72◦ .
16. In a triangle ABC, D is midpoint of BC . If ∠ADB = 45◦ and ∠ACD = 30◦ ,
determine ∠BAD.
17. In a triangle ABC, let H denote its orthocentre. Let P be the reflection of A
with respect to BC. The circumcircle of triangle ABP intersects the line BH
again at Q, and the circumcircle of triangle ACP intersects the line CH again at
R. Prove that H is the incentre of triangle P QR.
18. Let ABC be an isosceles triangle with AB = AC and let Γ denote its circumcircle.
A point D is on arc AB of Γ not containing C. A point E is on arc AC of Γ not
containing B. If AD = CE prove that BE is parallel to AD.
19. In a cyclic quadrilateral ABCD, let the diagonals AC and BD intersect at X.
Let the circumcircles of triangles AXD and BXC intersect again at Y . If X is
the incentre of triangle ABY , show that ∠CAD = 90◦ .
20. Let ABCD be a unit square. Draw a quadrant of the a circle with A as centre
and B, D as end points of the arc. Similarly, draw a quadrant of a circle with B
as centre and A, C as end points of the arc. Inscribe a circle Γ touching the arc
AC externally, the arc BD externally and also touching the side AD. Find the
radius of Γ.
21. Let ABC be a triangle with circumcircle Γ and incenter I. Let the internal angle
bisectors of ∠A, ∠B, ∠C meet Γ in A0 , B 0 , C 0 respectively. Let B 0 C 0 intersect AA0
at P, and AC in Q. Let BB 0 intersect AC in R. Suppose the quadrilateral P IRQ
is a kite; that is, IP = IR and QP = QR. Prove that ABC is an equilateral
triangle.
22. In an acute angled triangle ABC, ∠A = 30◦ , H is the orthocentre, and M is the
midpoint of BC. On the line HM , take a point T such that HM = M T . Show
that AT = 2BC.

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23. Let AC be a line segment in the plane and B a points between A and C. Construct
isosceles triangles P AB and QAC on one side of the segment AC such that
∠AP B = ∠BQC = 120◦ and an isosceles triangle RAC on the other side of AC
such that ∠ARC = 120◦ . Show that P QR is an equilateral triangle.
24. Let ABC be a triangle and D be a point on the segment BC such that DC =
2BD. Let E be the mid-point of AC. Let AD and BE intersect in P . Determine
the ratios BP : P E and AP : P D.
25. Let ABC be a triangle. Let D, E be points on the segment BC such that BD =
DE = EC. Let F be the mid-point of AC. Let BF intersect AD in P and AE
in Q respectively. Determine the ratio of the area of the triangle AP Q to that of
the quadrilateral P DEQ.
26. Let ABC be a triangle and let P be an interior point such that ∠BP C = 90◦ , and
∠BAP = ∠BCP . Let M, N be the mid points of AC, BC respectively. Suppose
BP = 2P M . Prove that A, P, N are collinear.
27. Let ABC be a triangle with AB = AC and ∠BAC = 30◦ . Let A0 be the reflection
of A in the line BC; B 0 be the reflection of B in the line CA; C 0 be the reflection
of C in line AB. Show that A0 B 0 C 0 is an equilateral triangle.
28. Let D, E, F be the points of contact of the incircle of an acute-angled triangle
ABC with BC, CA, AB respectively. Let I1 , I2 , I3 be the incentres of the tri-
angles AF E, BDF, CED, respectively. Prove that the lines I1 D, I2 E, I3 F are
concurrent.
29. Let ABC be an acute angled triangle with H as its orthocentre. For any point
P on the circumcircle of triangle ABC, let Q be the point of intersection of the
line BH with line AP . Show that there is a unique point X on the circumcircle
of triangle ABC such that for every P other than B, C, the circumcircle of HP Q
passes through X.
30. In a non equilateral triangle ABC the sides a, b, c form an arithmetic progression.
Let I be the incentre and O the circumcentre of the triangle ABC. Prove that,
(a) IO is perpendicular to BI.
(b) If BI meets AC in K, and D, E are the midpoints of BC, BA respectively
then I is the circumcentre of triangle DKE.
31. Given an acute-angled triangle ABC, let points A0 , B 0 , C 0 be located as follows:
A0 is the point where altitude from A on BC meets the outwards-facing semicircle
on BC as diameter. Points B 0 , C 0 are located similarly. Prove that

[BCA0 ]2 + [CAB 0 ]2 + [ABC 0 ]2 = [ABC]2 ,

where [ABC] denotes the area of triangle ABC.