Notes on Cell Division : for the online class of 24/04/2020

What is Cell Division ?

Cell division is a fundamental process in living being, which allow the

perpetuation of the species.

Need for Cell Division..

1. For Growth
2. For replacement
3. For repair
4. For reproduction

Type of cell Division : Mitosis & Meiosis

The cell cycle consist of two phase – Interphase and Mitotic phase
Interphase : it is the interval between two successive cell division. On the
basis of the activities, it is divided into three different phases.
(*pls draw the figure of cell cycle given in content.)

i. G1 phase: during this phase the cell growsin size. RNA and proteins
are synthesised for DNA replication.
ii. S – phase : During this phase, replication of DNA takes place, each
chromosome contains two sister chromatids, that are attached to the
centromere.
iii. G2 phase : it is the pre mitotic stage characterised by increase in
volume of nucleus, more RNA synthesis takes place.
Mitosis is the actual cell division in somatic cells. it consist of karyokinesis (
division of nucleus) and cytokinesis( division of cytoplasm)
Mitosis consists of 4 phases : ( karyokinesis )
i. Prophase : chromatin fibres shorten and condense to form
chromosome. The nucleolus and nuclear membrane disappear. The
centrosome( in animal cell) divides into two centrioles and move
towards the opposite poles.
ii. Metaphase : the chromosomes arrange themselves upon the equator of
the spindle which arise from the centriole.
iii. Anaphase : the centromere of the chromosome divides , the sister
chromatids separate and move towards the poles.
iv. Telophase : the chromatid lengthensto form chromatin threads, nuclear
membrane and nucleolus reappear.
Cytokinesis: it is the division of the cytoplasm. In an animal cell, a furrow
appears at the centre of the cell membrane. The furrow deepens and splits into
two daughter cells. In a plant cell, a cell plate is formed at the equatorial plane
of the spindle and grows from the centre to the periphery to form two daughter
cells.

Significance of Mitosis : it maintains the number of chromosomes as that of the

parents. Daughter cells have same genetic constitution. It helps in the growth of
tissues. It also helps in the repairing of worn out cells.

Meiosis : in is the reduction division as the chromosome number is halved in the

gametes, it takes place in reproductive cells. It is completed in two divisions,
reduction division is the first division followed by mitotic division.

Significance of Meiosis : it helps in the formation of gametes,

It maintains the constant number of chromosome in a species. It also produce
variation.

*please write the difference between Mitosis & Meiosis in the blank side,
Pls draw the diagram of the mitotic cell division