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Indonesian Literature –
History – Period –
Development
By Corrimited <
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March 29, 2017 <

https://factsofindonesia.com/indonesian-literature>

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As general, literature means artistic creation in

written or oral. Not every single written works has
to be announced as literature, but it has specific
characteristic, such as:

The content describes humanity including the

issues.
Using beautiful languanges in proper terms.
 Have an attractive presentation and good
impression.

See also :

 Indonesian Etiquette <

https://factsofindonesia.com/indonesian-
etiquette>
Indonesian Landmarks <
https://factsofindonesia.com/15-indonesian-
landmarks>
Indonesian Women Rights <
https://factsofindonesia.com/indonesian-
women-rights>

The Periode of Indonesian

Literature
In Indonesia, literature may be divided into several
generations. And being influenced by tradition
among sailor and trader that had came to Indonesia.
The aspect geographic also could not be separate
from being one of influencer side of develompment
Indonesian literature. Indonesia, has known be the
largest countries with thousand of islands, and
became colony of Dutch and Japan for hundred
years. So, it can be imagined how rich culture of
Indonesia mixed of those influenced and how deep
it became an impact to Indonesian literatures, as
well.

See also :

Indonesia Java <

https://factsofindonesia.com/indonesia-java>
Indonesian National Flower <
https://factsofindonesia.com/indonesian-
national-flower>
Indonesian Coral Reef <
https://factsofindonesia.com/indonesian-
coral-reef>

As chronological, Indonesia literatures has divided

into several generation, which is :

Old Poet Generation.

Old Malay Literature Generation.
Balai Pustaka.
New Poet Generation.
 The Generation of 1945.
The Generation during 1950 – 1960.
The Generation 1966 – 1970-an.
The Generation 1980 – 1990-an
Reformation Generation
The Generation of 2000 or Modern Literature

A. Old Poet

Old poet or “Pujangga Lama” was the eldest

generation in Indonesian Literature history and
contains most of literature that was adopted from
Malay literature, because of Indonesia has a same
root with Malay, and the connection culture between
Indonesia and Malay were great back then.

See also :

Saman Dance <

https://factsofindonesia.com/saman-dance>
Hinduism In Bali <
https://factsofindonesia.com/hinduism-in-
bali>
 The literatures of Old Poet were produced before
the twentieth of century. Old Poet in written forms
were dominated with these kind of form, such as :

Syair, contains beautiful traditional stories in

narrative forms.
Pantun, contain four line with rhymes.
Gurindam.
Hikayat (stories or fables).
Babad (histories or chronicles).

See also : Indonesian politics <

https://factsofindonesia.com/indonesian-
politics>

Some of Old Poet Popular Works, are :

1. Sejarah Melayu (syair and pantun).

2. Hikayat Abdullah.
3. Hikayat Andaken Penurat.
4. Hikayat Bayan Budiman.
5. Hikayat Djahidin.
6. Hikayat Hang Tuah.
7. Hikayat Kadirun.
 8. Hikayat Kalila dan Damina.
9. Hikayat Masydulhak.
10. Hikayat Pandja Tandera.
11. Hikayat Putri Djohar Manikam.
12. Hikayat Tjendera Hasan.
13. Tsahibul Hikayat.
14. Syair Bidasari.
15. Syair Ken Tambuhan.
16. Syair Raja Mambang Jauhari.
17. Syair Raja Siak.

Old Malay Literature Generation or ‘Sastra Melayu

Lama” This Generation were develop in year of
1870 until 1942 and were reflection from the old
societies in classic Malay culture. The Old Malay or
classic literature had characterisic, in example :

1. As oral/unwritten literature and grew with the

power of audience/people.
2. Tend to be static, not having improvement in
quantity works.
3. Had center of subject about palace or kingdom in
those era.
4. Used cliche languages, tend to be monotone and
static.
5. Anonymous.
6. Tend to be influenced from Arabian culture
(Muslim) and Hindi.

See also :

Indonesian education system <

https://factsofindonesia.com/indonesian-
education-system>
National Library Of Indonesia <
https://factsofindonesia.com/national-
library-of-indonesia>

The Old Malay popular literatures are :

1. The translation of Robinson Crusoe stories.

2. Lawan-lawan Merah.
3. The translation of Around The World in 80 Day.
4. The translation of Graaf de Monte.
5. The translation of Kapten Flamberger.
6. The translation of Rocambole.
7. Nyai Dasima by G. Francis.
 8. Bunga Rampai by A.F van Dewall.
9. The Journey of Nakhoda Bontekoe.
10. Cruising Stories to Kalimantan.
11. Crusing Stories to Makassar.
12. Siti Aisyah by H.F.R Kommer.
13. The Stories of Nyi Paina.
14. The Stories of Nyai Sarikem.
15. The Stories of Mrs. Kong Hong Ni
16. Nona Leonie.
17. Warna Sari Melayu by Kat S.
18. Si Conat by F.D.J. Pangemanan.
19. Rossina.
20. Nyai Isah by F. Wiggers.
21. Drama Raden Bei Surioretno.
22. Syair Java Bank was robbed.
23. Lo Fen Kui by Gouw Peng Liang.
24. Cerita Oey See by Thio Tjin Boen.
25. Tambahsia.
26. Busono by R.M.Tirto Adhi Soerjo.
27. Nyai Permana.
28. Hikayat Siti Mariah by Hadji Moekti.
Balai Pustaka In this periode, Poem, poet and
gurindam had been replaced with novels, short
stories, poetries, and sort of. Developed in earlier of
1920, most of the literature contains romance as a
big theme. Although there’s still syair and pantun
inserted into the stories but only become small parts
on the whole works. Usually in the forms of give
advice or counseling to readers. The charasteristic of
Balai Pustaka literatures are :

The style of languages using cliche parable or

proverb, metaphor an tend to be hyperbola.
Using forward and straight timeline.
Characterizations technics using direct analysis.

See also :

Indonesian theater <

https://factsofindonesia.com/indonesian-
theater>
deforestation In Indonesia <
https://factsofindonesia.com/deforestation-
in-indonesia>
Bird Of Paradise <
https://factsofindonesia.com/bird-of-
 paradise>

Rosidi (1986 : 37), explained Balai Pustaka authors

among others are :

Nur Sutan Iskandar. Born in 1893 at Maninjau.

The literature works are :

1. Salah Pilih.
2. Karena Mertua.
3. Hulubalang Raja.
4. Katak Hendak Jadi Lembu.
5. Neraka Dunia.
6. Cinta Tanah Air.
7. Mutiara.
8. Cobaan.
9. Cinta dan Kewajiban.
10. Translation : Anjing Setan – A. Canon. Doyle.
11. Translation : Gidang Intan Nabi Sulaiman – Rider
Haggard.
12. Translation : Kasih Beramuk Dalam Hati –
Beatrice Harraday.
13. Translation : Tiga Panglima Perang – Alexander
Dumas.
14. Translation : Graaf de Monto Cristo – Alexander
Dumas.
15. Translation : Iman dan Pengasihan – H. Sien
Klewiex.
16. Translation : Sepanjang Garis Kehidupan – R.
Casimir.
17. Adaptation : Pengajaran di Sweden – Jan Lightair.
18. Adaptation : Abu Nawas.
19. Adaptation :  Jager Bali.
20. Adaptation : Apa Dayaku Karena Aku Seorang
Perempuan.

Abdul Muis. Born in Minangkabau. Some popular

of his literature works are :

1. Salah Asuhan (1928).

2. Pertemuan Jodoh (1933).
3. Suropati (1950).
4. Robert Anak Suropati (1953).
5. Translation : Sebatang Kara – Hector Mallot.
 Marah Rusli. Born in Padang at August 7th, 1989.
Some of his popularity works are :

1. Siti Nurbaya (1922).

2. Kasih Tak Sampai, Anak dan Kemenakan (1956).
3. Memang Jodoh – La Harni (1952).

Aman Datuk Majaindo. Born in Solok at 1896.

His literature works are :

1. Si Doel Anak Betawi.

2. Anak Desa.
3. Si Cebol Rindukan Bulan (1934).
4. Menebus Dosa.
5. Perbuatan Hukum – Rusmala Dewi.
6. Sebabnya Rapiah Tersesat.
7. Syair si Banso – Gadis Durhaka (1931).
8. Syair Gul Bakawali (1936).

Mohammad Kasim. Born in 1986. His literature

works are :

1. Pemandangan Dunia Anak-anak.

2. Teman Dukun
3. Muda Terung.
4. Pangeran Hindi.
5. Niki Bahtera.

See also:

Indonesian Tribes <

https://factsofindonesia.com/indonesian-
tribes>
Indonesian National Flower <
https://factsofindonesia.com/indonesian-
national-flower>

Tulis Sutan Sati. His literature works are :

1. Tidak Membalas Guna (1932).

2. Memutuskan Pertalian (1932).
3. Sengsara Membawa Nikmat (1928).
4. Siti Marhumah yang Saleh.
5. Syair Rosida.
6. Sabai Nan Aluih.

Selasih or Seleguri. Born in 1909. Had been

produced Kalau Tak Ujung(1933) and Pengaruh
 Keadaan Sa’adam Alim. His literature works are
Pembalasannya (1941), Taman Penghibur Hati
(1941), Translation : Angin Timur Angin Barat (Pearl
S. Buck) Merari Siregar with Azab dan Sengsara
(1920) I Gusti Njoman Panji Tisna. The literature
works are :

1. Ni Rawi Ceti Penjual Orang.

2. I Swasta Setahun di Bedahulu.
3. Sukreni Gadis Bali.
4. Dewi Karuna (1938).

See also: Indonesia Orangutan <

https://factsofindonesia.com/indonesia-
orangutan>  – Sumatran Tigers <
https://factsofindonesia.com/sumatran-tigers>

Muhammad Yamin. The literature works are :

1. Tanah Air (1922).

2. Indonesia, Tumpah Darahku (1928).
3. Kalau Dewi Tara Sudah Berkata.
4. Ken Arok dan Ken Dedes (1934).

See also :
 Largest Cities In Indonesia <
https://factsofindonesia.com/largest-cities-
in-indonesia>
Endangered Animals In Indonesia <
https://factsofindonesia.com/endangered-
animals-in-indonesia>

B. New Poet Generation

New poet generation arised  in 1930 with Sutan

Takdir Alisjahbana and Armijn Pane as a leader. This
generation based on patriotism wave and formed
new culture in romantic style. Appeared as reaction
of censorship that Balai Pustaka did to the literature
at that era especially in terms of nationalism. As
official celebration, there was launched of magazines
Poedjangga Baroe in May 1933.  The authors that
represent New poet generation are :

1. Sutan Takdir Alisjahbana. His literature works

are :

Dian Tak Kunjung Padam (1932).

Tebaran Mega – Poetries (1935).
Layar Terkembang (1936).
 Anak Perawan di Sarang Penyamun (1940).

2. Hamka. His literature works are :

Di Bawah Lindungan Ka’bah (1938).

Tenggelamnya Kapal van der Wijck (1939).
Tuan Direktur (1950).
Didalam Lembah Kehidoepan (1940).

3. Armijn Pane. His literature works are :

Belenggu (1940).
Jiwa Berjiwa.
Gamelan Djiwa – poetries (1960).
Djinak-djinak Merpati – drama play (1950).
Kisah Antara Manusia – short stories (1953).

See also: Indonesian People <

https://factsofindonesia.com/indonesian-
people>  – Indonesian Tea <
https://factsofindonesia.com/indonesian-tea>

4.  Sanusi Pane. His literature works are :

Pancaran Cinta (1926).

 Puspa Mega (1927).
Madah Kelana (1931).
Sandhyakala Ning Majapahit (1933).
Kertajaya (1932).

5.  Tengku Amir Hamzah. His literature works are

:

Nyanyi Sunyi (1937).

Begawat Gita (1933).
Setanggi Timur (1939).

6. Roestam Effendi. His literature works are :

Bebasari.
Pertjikan Permenungan.

7.  Sariamin Ismail. His literature works are :

Kalau Tak Untung (1933).

Pengaruh Keadaan (1937).

See also: Poverty in Indonesia <

https://factsofindonesia.com/poverty-in-
indonesia>  – Best Airports in Indonesia <
https://factsofindonesia.com/best-airports-in-
indonesia>

8. J.E.Tatengkeng. With his literature Rindoe

Dendam (1934) 9. Fatimah Hasan Delais with her
literature Kehilangan Mestika (1935) 10. Said Daeng
Muntu. The literature works are Pembalasan and
Karena Kerendahan Boedi (1941) 11.  Karim Halim
with his literature Palawija (1944).

C. The Generation of 1945

The generation of 45 started in the year of 1942

when Japanese colony take over Dutch
colonial. Became big turnover point in literature
history in Indonesia, there was revolution of
Indonesia cultural back then. There was
destruction of West cultural and Dutch
language has been prohibited. Japanese dislike
literature art of pieces New poet Generation
cause too much western side behind that. And
Balai Pustaka has stopped following the
deployment of Dutch dinasty. So, appeared
new generation of literature, which is generation
of 45, and announced the realistic romantic
literatures. Had a different form from New Poet
generation which is more focusing in idealistic
romantic term.

Since Japan lost from Allies (August 14th,

1945) and Indoesia announced the
Independence, there was when cultural
activities (including literature) start over and find
new freedom to create and work. The litterateur
of Indonesia felt real freedom and also the
responsibility to be involved in independenced.
There was 4 figure known as the founder of 45
Generation, which is Chairil Anwar, Asrul Sani,
Rivai Apin, and Idrus.

See also : Indonesian democracy <

https://factsofindonesia.com/indonesian-
democracy> – Indonesian Martial Arts <
https://factsofindonesia.com/indonesian-
martial-arts>

The generation of 45 base on expressionism

that had been develop in Europe (in the end of
19th century). The expressionism figure are
Baudelaire, Rimbaud, Mallarme (Prancis), F.G.
Lorca (Spanyol), G. Ungaretti (Italia), T.S Eliot
(Inggris), G.Benn (Jerman), and H. Marsman
(Belanda). Differenf from literature works in new
poet that based on impressionism and brought
harmonization of prose or poetries, the
generation of 45 brought anxiety, agresif and
rebellion vibe.
See also : Indonesian cultures <
https://factsofindonesia.com/indonesian-
cultures> – Unique Facts about Indonesia <
https://factsofindonesia.com/unique-facts-
about-indonesia>

The development of generation of 45 can be

reflected by published of magazines :
a. Panca Raya (1945—1947).
b. Pembangunan (1946—1947).
c. Pembaharuan (1946—1947).
d. Nusantara (1946—1947).
e. Gema Suasana (1948—1950).
f. Siasat (1947—1959) with attachment:
Gelanggang.
g. Mimbar Indonesia (1947—1959) with
attachment: Zenith.
h. Indonesia (1949—1960).
i. Pujangga Baru (new published in 1948;
became Konfrontasi: 1954).
j. Arena ( Yogya, 1946—1948).
k. Seniman ( Solo 1947—1948).

The most popular literature works

of generation of 45 are :
1. Deru Campur Debu, Kerikil Tajam by
Chairil Anwar.
2. Atheis by Achdiat Kartamihardja.
3. Jalan Tak Ada Ujung by Mochtar Lubis.
4. Keluarga Gerilya by Pramoedya Ananta
Toer.

See also: Gamelan Facts <

https://factsofindonesia.com/gamelan-
facts> – Luwak Coffee <
https://factsofindonesia.com/luwak-coffee>

And the author of generation of 45 are :

1. Chairil Anwar.
2. Asrul Sani.
3. Rivai Apin.
4. Idrus.
5. Pramoedya Ananta Toer.
6. Mochtar Lubis..
7. Achdiat Kartamihardja
8. Trisno Sumardjo.
9. Mh. Rustandi Kartakusuma.
10. M. Balfas.
11. Sitor Situmorang.
12. Utuy Tatang Sontani.
13. S. Rukiah.
14. Barus Siregar.
15. Rustam Sutiasumarga.
16. Muhamad Dimyati
17. Saleh Sastrawinata, S.
18. Mundingsari, Gayus Siagian.
19. Dodong Djiwapradja.
20. Mahatmanto, Sirullah Kaelani.
21. Piet Sengojo.
22. Darius Marpaung.
23. Ida Nasution.
24. Siti Nuraini.

See also : Indonesian military power <

https://factsofindonesia.com/indonesia-
military-power>

D. The Generation during 1950 – 1960

The generation of 50 appeared with the

published of literature magazine Kisah
authorized by HB Jassin. This generation
dominated by short stories and compilation of
poetries. After 1956, Kisah transformed into
Sastra, another literature work project. In this
era, communism gave big influenced to
litterateur. There was polemic about realism-
socialism concept between litterateur and the
development of litterature in Indonesia faced
obstacles on that era. Author and Litterateur
works of generation 1950 – 1960-an are :

1.Pramoedya Ananta Toer, with his literature

works are :

Kranji dan Bekasi Jatuh (1947).

Bukan Pasar Malam (1951).
Di Tepi Kali Bekasi (1951).
Keluarga Gerilya (1951).
Mereka yang Dilumpuhkan (1951).
Perburuan (1950).
Cerita dari Blora (1952).
Gadis Pantai (1965).

See also: Biggest Earthquake in Indonesia <

https://factsofindonesia.com/biggest-
earthquake-in-indonesia>

2. Nh. Dini, with her literature works are :

Dua Dunia (1950).

Hati jang Damai (1960).
3. Sitor Situmorang, with his literature works are :

Dalam Sadjak (1950).

Djalan Mutiara: compilation of three plays
(1954).
Pertempuran dan Saldju di Paris (1956).
Surat Kertas Hidjau: compilation of poetries
(1953).
Wadjah Tak Bernama: compilation of poetries
(1955).

4. Mochtar Lubis, with his literature works are :

Tak Ada Esok (1950).

Jalan Tak Ada Ujung (1952).
Tanah Gersang (1964)
Si Djamal (1964)..

See also: Bali Facts <

https://factsofindonesia.com/bali-facts>

5. Marius Ramis Dayoh, with his literature works

are :

Putra Budiman (1951).

 Pahlawan Minahasa (1957).

6. Ajip Rosidi, with his litterature works are :

Tahun-tahun Kematian (1955).

Ditengah Keluarga (1956).
Sebuah Rumah Buat Hari Tua (1957).
Cari Muatan (1959).
Pertemuan Kembali (1961).

7. Ali Akbar Navis, with his literature works are :

Robohnya Surau Kami – 8 cerita pendek pilihan

(1955).
Bianglala – kumpulan cerita pendek (1963).
Hujan Panas (1964).
Kemarau (1967).

8. Toto Sudarto Bachtiar, with his literature works

are :

Etsa sajak-sajak (1956).

Suara – compilation of poetries 1950-1955
(1958).
9. Ramadhan K.H with Priangan si Jelita (1956)

10. W.S. Rendra, with his literature works are :

Balada Orang-orang Tercinta (1957).

Empat Kumpulan Sajak (1961).
Ia Sudah Bertualang (1963).

See also: Dayak Tribe <

https://factsofindonesia.com/dayak-tribe>

11. Subagio Sastrowardojo with Simphoni (1957)

12. Nugroho Notosusanto, with his litterature

works are :

Hujan Kepagian (1958).

Rasa Sajangé (1961).
Tiga Kota (1959).

13. Trisnojuwono, with his litterature works are :

Angin Laut (1958).

Dimedan Perang (1962).
Laki-laki dan Mesiu (1951).
14. Toha Mochtar, with his litterature works are :

Pulang (1958).
Gugurnya Komandan Gerilya (1962).
Daerah Tak Bertuan (1963).

15. Purnawan Tjondronagaro with Mendarat

Kembali (1962)

16. Bokor Hutasuhut with Datang Malam

(1963)

See also :Indonesia Religion <

https://factsofindonesia.com/indonesia-
religion>

E. The Generation 1966 – 1970

In this era, appeared the new style of literature in

Indonesia which is surealism and classified to the
contemporer literatures wave. The works tend to be
absurd and became avant garde art. Had a spirit of
experimentalism and improvisation. The famous
publisher at that era was Pustaka Jaya and had great
contribution in development of literatures works at
 66-70’s. The author of generanion 1966-1970 and
their works are :

1. Taufik Ismail. His literatures works are :

Malu (Aku) Jadi Orang Indonesia.

Tirani dan Benteng.
Buku Tamu Musim Perjuangan.
Sajak Ladang Jagung.
Kenalkan.
Saya Hewan.
Puisi-puisi Langit.

2. Sutardji Calzoum Bachri. His literatures works

are :

O.
Amuk.
Kapak.

3. Abdul Hadi WM. His literatures works are :

Meditasi (1976).
 Potret Panjang Seorang Pengunjung Pantai Sanur
(1975).
Tergantung Pada Angin (1977).

4. Sapardi Djoko Damono. His literatures works

are :

Dukamu Abadi (1969).

Mata Pisau (1974).

5. Goenawan Mohamad. His literatures works are :

Parikesit (1969).
Interlude (1971).
Potret Seorang Penyair Muda Sebagai Si Malin
Kundang (1972).
Seks, Sastra, dan Kita (1980).

6. Umar Kayam. His literatures works are :

Seribu Kunang-kunang di Manhattan.

Sri Sumarah dan Bawuk.
Lebaran di Karet.
Pada Suatu Saat di Bandar Sangging.
 Kelir Tanpa Batas.
Para Priyayi.
Jalan Menikung.
Danarto.
Godlob.

7. Adam Makrifat. His literatures works are :

Berhala
Nasjah Djamin.
Hilanglah si Anak Hilang (1963).
Gairah untuk Hidup dan untuk Mati (1968).

8. Putu Wijaya. His literatures works are :

Bila Malam Bertambah Malam (1971).

Telegram (1973).
Stasiun (1977).
Pabrik.
Gres.
Bom.

9. Djamil Suherman. His literatures works are :

 Perjalanan ke Akhirat (1962).
Manifestasi (1963).

10. Titis Basino. His literatures works are :

Dia, Hotel, Surat Keputusan (1963).

Lesbian (1976).
Bukan Rumahku (1976).
Pelabuhan Hati (1978).

11. Leon Agusta. His literatures works are :

Monumen Safari (1966).

Catatan Putih (1975).
Di Bawah Bayangan Sang Kekasih (1978).
Hukla (1979).

12. Iwan Simatupang. His literatures works are :

Ziarah (1968).
Kering (1972).
Merahnya Merah (1968).
Keong (1975).
RT Nol/RW Nol.
 Tegak Lurus Dengan Langit.

13. M.A Salmoen with Masa Bergolak (1968).

14. Parakitri Tahi Simbolon with Ibu (1969).

15. Chairul Harun with Warisan (1979).

16. Kuntowijoyo with Khotbah di Atas Bukit

(1976).

17. Balfas with Lingkaran-lingkaran Retak (1978).

18. Mahbub Djunaidi with Dari Hari ke Hari

(1975).

19. Wildan Yatim with Pergolakan (1974).

20. Harijadi S. Hartowardojo with Perjanjian

dengan Maut (1976).

21. Ismail Marahimin with Dan Perang Pun Usai

(1979).

22. Wisran Hadi. His literatures works are :

 Empat Orang Melayu.
Jalan Lurus.

F. The Generation 1980 – 1990

In this era, appeared women litterateur received

most popularity like Marga T. And novel romances
became big hit, wide spread in publishing company
or magazines. The characteristic was pop culture but
with conventional side whereas antagonist always
lost and protagonist always become hero.

See also : indonesian language <

https://factsofindonesia.com/indonesian-
language>

Mira W and Marga T known as women litterateur

which had romantic fiction as their main focused.
And brought women as the main character.  NH
Dini also became most succesful writer at that time.
Her works such as Pada Sebuah Kapal, Namaku
Hiroko, La Barka, Pertemuan Dua Hati, dan Hati
Yang Damai has speciality in combine the rivalry
between western influence and eastern ideology.
And the main figure always had east thought.
There was also appeared novel pop culture produced
by Hilman Hariwijaya with the serial of Lupus. And
there was arised Women Writers of Indonesia
Community, with Titie Said as founder, and La Rose,
Lastri Fardhani, Diah Hadaning, Yvonne de Fretes,
and Oka Rusmini were the members. The author
and their worrks of Generation of 1980-1990 are :

1.Ahmadun Yosi Herfanda. The popular works are

:

Ladang Hijau (1980).

Sajak Penari (1990).
Sebelum Tertawa Dilarang (1997).
Fragmen-fragmen Kekalahan (1997).
Sembahyang Rumputan (1997)

See also : Indonesian heritage <

https://factsofindonesia.com/indonesian-
heritage>

2. Y.B Mangunwijaya with Burung-burung Manyar

(1981).

3. Darman Moenir. The popular works are :

 Bako (1983).
Dendang (1988).

See also : Indonesian human rights <

https://factsofindonesia.com/indonesian-
human-rights>

4. Budi Darma. The popular works are :

Olenka (1983).
Rafilus (1988).

5. Sindhunata with Anak Bajang Menggiring Angin

(1984).

6. Arswendo Atmowiloto with Canting (1986).

7. Hilman Hariwijaya. The popular works are :

Lupus – 28 novel (1986-2007).

Lupus Kecil – 13 novel (1989-2003).
Olga Sepatu Roda (1992).
Lupus ABG – 11 novel (1995-2005).
8. Dorothea Rosa Herliany. The popular works are
:

Nyanyian Gaduh (1987).

Matahari yang Mengalir (1990).
Kepompong Sunyi (1993).
Nikah Ilalang (1995).
Mimpi Gugur Daun Zaitun (1999).

9. Gustaf Rizal. The popular works are :

Segi Empat Patah Sisi (1990).

Segi Tiga Lepas Kaki (1991).
Ben (1992).
Kemilau Cahaya dan Perempuan Buta (1999).

10. Remy Sylado. The popular works are :

Ca Bau Kan (1999).

Kerudung Merah Kirmizi (2002).

11. Afrizal Malna. The popular works are :

Tonggak Puisi Indonesia Modern 4 (1987).

 Yang Berdiam Dalam Mikropon (1990).
Nusantara Mutakhir (1991).
Dinamika Budaya dan Politik (1991).
Arsitektur Hujan (1995).
Pistol Perdamaian (1996).
Kalung dari Teman (1998).

See also : History of Jakarta <

https://factsofindonesia.com/history-of-
jakarta>

G. Reformation Generation

This literature era reformation were reflected the

deployments of Soeharto dynasty, when conflict
politic and spirit of reformed became hot issued.
The literature characteristic in that era are focused to
social political theme, full of the freedom of
expression and thoughtfulness, religious and sufistic
way, brought nationality concerned of rhymes.
Norms considered taboo in society became main
topic in several works of literature, such as Saman,
Larung (karya Ayu Utami), Mereka Bilang Saya Monyet,
Jangan Main–Main dengan Kelaminmu, Nayla (karya
Djenar Maesa Ayu), Tuan dan Nyonya Kosong (karya
Hudan Hidayat), Tuhan Ijinkan Aku Jadi Pelacur,
Adam dan Hawa (karya Muhidin M. Dahlan), and
many kind of literature with same topic as above.
Also appeared feminist works from Djenar Mahesa
Ayu, and became top discussion back then.

See also : Indonesian heroes <

https://factsofindonesia.com/indonesian-
heroes>

Meanwhile, islamic novel had specific and loyal

reader and became one of alternative literature. One
of the best seller was novel Ayat-Ayat Cinta from 
Habiburrahman El-Shirazy. Also arised chicklit and
teenlit novel, tells about young independent women,
lived in big city and pursuit her love and career.

Generation of 2000

The literature in 2000 develop and influenced by

internet era or information technology.
Characteristic tend to more vulgar and adopted
American culture and habit. Social politic and
romance fiction  still became main issued. But
religious theme also had a place in the heart of
readers. There’s no basic rules in writing and the
quantity of literature works also increased. And there
is also arised cyber literature, popularized by
bloggers. Authors and literature works of generation
2000 are :

1. Ayu Utami. With her literature works are :

Saman.
Larung.

2. Seno Gumira Ajidarma with his literature works

are :

Atas Nama Malam.

Sepotong Senja untuk Pacarku.
Biola Tak Berdawai.

3. Dewi Lestari. With her literature works are :

Supernova : Ksatria , Putri dan Bintang Jatuh.

Akar.
Petir.
Perahu Kertas.

4. Habiburrahman El Shirazy
 Ayat-ayat Cinta.
Di Atas Sejadah Cinta.
Ketika Cinta Bertasbih.
Dalam Mihrab Cinta.

5. Andrea Hirata

Laskar Pelangi.
Edensor.
Sang Pemimpi.
Maryamah Karpov.

That was the development of Indonesia literature.

The historical side and a lot of influence from
various aspect made Indonesian literature became
rich and beautiful artistic way. Indonesian literature
followed and adapted the social economy
environment in Indonesia, and reflected cultural
testimony from society. As an nation, we have to
take care of our literature heritages and make future
creation to continuing our literature tradition.

See also :
The Largest Mosque In Indonesia <
https://factsofindonesia.com/the-largest-
mosque-in-indonesia>
Indonesian traditional Transportation <
https://factsofindonesia.com/indonesian-
traditional-transportation>
Indonesian Red Cross Society <
https://factsofindonesia.com/indonesian-red-
cross-society>
← Top 31 Indonesian <
Tribes List – History https://factsofindon
and Cultures esia.com/indonesia
n-tribes>
→ 10 Types of <
Indonesian Wedding https://factsofindon
Culture – Ceremonies esia.com/indonesia
and Customs n-wedding-culture>

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