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DISTRICT COOLING
REFERENCE E-BOOK
“A guide to different technologies
for District Cooling based on
our extensive experience”
INTRODUCTION TO DISTRICT COOLING
District Cooling refers to the centralized production and distribution of cooling energy. The cooling energy is produced in a
central cooling plant as chilled water and is distributed to consumers in a closed piping circuit, also referred to as a reticulation
system.

District Cooling is being implemented worldwide by many different organizations, both private and public. There is also an
extensive variety of consumers (Residential, Hotels, Offices, Retail Stores, Hospitals, etc.).

Traditionally, DC Plants have been designed following residential standards

and practices. However, the most recent Plants with a capacity of several tens
of thousands of Tons of Refrigeration (TR) cannot be designed following this
philosophy. Those higher capacities require industrial-grade equipment and
industrial practices in order to ensure the reliability and safety of the DC Plant.
Efficiency is a crucial parameter for these kinds of plants as the amounts of energy
consumed throughout the year is very high. Any
improvement in efficiency results in huge savings
in any developer’s running costs. Reliability is also
a must as so many residences, hotels, people and
businesses depend on it.

The purpose of this reference book is to provide

a brief guidance for the Design of an Industrial-
Grade DC Cooling Plant based on ARANER’s wide
experience in this kind of projects.

2
BENEFITS OF DISTRICT COOLING
The District Cooling market has been expanding continuously in recent years because it has been demonstrated to be beneficial
for the Owner and the Consumer. DC can be regarded as another utility, such as power generation, water or natural gas, but with
the product being cooling energy in the form of chilled water that is produced by the DC Plant Owner who in turn meters it and
sells it to the consumer.

•  For the owner, DC is a safe business with

Reduction Higher
a quite stable demand and relatively low
in peak Efficiency
payback periods Electricity
Demand
•  For the consumer, the capital cost and
operation cost are reduced. In addition, the Optimization
of the installed Reduction in
cooling equipment which can be noisy is
cooling CO2 Emissions
usually placed outside the building, sometimes
capacity
remotely, and the maintenance operations
are often outsourced
Recognized
Operation and
•  For the environment, DC is a more efficient Green
Maintenance
Technology
solution than a stand alone chiller, reducing Services
with carbon
the energy consumption and the CO2 footprint Provided by
credit
of the District. experts
Possibility
Higher
In general, DC offers several advantages when of Energy
Reliability
compared with Traditional Solutions. Storage

3
BENEFITS OF DISTRICT COOLING
Typical Peak Power Demand for Different Cooling Solutions

District cooling can cut peak electrical demand that typically occurs in the late afternoon – reducing strain on the grid and
avoiding expensive peak power costs. The following graph illustrates the difference in consumption between a District Cooling
plant and a traditional air cooled building system with the same cooling demand. The difference between them may reach more
than half during the peak power demand.

TYPICAL PEAK POWER DEMAND FOR DIFFERENT COOLING SOLUTIONS

1.75
Peak Power Demand (kW/TR)

1.5

1.25

0.75

0.5

0.25

0
Air Cooled Building District Cooling District Cooling (Electric District Cooling (100%
Systems (Electric) with TES) Gas-fired)

4
GREEN BUILDINGS
Green building (also known as green construction or sustainable building) refers to a structure that is designed, constructed and
operated using processes that are environmentally responsible and resource-efficient.

Efficient District Cooling Systems contribute to the Green building as the total electrical consumption of the building is reduced.
LEED Certification (Leadership in Energy & Efficient Design), which is recognized across the world as the premier standard for
Green buildings, recognizes the use of DC systems as a significant contributor towards achieving a highly efficient building. This is
a point based system that categorizes Green buildings into four different levels – Certified,
Silver, Gold and Platinum.

Selecting an environmentally friendly refrigerant is also important in order

to receive a higher quantity of LEED points to achieve a higher
certification level. The refrigerant used must have a very low Global
Warming Potential and Ozone Depletion Potential. CFC
and HCFC refrigerants have been already phased out
in most of the countries around the world and R-134
will be phased out in the very near future (phase
out is already planned in USA and Europe); given
its favorable properties R-717 remains a preferred
refrigerant for efficiency and environmental reasons
and is expected to remain so indefinitely.

5
DC PLANT SIMULATION & DESIGN CRITERIA
The first stage is to design the DC Plant as efficient as possible, in this regards studying the simultaneity
of the cooling demand of the different buildings/consumers can result in a great optimization of the
system. Not all consumers have their peak cooling load at the same time. As an example, offices
will have their maximum consumption during the working hours while the maximum consumption for
FIRST the hotels will be in the afternoon.
STAGE
Studying the simultaneity of the different buildings/consumers will determine the peak of the connected
cooling load of the entire DC system. The cooling plant in order to be efficient shall be designed
according to this peak of the connected cooling load and maximize energy production.

100%

Residential
90%

80%

70%

Offices
Loads % of Peak

60%

50%

40%
Hotel
30%

20%

10%
Retail
0%
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24

Hours of the Day

6
DC PLANT SIMULATION & DESIGN CRITERIA
A simulation of the District Cooling for a complete year will be very useful in order to evaluate the
different technologies and select the optimum solution for every case. The simulation will estimate the
Hourly Cooling Demand based on the following factors:
16,000,000 16,000,000

SECOND •  The ambient temperature

14,000,000 14,000,000

STAGE •  The building occupancy

Chiller Consumption (kW·h)

12,000,000 12,000,000

depending on the hour and

Cooling Demand
10,000,000 10,000,000

the building type (office,

8,000,000 8,000,000
residential, hotel, retail…)
•  The seasonal occupancy (in 6,000,000 6,000,000

case of resorts, universities or 4,000,000 4,000,000

any other special cases which

2,000,000 2,000,000
have very low occupancy
during certain months of the 0 0

year)

Water Cooled Chillers Consumption (kW·h) Air Cooled Chillers Consumption (kW·h) Cooling Demand (TR·h)

Once the cooling demand is simulated, the cooling plant consumption will be also evaluated using
local costs for energy and water. The optimum solution will depend on the Owner’s criteria:

THIRD •  Reduce the yearly operation cost

STAGE •  Reduce the yearly electrical consumption
•  Reduce the yearly water consumption

7
DISTRICT COOLING PLANT COMPONENTS
THERMAL ENERGY
STORAGE TANK
HEAT REJECTION
TECHNOLOGIES

CONSUMPTION
PUMPS
HIGH-EFFICIENT PRODUCTIONS
INDUSTRIAL CHILLERS PUMPS

8
DISTRICT COOLING PLANT COMPONENTS
HIGH-EFFICIENT INDUSTRIAL CHILLERS

When designing the cooling plant the chillers selection play an important role for lowering the energy consumption. ARANER´s
chillers are robust industrial grade machines designed and manufactured to improve the District Cooling plant efficiency,
reducing the total water and electrical consumption in the plant.

ARANER’s chillers are designed in order to reduce the total plant energy consumption. Energy consumption is one of the
major concerns worldwide in these days. Lowering energy consumption not only results in big savings in operation cost but also
contributes to the environment by reducing the CO2 footprint. Furthermore, the tailor-made chillers developed by ARANER are
very flexible and will be suitable despite the project specifications and site conditions:

•  Different refrigerant types (R717, R134a, R504a)

•  Electrical, diesel or gas driven motors
•  Dry cooled or water cooled solutions and sea water cooled
•  Absorption chillers
•  Integration with Thermal Energy Storage Technologies
•  Centrifugal or Screw type
•  REMOTE INTEGRATED CONDENSATION (RIC) - High efficient
technologies that reduces plant footprint and electrical
consumption

9
DISTRICT COOLING PLANT COMPONENTS
HIGH-EFFICIENCY INDUSTRIAL CHILLERS
The common practice to produce the cooling energy in District Cooling Plants is by means of vapor compression chillers. Other
technologies can be applied depending on the project conditions and cooling requirements.

CENTRIFUGAL CHILLER
Centrifugal compressors are a non-positive displacement type and therefore more sensible to a pressure differential lift between
evaporation pressure and condensing pressure

•  Centrifugal chillers are designed with fewer moving parts and straightforward with efficient
engineering, and have proven durability records in hospitals, district cooling systems, and
in other applications where minimal downtime is a crucial concern
•  High strength aluminum-alloy compressor impellers feature backward curved vanes for
high efficiency. Airfoil shaped pre-rotation vanes minimize flow disruption for the most
efficient partial load performance
•  The advantage of centrifugal compressors is their high flow rates capability and good
efficiency characteristics

SCREW CHILLER
Screw compressor or positive displacement compressors encase a quantity of refrigerant in
a decreasing volume during the compression process. They provide excellent lift characteristics

•  They are low speed machines with less wear and so, long trouble free life with less
maintenance.
•  Screw compressors are able to accommodates the pressure lift increasing performance
for different conditions (day/night, Summer/winter)
•  ARANER screw machines have an extra improved efficiency for the oil injection system

10
DISTRICT COOLING PLANT COMPONENTS
HIGH-EFFICIENCY INDUSTRIAL CHILLERS

ABSORPTION CHILLER
Absorption chillers, instead of using electricity, use ‘heat’ as the energy source, a
low grade energy. The energy source may be steam or hot water, or it may even be
waste heat like in exhaust gases from an engine (gas or oil based). ARANER offers
a wide range of solutions for each of these energy sources, all of which represent a
major advance in Absorption Refrigeration Technology.

ARANER absorption chillers use tested components and procedures for industrial
refrigeration applications. Their main characteristics are:

•  Minimum maintenance due to few moving parts

•  Ready for dry condensation with ZERO water consumption
•  Modular solution factory assembled
•  Different technologies can be applied: ammonia-water
or LiBr absorption chillers
•  Lower energy consumption compared with compression
chillers
•  Higher CAPEX than compression chillers
•  Extra investment is recovered on mid/long-term basics

Our absorption chillers can be installed in a trigeneration

system producing chilled water from residual heat of the
system.

11
DISTRICT COOLING PLANT COMPONENTS
HIGH-EFFICIENT INDUSTRIAL CHILLERS

Direct Condensation - Remote Integrated Condensation (RIC)

In District Cooling during the condensing process, the heat gained is rejected to the atmosphere. Traditionally, this process
is done through indirect condensation in 2 stages. First, the refrigerant processes the condensation heat to a closed water cycle.
Then, this water is cooled in a cooling tower, and the heat is rejected into the ambient.

ARANER Industrial Chillers with Remote Integrated

Cooling Tower Evaporative Condenser Condensation reduce this process into a single stage,
eliminating the water cycle and reducing energy
consumption. The heat of the condensation process goes
Make up
water
directly into the atmosphere.

With the Direct Condensation process the chillers

condensing at lower temperature, so reduce the electrical
consumption of the compressor in 6% and adding 8%
WATER CYCLE
for water cycle pumps removals and they are able to
REFRIGERANT decrease in 14% the overall cooling plant energy
CYCLE
Condenser
consumption.

REFRIGERANT
CYCLE

Evaporator Evaporator

TRADITIONAL CHILLER ARANER CHILLER

12
DISTRICT COOLING PLANT COMPONENTS
HIGH-EFFICIENT INDUSTRIAL CHILLERS

Refrigerant selection

Ammonia is probably the most suitable refrigerant for DC systems, and is used as a refrigerant in a large number of
industrial facilities worldwide, providing high efficiency performance. The most important characteristics to be
achieved during the refrigerant the selection are:

High latent heat of vaporization

High thermal conductivity

N H
H
Low cost

Good availability Ammonia - NH3 H

Environmentally friendly

Ammonia (NH3) has by far the best characteristics in thermodynamic terms. Because of its agricultural,
industrial and commercial use, the world ammonia production is huge and both price and availability
are much more favorable than for any other refrigerant.

With increased regulation being placed ammonia is becoming an alternative refrigerant for new installation.
Ammonia has an Ozone Depletion Potential of 0.00 and a high latent heat of vaporization (9 times greater
than R-12). In addition, ammonia in the atmosphere does not directly contribute to global warming. These
characteristics result in a highly energy-efficient refrigerant with minimal environmental problems, for
that, ammonia should be always selected, when possible, for industrial refrigeration installations.

For those cases in which R717 is not preferred, ARANER has extensive experience in the use of other
refrigerants, especially in R134a facilities.
13
DISTRICT COOLING PLANT COMPONENTS
HEAT REJECTION TECHNOLOGIES

The heat energy absorbed by the chillers shall be rejected to the environment. There are several technologies for heat rejection
to the environment.

Water-Cooled Condenser
The most common practice is to reject the condenser heat by means of cooling towers. In cooling towers, water is sprayed
and evaporated over an air stream flow. The coolant fluid is the water which will evaporate at ambient wet bulb temperature
which usually is way lower than ambient temperature, reducing the condensing temperature. The benefits of this technology are
relatively low CAPEX, compact size and high efficiency since it allows for lower condensing pressures.

However, the water consumption of this technology is

very high. Chemical treatment and other operation costs
shall be added to this technology.

14
DISTRICT COOLING PLANT COMPONENTS
HEAT REJECTION TECHNOLOGIES

Air-Cooled Condenser
With this technology, heat is rejected to the ambient air. Air fans are
installed in order to circulate the proper air flow through a finned tube
heat exchanger. The dry bulb temperature of ambient air is higher than
the wet bulb temperature so condensing temperature and pressure will
be higher when compared with water-cooled technology which adversely
affects the efficiency of the DC system. The advantage of this solution
is that water consumption is ZERO, so air-cooled condensers are the
preferred technology for areas with scarce water supply (remote areas,
dry areas).

Sea water-Cooled Condenser

When the District Cooling system is constructed near the seashore,
rejecting the heat to the sea water may be the optimum solution in order to
achieve low condensing temperature with ZERO fresh water consumption.
Sea water is supplied through the heat exchanger and then returned
back to the sea. Usually, the maximum sea water return temperature is
limited due to environmental reasons. The capital cost of this technology
can be higher because the materials must be marine corrosion resistant
(Titanium, High Grade Stainless Steel, Copper, etc.). The capital cost of
the Sea Water Intake infrastructure must also be added to the total cost
of the project. However, in most of the cases the savings in the OPEX (low
electrical consumption and zero fresh water consumption) will make the
payback period very attractive.

15
DISTRICT COOLING PLANT COMPONENTS
THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE TANK (TES TANK) FOR DISTRICT COOLING

TES Tank is a thermal accumulator that allows the storage of chilled water or ice produced during off-peak time. This energy
is later used during on-peak time. A TES tank reduces refrigerant plant capacity and operational cost, producing chilled
water when demand is low, which usually coincides with the night, when ambient temperature is low and chillers have better
performance.
DISTRICT COOLING LOAD PROFILE AND TES TANK OPERATION
60,000 200,000

•  Maximum efficiency in simultaneous chilled water production Cooling Demand, TR

Chiller Output, TR
180,000

and consumption, usage of what you need, storage of 50,000

TES Charge, TR·h

160,000

excess

Refrigeration Load, TR

Stored Energy, TR·h

140,000

•  Smaller refrigeration equipment sizes and costs as they are

40,000

120,000

designed for average loads and not for peaks 30,000 100,000

•  Energy production and storage during electricity low-cost 80,000

periods. 20,000
60,000

•  Ice storage option available where site space constraints 10,000

40,000

would not allow for a chilled water TES tank 20,000

0 0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Hour of the Day

16
DISTRICT COOLING PLANT COMPONENTS
THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE TANK (TES TANK) FOR DISTRICT COOLING

In District cooling plants with TES Tank, the refrigeration capacity of the chillers will be lower due to the cooling energy already
accumulated in the tank during the previous hours. In other words, a smaller refrigeration system can be used to satisfy an
specified peak demand. Therefore, ARANER engineers put a great effort to design the most efficient Thermal Energy Storage Tanks
for District Cooling Plants.

In Thermal Energy Storage Tanks, a proper diffuser geometry helps the water volumes to stratify uniformly inside the tank, via
water velocities and densities, and thus provide the District Cooling System with the required cooling capacity

Design Criteria - CFD

ARANER sets a great effort to design the most efficient Thermal
Energy Storage Tanks for its cooling plants. To ensure that the cooling
needs of the plants are absolutely fulfilled, it is extremely important
to test the performance of the designed TES in real conditions before
erection.
CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) uses numerical algorithms
and computational software to simulate how a fluid flows within a
certain boundary domain. The numerical model must be accurate
and truthful to ensure the proper performance of the prototype. The
CFD techniques offer the capacity of studying a fluid system under
conditions over its limits and understanding the features of the result.
Through the use of CFD analysis ARANER provides a real conditions-
tested design that fulfills specifications and assures thermal
stratification of water inside the TES Tank. The use of CFD software
ensures authenticity and quick turnaround time, reducing cost and
adding significant value to the final plant and thus, to the customers.
17
DISTRICT COOLING PLANT COMPONENTS
THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE TANK FOR DISTRICT COOLING
TYPICAL CONFIGURATION FOR DC PLANT WITH TES TYPICAL CONFIGURATION FOR ONLINE DC PLANT
•  Deferred cooling production •  Coinciding cooling production/use
•  Storage of the thermal energy for later consumption •  Cooling cost varies with energy cost

STRATIFIED T
CHILLER 1
STORAGE T
TANK
PRODUCTION CHILLER 1
PUMPS

From consumer
From consumer

T
P
To consumer
T LOAD
CHILLER 2
To consumer
LOAD PUMPING
P T
GROUP

From consumer
From consumer
CHILLER 2
CONSUMPTION
PUMPS
T To consumer
T To consumer
LOAD LOAD

Benefits and advantages

•  The overall cost of the installation is lower due to the reduction of the refrigeration plant installed capacity. The refrigeration
equipment size is smaller because it is designed for average loads and not for peaks
•  The operational cost is reduced in comparison with an online cooling system because peak consumption can be avoided
during high electrical tariff periods
•  The environmental impact is reduced because of the reduction of CO2 storing the energy and improving operating efficiency
with the thermal energy storage tank helps to reduce even more the CO2 emissions of a district cooling system
•  The plant dimension of the refrigeration system could be reduced. This is given by the fact that the refrigeration capacity of
energy to be produced by the plant will be lower due to the energy already accumulated in the tank. Therefore, a smaller
refrigeration system can be used

18
CONTROL SYSTEM FOR DC
Integrated Control System

Different components of the District Cooling system need to operate and perform all together as a single and fully integrated
system. The best practice is to integrate into one single Control System all the information regarding the main equipment (chillers,
pumps, heat rejection devices) and the Energy Transfer Stations (ETSs). Even Preventive maintenance management system and
ETSs Consumption billing system can be integrated in the same Control System

ARANER designs and integrates our own control systems. With a very intuitive
and easy-to-use Human Machine Interfaces (HMI) and SCADA’s, full
control and plant integration are achieved. ARANER built a manage control
system architecture utilizing redundant EtherNet/IP as their communication
backbone, as well as other common industrial communication protocols
such Modbus, Profinet or BacNet. As a result, they can seamlessly integrate
with other automation systems and software platforms.

ARANER designs, implements and develops a Safety and Redundant

Systems with the highest specifications from the Industry according to
the project requirement, including since the most basic devices up to the
highest performance equipment. Our control systems are based on latest PAC
(Programmable Automation Controller) technology for highest performance
and durability. Our Control Systems are equipped with a suite of tools that
allow the creation of full customizable features, such as HMI alarms, color
schemes, historical and real-time trending, built in reporting.

Control solutions used by ARANER allows our customers to improve their process and become agiler by simplifying integration,
streamlining commissioning and providing increased operational flexibility and performance.

19
COOLING LOADS CALCULATIONS
When sizing a District Cooling plant, cooling load calculations play a critical role. This is a complex process; calculate the
cooling demand and the plant performance for thousands of different ambient conditions involves great efforts and resources.
With ARANER’s conscientious and experienced, clients can be sure of getting a District Cooling system that will serve perfectly for
many years. ARANER opts to use the more strenuous and reliable complex simulation method because its high accuracy helps
predict the energy performance of a District Cooling system with minimal errors.

We recognize that the cooling equipment may not operate at maximum capacity throughout the day, leave alone the month or
year. That is why we use powerful computer software to determine the ideal cooling load profile. Instead of picking one hour per
day, we consider real weather data hour-by-hour for a complete year. This means that the cooling demand and the cooling plant
performance is calculated for 8,760 different points.

Our collection of data is straightforward, but thorough at the same time. The most important thing about our detailed cooling load
profile is that it describes the variation of the load within time. Some issues may affect this profile and they include:

60,000 200,000

180,000
•  Hours of operation of a facility
50,000
160,000 •  Climate of plant’s location
•  Base loads- computer rooms, telecom closets, etc.
Refrigeration load (TR)

Stored energy (TR·h)

140,000
40,000
120,000

30,000 100,000 It is clear, therefore, that this profile simulation leans towards
80,000 a clearer picture of a complete cooling plant performance.
20,000
60,000 For the best results in District Cooling design and decision-
40,000 making process, a detailed cooling load profile simulation
10,000
20,000 is essential. Only Detailed Cooling Load Profile calculations
0 0 can guarantee that the resulting District Cooling system is
0:00 2:00 4:00 6:00 8:00 10:00 12:00 14:00 16:00 18:00 20:00 22:00
optimally energy efficient, comfortable and satisfactory.
Time 0:00 4:48 9:36 14:24 19:12 0:00 4:48

Demand: (TR) Chiller: (TR) TES Status: (TR·h)

20
STUDY OF CHILLED WATER NETWORK
The recently constructed District Cooling plants, especially
in Middle East, have a total cooling capacity of several dozen
thousands of Refrigeration Tons. These high capacities result in
large chilled water flows which require a thorough analysis of
the water pipe network:

•  Pressure Drop. This is the difference of pressure

between two points of a fluid in the piping network due
to frictional forces. This calculation is necessary to select
the correct size of the pumps for the system

•  Pipe Stress Calculation. It is necessary to determine

if the pipes accomplish with the stress code, determine
the forces that will act in the nozzles of the equipment
and in the pipe supports, etc. This analysis ensures the
mechanical life cycle of the pipe system

•  Water Analysis. The water is studied to prevent corrosion in pipes and equipment.
With this data we make a properly selection of equipment materials, required chemical
products and water treatments

•  Water Hammer Analysis. Water hammer is a pressure surge or wave caused when
a fluid in motion is forced to stop or change direction suddenly. This pressure wave can
cause major problems, from noise and vibration to pipe collapse. We make simulations
in the design phase to avoid these problems during operation

•  Hydraulic Balance. We do studies of hydraulic balance to avoid shortage of service in

any point of the network and to have the equipment in its optimal working point, which
is translated in energy efficiency, saving costs and client satisfaction

21
Potential DC Failures: low delta-t syndrome
Low Delta T Syndrome is a quite common problem in chilled water cooling plants in general. For different reasons, the Delta T
of the actual chilled water flow (supply water temperature minus return water temperature) is lower than the Design value. As
the water flow needed is inversely proportional to the Delta T, low Delta T results in higher required water flow and increase in
the required pumping energy, which adversely affects system efficiency. The Low Delta T phenomenon can be found on both the
Cooling Plant side and Developers/Buildings (consumers) side of the water circuit. The most common causes of low Delta T are:

•  Non-proper functioning of the control system of the Energy Transfer Station

•  Incorrect selection of the Pressure Independent Control valve (PICV)

Both reasons produce that the opening % of the PICV is

higher than actually needed, increasing the water flow
and reducing the Delta T. In order to fight against this
problem, the chilled water supply and return temperatures
must be monitored for both the Cooling Plant side and
Developers/Buildings side. If low Delta T is detected, and
Alarm must inform the District Cooling Plant operator in
order to proceed with the required counter-measures.

The consequence of the low Delta T is an increase in the

electrical consumption of the DC plant and reduction in the
efficiency.

22
RELIABLE DISTRICT COOLING REFERENCE
As reference in the District Energy Sector, ARANER has designed and implemented the District Cooling application (80,000 m3)
with the World Largest Thermal Energy Storage with stratified water in Middle East. This iconic project is projected to be
a reference in the Middle East for similar developments not only because of its aesthetics but also because of its sustainability.

ABDALI DISTRICT COOLING & HEATING DEVELOPED BY

DISTRICT COOLING PARAMETERS
ARANER

Peak Cooling Demand 52,000 TR

Chillers Capacity (Installed Capacity) 21,000 TR
Energy Storage Long-term Thermal Energy Storage Tank with 80,000 m3
Electrical Peak Demand 24,000 kW
Condensation Dry Condensers
Refrigerant R717
Water Consumption No water consumption
Special requirements -
Yearly Energy Consumption 31,520,536 kW·h
Yearly Average Efficiency 0.63 kW/TR
Water Consumption ZERO
 No Water Consumption
 Environmentally Friendly
ADVANTAGES  Low Operation Cost
 Low Maintenance Cost
 Visual Integration in Urban Areas

23
RELIABLE AND EFFICIENT COOLING ENERGY PRODUCTION
DISTRICT COOLING PLANT Scrubber
Water Type
THE PROJECT DIRECT CONDENSATION SOLUTION VFD in ventilation fans
to regulate the air flow

Abdali is Amman's new downtown that provides the Jordanian Due to the water restrictions in Jordan, ARANER developed a solution with ZERO
capital with the central business, social and residential water consumption but with several improvements in order to achieve a yearly
destination it needs as a regional business and tourism hub. efficiency similar to a DC plant with cooling towers. These improvements are as
Plenty of modern and luxury building, towers, residences, follows:
business centers and commercial area have been developed with R717 Condensers
Forced Air Cooled Dry type
a total value of more than 5 billion USD. - Direct Condensation Stainless Steel Tubes transformers
- Industrial grade high efficiency chillers Aluminium finned
The relationship beteen ARANER and Abdali started in 2009 with - Long term storage tank
the installation of a temporary District Cooling Plant with a - Natural and efficient refrigerant Oil Type
capacity of 2,500 TR. Afterwards a new phase of the plant has Transformers
been implemented with a total cooling capacity of 31,500 TR;
and a second phase will be developed in the near future with a
total capacity of 52,000 TR.

Chilled water system

STRATIFIED
STORAGE
TANK
From consumer
ETS1

Low Voltage
T
To consumer
CHILLER 2 CHILLER 1 PRODUCTION
PUMPS

and Medium
T

From consumer
CHILLER 3

Voltage Rooms
CHILLER 4
T
ETS2
P T
To consumer
CHILLER 6 CHILLER 5
T

P From consumer
CHILLER 8 CHILLER 7 ETS3
T T
To consumer

From consumer

STRATIFIED STORAGE
ETSn
CONSUMPTION T
To consumer
PUMPS

TANK with Diffussers

System (80,000m3)
Hot water system

BOILER 5MW
From consumer
ETS1
BOILER 16MW T
To consumer

BOILER 16MW
From consumer
ETS2
BOILER 16MW T
To consumer

BOILER 16MW
From consumer
ETS3
T
BOILER 16MW To consumer

BOILER 16MW From consumer

ETSn
T
* Phase 2 To consumer

1.20

1.10
Plant Efficiency kW/RT

1.00

0.90

0.80

0.70

0.60

0.50
20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42
Water Pumps
Ambient Temp ºC
4 on Duty + 1 Standby
Total Flow: 1,560m3/h

Main Technical Parameters

Global Plant COP............................ 4.51 (0.78 kW/ton)
Boilers
Total refrigeration capacity............ 74,500 kWr Evaporators Compressor units Six of 16,000kW
Chilled Water Temperature............ 4.4 ºC / 13.3 ºC Stainless Steel and Taylor Made Chillers designed and One of 5,000kW
Semi-Welded fabricated in Araner’s Workshop Dual Fuel & Gas Burners
Peak cooling capacity.....................52,000 Ton plate heat exchanger 2,500 TR Screw Compressor Consumption Pumps
Minimum Efficiency= 92%
Storage Capacity............................ 80,000m3 High efficiency and reliability 9 on Duty + 1 Standby Production Pumps
Figure of Merit............................... 0.95 Total flow: 17,630m3/h 5 on Duty + 1 Standby
Total flow: 7,140 m3/h
Type of Storage............................. Water/Stratified
Total heating capacity.................... 100,000 kW
Hot Water Temperature................. 60 ºC / 115 ºC

THE WORLD LARGEST THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE WITH

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STRATIFIED WATER FOR A DISTRICT COOLING APPLICATION
For continual development, ARANER
reserves the right to change
specifications or designs without notice.

©2017 ARANER
Printed in Madrid. Revised January 2017

www.araner.com