[DESIGN REPORT] February 18, 2019

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
 First thing first, our heart full thankfulness goes to almighty GOD, who give us power
and encourage us to achievement our goals.

 We would also like to extend our thanks to the mid wife association in referral hospital,
to give the way how we collect the use of medical equipment.

 We would like also to thank the writers of the books Architects data, Architects
handbook, and Metric hand book for planning data and design .

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LITERATURE REVIEW

General descriptions of the project

A hospital is a health care institution providing patient treatment with specialized staff
and equipment. The best Known type of hospital is the general Hospital, which has an
emergency Department. A district hospital typically is the major health care facility in its
region, with large numbers of beds for intensive Care and long-term care. Specialized
Hospitals include trauma centers, Rehabilitation hospitals, children's Hospitals, seniors'
(geriatric) hospitals, And hospitals for dealing with specific Medical needs such as
psychiatric Problems (see psychiatric hospital) and Certain disease categories. Specialized
Hospitals can help reduce health care Costs compared to general hospitals. A teaching
hospital combines assistance to people with teaching to medical Students and nurses. The
medical facility Smaller than a hospital is generally called A clinic. Hospitals have a range of
Departments (e.g.: surgery and urgent Care) and specialist units such as Cardiology. Some
hospitals have Outpatient departments and some have chronic treatment units. Common
support Units include a pharmacy, pathology, and Radiology.

Hospitals are usually funded by the public Sector, by health organizations (for profit or
nonprofit), by health insurance Companies, or by charities, including direct Charitable
donations. Historically, Hospitals were often founded and funded by religious orders or
charitable Individuals and leaders. Today, hospitals are largely staffed by Professional
physicians, surgeons, and Nurses, whereas in the past, this work was usually performed by
the founding Religious orders or by volunteers. However, there are various Catholic religious
orders, Such as the Alexians and the Bon Secours Sisters that still focus on hospital
ministry today, as well as several other Christian Denominations, including the Methodists
and Lutherans, which run hospitals. In Accordance with the original meaning of The word,
hospitals were originally "places Of hospitality", and this meaning is still Preserved in the
names of some Institutions such as the Royal Hospital Chelsea, established in 1681 as a
Retirement and nursing home for veteran Soldiers.

Hospitals are one of the most complex of building types. A hospital comprises of a wide
range of services and functional units. These include diagnostic and treatment functions,

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such as clinical laboratories, imaging, emergency rooms, and surgery; hospitality functions,
such as food service and housekeeping; and the fundamental inpatient care or bed-related
function.

This diversity is reflected in the extensive requirements for building specifications that
impact on the hospital construction and operations. Each of the wide-ranging and constantly
evolving functions of a hospital, including highly complicated mechanical, electrical, and
telecommunications systems, requires specialized knowledge and expertise.

The functional units within the hospital can have competing needs and priorities. Idealized
scenarios and strongly held individual preferences must be balanced against mandatory
requirements, actual functional needs (internal traffic and relationship to other
departments).

In addition to the wide range of services that must be accommodated, hospitals must
serve and support many different users and stakeholders. The design process of evolving
standard modular design for various categories of health facilities has incorporated direct
input from other key stakeholders early on in the process.

The consultant in his discussions and review has also involved other stakeholders like
patients, visitors, support staff, volunteers and suppliers who do not generally have direct
input into the design. Good hospital design integrates functional requirements with the
human needs of its varied users.

It should now be clear that buildings which accommodate health care delivery can no longer
be described as strictly defined types but rather as a spectrum: at one end we have the
specialist, teaching and research institutions; at the other end the patient’s home. As we
move along the spectrum we move towards implemented on some hospital sites. General
hospitals as a consequence are having to accommodate higher-dependency inpatients and
this suggests the term ‘acute’ to distinguish such hospitals from community hospitals or
other intermediate forms of care. The other consequence of these changes is that the
total number of required beds is dropping and smaller hospitals in particular are being closed.
The sizes of general hospitals can range from 300 to 1000 beds – mostly between 500
and 800 beds – and they provide 24-hour medical and nursing care of the sick and

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disabled. They also supply out-patient services and many now provide day-care facilities
where patients are admitted for simple operations or diagnostic testing, to be returned
home the same day. Selected hospitals will also incorporate an accident and emergency
department.

These are the patient areas of the hospital (the in-patient wards taking up about half of
the total floor area) which are supported, first, by diagnostic and treatment facilities such
as operating theatres and radio-diagnostic departments and, second, by whole hospital
maintenance and support services, providing supplies, food and energy and maintaining the
building fabric.

Types of hospital

Some patients go to a hospital just for Diagnosis, treatment, or therapy and then Leave
('outpatients') without staying overnight; while others are 'admitted' and Stay overnight or
for several days or Weeks or months ('inpatients'). Hospitals usually are distinguished from
other types of medical facilities by their ability to Admit and care for inpatients whilst
the others often are described as clinics.

Types Hospitals

1) General

The best-known type of hospital is the General hospital, which is set up to deal with many
kinds of disease and injury, and normally has an emergency Department (sometimes known
as "Accident & emergency") to deal with Immediate and urgent threats to health. Larger
cities may have several hospitals of varying sizes and facilities. Some Hospitals, especially
in the United States and Canada, have their own ambulance service.

2) District

A district hospital typically is the major Health care facility in its region, with large numbers
of beds for intensive care and Long-term care. In California, "district hospital" refers
specifically to a class of healthcare Facility created shortly after World War II to address
a shortage of hospital beds in many local communities. Even today, District hospitals are
the sole public Hospitals in 19 of California's counties, and are the sole locally-accessible

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hospital Within 9 additional counties in which one or more other hospitals are present at
substantial distance from a local community. Twenty-eight of California's rural hospitals and
20 of its critical access hospitals are District hospitals. California's District hospitals are
formed by local municipalities, have Boards that are individually elected by their local
communities, and exist to serve local needs. They are a particularly important provider of
healthcare to uninsured patients and patients with MediCal (which is California's Medicaid
program, serving low-income persons, some senior citizens, persons with disabilities,
children in foster care, and pregnant women). In 2012, District hospitals provided $54
million in uncompensated care in California.

3) Specialized

Types of specialized hospitals include Trauma centers, rehabilitation hospitals, Children’s

hospitals, seniors' (geriatric) Hospitals, and hospitals for dealing with Specific medical
needs such as psychiatric Problems (see psychiatric hospital), Certain disease categories
such as Cardiac, oncology, or orthopedic problems, And so forth. In Germany specialized
Hospitals are called Fachkrankenhaus; an Example is Fachkrankenhaus Coswig (Thoracic
surgery). A hospital may be a single building or a Number of buildings on a campus. Many
hospitals with pre-twentieth-century origins began as one building and evolved into
campuses. Some hospitals are affiliated with universities for medical research and the
training of medical personnel such as physicians and nurses, often called teaching hospitals.
Worldwide, most hospitals are run on a nonprofit basis by governments or charities. There
are however a few exceptions, e.g. China, where government funding only constitutes 10%
of income of hospitals. (Need citation here. Chinese sources seem conflicted about the
for-profit/non-profit ratio of hospitals in China) Specialized hospitals can help reduce
Health care costs compared to general Hospitals. For example, Narayana Hrudayalaya’s
Bangalore cardiac unit, which is specialized in cardiac surgery, allows for significantly greater
number of patients. It has 3000 beds (more than 20 times the average American hospital)
and in pediatric heart surgery alone, it performs 3000 heart operations annually, making it
by far the largest such facility in the world. Surgeons are paid on a fixed salary instead
of per operation, thus the costs to the hospital drops when the number of procedures

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increases, taking advantage of economies of scale. Additionally, it is argued that costs go

Down as all its specialists become Efficient by working on one "production Line" procedure.

4) Teaching

A teaching hospital combines assistance to people with teaching to medical students and
nurses and often is linked to A medical school, nursing school or University. In some
countries like UK exists the clinical attachment system that is defined as a period of time
when a doctor is attached to a named supervisor in a clinical unit, with the broad aims of
observing clinical practice in the UK and the role of doctors and other healthcare
professionals in the National Health Service (NHS).

5) Clinics

The medical facility smaller than a Hospital is generally called a clinic, and Often is run by
a government agency for Health services or a private partnership of Physicians (in nations
where private Practice is allowed). Clinics generally provide only outpatient services.

Historical Background

International background

Early examples

View of the Askleipion of Kos, the best Preserved instance of an Asklepieion. The earliest
documented institutions aiming to provide cures were ancient Egyptian temples. In ancient
Greece, temples dedicated to the healer-god Asclepius, known as Asclepieia functioned
as centers of medical advice, prognosis, and healing. Asclepeia provided carefully controlled
spaces conducive to healing and fulfilled several of the requirements of institutions created
for healing. Under his Roman name Æsculapius, he was provided with a temple (291 B.C.)
on an island in the Tiber in Rome, where similar rites were performed. Institutions created
specifically to care for the ill also appeared early in India. Fa Xian, a Chinese Buddhist monk
who travelled across India ca. A.D. 400, recorded in his travelogue that: The heads of the
Vaisya [merchant] families in them [all the kingdoms of north India] establish in the cities
houses for dispensing charity and medicine. All the poor and destitute in the country,
orphans, widowers, and childless men, maimed people and cripples, and all who are diseased,

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go to those houses, and are provided with every kind of help, and doctors examine their
diseases. They get the food and medicines which their cases require, and are made to feel
at ease; and when they are better, they go away of themselves. The earliest surviving
encyclopedia of medicine in Sanskrit is the Charakasamhita (Compendium of Charaka ). This
text, which describes the building of a hospital is dated by Dominik Wujastyk of the
University College London from the period between 100 B.C. and A.D. 150. According to Dr.
Wujastyk, the description by Fa Xian is one of the earliest accounts of a civic hospital
system anywhere in the world and, coupled with Caraka's description of how a clinic should
be equipped, suggests that India may have been the first part of the world to have evolved
an organized cosmopolitan system of institutionally-based medical provision. According to
the Mahavamsa, the ancient chronicle of Sinhalese royalty, written in the sixth century A.D.,
King Pandukabhaya of Sri Lanka (reigned 437 B.C. to 367 B.C.) had lying-in-homes and
hospitals (Sivikasotthi-Sala) built in various parts of the country. This is the earliest
documentary evidence we have of institutions specifically dedicated to the care of the
sick anywhere in the world. Mihintale Hospital is the oldest in the world. Ruins of ancient
hospitals in Sri Lanka are still in existence in Mihintale, Anuradhapura, and Medirigiriya. The
Romans constructed buildings called valetudinaria for the care of sick slaves, gladiators,
and soldiers around 100 B.C., and many were identified by later archaeology. While their
existence is considered proven, there is some doubt as to whether they were as
widespread as was once thought, as many were identified only according to the layout of
building remains, and not by means of surviving records or finds of medical tools.

Late Roman Empire

Further information: Byzantine medicine the declaration of Christianity as an accepted

religion in the Roman Empire drove an expansion of the provision of care. Following the
First Council of Nicaea in A.D. 325 construction of a hospital in every cathedral town was
begun. Among the earliest were those built by the physician Saint Sampson in Constantinople
and by Basil, bishop of Caesarea in modern-day Turkey. Called the "Basilias", the latter
resembled a city and included housing for doctors and nurses and separate buildings for
various classes of patients. There was a separate section for lepers. Some hospitals
maintained libraries and training programs, and doctors compiled their medical and

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pharmacological studies in manuscripts. Thus in-patient medical care in the sense of what
we today consider a hospital, was an invention driven by Christian mercy and Byzantine
innovation. Byzantine hospital staff included the Chief Physician (archiatroi), professional
nurses (hypourgoi) and the orderlies (hyperetai). By the twelfth century, Constantinople
had two well-organized hospitals, staffed by doctors who were both male and female.
Facilities included systematic treatment procedures and specialized wards for various
diseases. A hospital and medical training center also existed at Gundeshapur.

Medieval Europe

The church at Les Invalids in France showing the often close connection between historical
hospitals and churches The Romans first introduced hospitals to Britain during the early
Anglo-Saxon period. During this period, hospitals were mainly confined to the domestic
household or existed as small, military hospitals with the function of caring to the sick,
travelers, and of the long-term infirm. More formal hospital institutions came from the
advent of Christianity in A.D. 597 during the late Saxon period, monasteries, nunneries,
and hospitals functioned mainly as a site of charity to the poor.

Medieval Islamic world

The first prominent Islamic hospital was founded in Damascus, Syria in around 707 with
assistance from Christians. However most agree that the establishment at Baghdad was
the most influential; it opened during the Abbasid Caliphate of Harun al-Rashid in the 8th
century. The bimaristan (medical school) and bayt al-hikmah (house of wisdom) were
established by professors and graduates from Gundeshapur and was first headed by the
Christian physician Jibrael ibn Bukhtishu from Gundeshapur and later by Islamic physicians.

Early modern and Enlightenment Europe

In Europe the medieval concept of Christian care evolved during the sixteenth and
seventeenth centuries into a secular one. After the dissolution of the monasteries in 1540
by King Henry VIII the church abruptly ceased to be the supporter of hospitals, and only
by direct petition from the citizens of London, were the hospitals St Bartholomew’s, St
Thomas's and St Mary of Bethlehem's (Bedlam) endowed directly by the crown; this was
the first instance of secular support being provided for medical institutions. A hospital

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ward in sixteenth century France. 1820 Engraving of Guy's Hospital in London one of the
first voluntary hospitals to be established in 1724. The voluntary hospital movement began
in the early 18th century, with hospitals being founded in London by the 1720s, including
Westminster Hospital (1719) promoted by the private bank C. Hoare & Co and Guy's
Hospital (1724) funded from the bequest of the wealthy merchant, Thomas Guy .

19th century

English physician Thomas Percival (1740– 1804) wrote a comprehensive system of medical
conduct, 'Medical Ethics, or a Code of Institutes and Precepts, Adapted to the
Professional Conduct of Physicians and Surgeons (1803) that set the standard for many
textbooks.

In the mid-19th century, hospitals and the medical profession became more professionalized,
with a reorganization of hospital management along more bureaucratic and administrative
lines. The Apothecaries Act 1815 made it compulsory for medical students to practice for
at least half a year at a hospital as part of their training. Florence Nightingale pioneered
the modern profession of nursing during the Crimean War when she set an example of
compassion, commitment to patient care and diligent and thoughtful hospital administration.

Design considerations

1. Area
• A hospital has to be placed:
- In a quiet place,
- On a healthy and flat plot without dust, bad smells, insects…
• Some vacant places have to be planned for future extensions of the hospital.
2. Layout
• A hospital consists of several sectors:
- Treatments, cares, examination,
- Administration,
- Technical and storage zones,
- Waste water discharge,
- Hotel,

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- External areas: park and parking.

• There are two main types of building layouts:
- Wings/Pavilions for specialized sectors,
- A central space and rays.
• It is necessary:
- To differentiate main sectors/annexes/circulation passages,
- To separate hospitalized patients and other patients,
- To minimize distances between services.
• Note that:
- A park is required for acoustic isolation of rooms,
- A maximal partition in isolated sections is required.

3. Plot orientation (in the northern hemisphere)

• Treatment zones and storage locals: in the North, North-West or North-East.

• Patients’ rooms: in the South or South-East.

• However, few patients’ rooms have to be placed in the North (no direct sun light).

4. Number of beds and dimensioning of the hospital

• The required number of beds depends on the number of inhabitants.

• Number of patients in one year for 1 000 inhabitants:

- 200 in all hospitals,

- 174 in emergency hospitals,

- 26 in specialized hospitals.

• Number of beds for 1 000 inhabitants:

- 11 in all hospitals,

- 8 in emergency hospitals,

- 4 in specialized hospitals.

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• Average duration of hospitalization:

- 18 days in all hospitals,

- 14 days in emergency hospitals,

- 49 days in specialized hospitals.

• Required area/volume for one bed (for the whole built area/volume including annexes,
technical and storage rooms):

- Area: from 70 m2 to 100 m2,

- Volume: from 200 m3 to 280 m3.

• Area sharing in a common hospital (advised): Ea= effective area

5. Entrances
• Main entrance:
- Only one main entrance,
- Secondary entrances have to be pointed out apart (hygiene measures).
• Entrance hall:
- Conceived as a waiting room for visitors (principle of open doors),
- Like a hotel hall, - Its size depends of number of beds,
- Different ways (for patients, visitors, and staff) separated from the
entrance hall,
- Reception (12 m2): with a reception desk to supervise entrances and
circulation ways.
• Entrances for laying patients:
- For admission, a closed hall and an entrance slope are required; they have
to be separated from the entrance hall but visible from the reception,
- Shorts connections with emergencies separated from main circulation ways
are required.
6. Circulation
• Circulation ways have to be dimensioned for the most important circulation.
- Access passages: 1.5m wide,

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- Passages for lying patients’ transfer: 2.25m wide minimum,

- Ceilings in passages: 2.40m high minimum,
- Maximal distance between two windows in a passage way: 25m,
- Width of passage ways mustn’t be reduced by any object or post,
- According to the regulations fire doors are required in passage ways.
• Doors:
- Coverings have to be resistant to the maintenance and disinfectant
products.
- The same sound insulation as the one for walls is required: a leaf with two
walls can absorb noises up to 27 dB minimum. - Height of doors: 2.1-2.2m,
- Height of over designed doors for cars: 2.5m,
- Height of doors for the passage of transport vehicles: 2.7-2.8m,
- Minimal height of doors for access to a hall for lying people: 3.5m.
7. Circulation for handicapped people
• Circulation in a wheelchair requires a specific design of the circulation ways
- Passages: 1.30m wide minimum, better if 2m wide,
- Doors: 0.95m wide minimum, a magnetic closure is advised,
- Switches, handles, windows closure... have to be within easy reach: 1-1.05m
high,
- Wide pushbuttons are required,
- Access ways: 1.20-2m wide,
- Slopes: 5% maximum, 6m long maximum,
- Width between handrails: 1.20m.
• Connections have to be as short as possible.
8. Duration of use
• Equipment and second work have to be changed every 10-15 years. So a
sufficient space has to be planned for assembling and dismantling.
General Standards
Corridors
Corridors must be designed for the maximum expected circulation flow. Generally,
access must be at least 1.50m wide. Corridors in which patients will be transported

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on trolleys should have a minimum effective width of 2.25m. The suspended ceiling
in the corridors may be installed up to 2.40m. Windows for lighting and ventilation
should not be further than 25m apart. The effective width of the corridors must
not be constricted by projections, columns or other building elements. Smoke doors
must be installed in ward corridors in accordance with local regulations.

Doors
When designing doors the hygiene requirements should be considered. The surface
coating must withstand the long term action of cleaning agents and disinfectants,
and they must be designed to prevent the transmission of sound, odors and
draughts. Doors must meet the same standard of noise insulation as the walls
surrounding them. A double-skinned door leaf construction must meet a
recommended minimum sound reduction requirement of 25dB. The clear height of
doors depends on their type and function.

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Normal doors 2.10-2.20m

Vehicle entrances, oversized doors 2.50m
Transport entrances 2.70-2.80m
Minimum height on approach roads 3.50m
Stairs
For safety reasons stairs must be designed in such a way that if necessary they
can accommodate all the vertical circulation. The relevant national safety and building
regulations will, of course, apply. Stairs must have handrails on both sides without
projecting tips. Winding staircases cannot be included as part of the regulatory
staircase provision. The effective width of the stairs and landings in essential
staircases must be a minimum of 1.50m and should not exceed 2.50m. Doors must
not constrict the useful width of the landings and, in accordance with hospital
regulations, doors to the staircases must open in the direction of escape.
Step heights of 170mm are permissible and the minimum required tread depth is
280mm. It is better to a rise/tread ratio of 150:300mm.
Lifts
Lifts transport people, medicines, laundry, meals and hospital beds between floors,
and for hygiene and aesthetic reasons separate lifts must be provided for some
of these. In buildings in which care, examination or treatment areas are
accommodated on upper floors, at least two lifts suitable for transporting beds
must be provided. The elevator cars of these lifts must be a size that allows
adequate room for a bed and two accompanying people; the internal surfaces must
be smooth, washable and easy to disinfect; the floor must be non-slip. lift shafts
must be fire resistant.
One multipurpose lift should be provided per 100 beds, with a minimum of two for
smaller hospitals. In addition there should be a minimum of two smaller lifts for
portable equipment, staff and visitors
Clear dimensions of lift car: 0.90x1.20m
Clear dimensions of shaft: 1.25x1.50m

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Picture 1: Specific design of circulation ways for handicapped people

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II. Specialized services

1. Surgical services
• Localization:
- Generally speaking surgical units have a central localization in the hospital.
- Surgical services have to be placed close to emergencies, intensive cares
services, waking units and sterilization services. Short connections between
those services are required, particularly with emergencies units.
- Hygiene standards require a disconnection between surgical units and
other services: tambours are advised for this separation.
• Organization of a surgical unit:
- Operating room: 40-48 m2
- Ante-operating room: 15-20 m2
- Post-operating room: 15-20 m2
- Cleaning room: 12-15 m2
- Implement room: 10-15 m2
• Are required:
- An airlock for staff,
- An airlock for patients,
- Sterilized passages for work,
- An anesthesia local,
- An airlock for distribution and evacuation,
- A local for nurses,
- A waiting room,
- A waking room.
• 35 m2 more are required (in the airlock for patients if possible) for:
- Changing of beds,
- Preparation and storage of operating tables,
- Wash basins.
• A two-passage circulation:
- A separation between different working units is required to reduce germs
transmission,

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- A separation between circulation of non-sterilized and sterilized patients

and implements is also required.

Operating room:
- A squared room is advised,
- Height of artificial lighting: 3m +0.7m for ventilation and electric fittings,
- Shades are required,
- Safety electrical supply: 1.20m above the floor minimum,
- Operating rooms have to be fit with a mobile ceiling fixture,
- Uniformly smooth and easily washable walls and floors.
• Post-operating room:
- 3.80 m x 3.80 m
- Fit up like the ante-operating room: a refrigerator, washtubs, cupboards,
connectors for anesthesia implements, a safety generator,
- A pivoted door, 1.25m wide, opening on the working passage,
- A sliding door with a glazed oculus and an electrical control, opening on the
operating room, 1.40m wide, is required.
• Local for sterilized implements:
- 10 m2 fit up with shelves,
- A direct connection with the operating room is advised.

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• Apparatus room:

- 20 m2, close to the operating room,

- A direct connection is advised.
• Sterilization room:
- A direct connection with the operating room is required,
- Two different sides are required: a non-sterilized side with non-sterilized
implements and a sterilized one,
- Fit up with a sink, working and storage areas.
• Plaster casts room:
- For hygiene standards: not localized in the operating unit, but in cares
services,
- In case of emergency, the patient has to go through a airlock to enter
the operating room.
• Waking room:
- It is advised to avoid a too important proximity between beds,
- A bed has to be accessible on 3 sides for the anesthetist and care
apparatus,
- Supply in vacuum, oxygen and electricity is required,
- Several doors between the waking room and the operating one are
required.

Postoperative cares – watching of patients

• Waking room:
- This room has to be planned for receiving patients from different
operating units,
- Number of beds: 1.5 x number of operating rooms,
- Natural lighting is required for the patient,
- An annexed room is required for nurses (fit up with a sink and a large
pane for observation of patients).
• Nurses local:
- The area depends on the size of surgical services,

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- 8 persons per operating team,

- Fit up with cupboards, sinks and chairs.
• Office of the head of nurses:
- A central localization is required,
- It has to be glazed on the passage way,
- Fit up with a board and a cupboard,
- An annexed local for debriefings can be planned (5 m2)
• Medicines local:
- Revolving shelves are advised for storing medicines.
• Cleaning local:
- 5 m2, close to the operating room,
- An area for disinfected beds is required.
- An area close to the patients’ tambour has to be planned for preparing
disinfected beds and storing a clean bed per operating room.
• Annexes:
- They have to be served by proper passages that aren’t designed for
patients’ circulation.
- In annexes: sliding doors, 1m wide.
• Toilets
- Only in the airlock area, not in the operating room for hygiene standard.
2. Intensive cares
• Organization of intensive cares units:
- An airlock,
- A room for registration and administration,
- A secretary’s office: nurses have to watch the arrival of patients,
medicines…
- Cares units,
- Annexes and staff rooms.
• For one care unit:
- 6-10 beds,
- An office for nurses,

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- A care room (to prepare medicines),

- A local for apparatus,
- In general: 1 chamber for 2-3 beds with visual partition between beds.

• Annexes:
- An operating room (for slight operations): 25-30 m2
- A laboratory,
- A sterilization local: 20 m2
- A local for non-sterilized apparatus,
- A local for sterilized apparatus,
- A cleaning local.

• Hygiene standards

- Beds have to be accessible on 3 sides,

- Supply in vacuum, oxygen and electricity (low and high current) is required
for each bed.

3. Treatment zone including beds

• For one unit: 18-24 patients.

• Rooms:

- With 1, 2 or 3 beds,

- Fit up with toilets, a shower or a bath (no separated showers),

- With natural light,

- Beds have to be accessible on 3 sides,

- For each bed: a bedside table, a table (90cm x 90cm), a chair and a cupboard
built into the wall. This cupboard has to be opened without moving any sanitarian piece of
furniture.

- On each head of bed a supply of fluids (oxygen, pressured air, and vacuum)
is required,

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- A wooden or synthetic protective strip has to cover all the walls in chambers
and passages,

- An acoustic insulation (up to 32dB) is advised.

• Dimension of a room: 3.20m wide minimum

- With 1 bed: 10 m2 minimum,

- With 2 or 3 beds: 8 m2 per bed,

- Each bed has to be evacuated out of the chamber without moving the other ones,

- Doors of the chambers: 1.25 x 2.13 m2; an electric closure is advised.

• In the washroom: specific design for wheelchairs:

- Height of the dressing table: 86cm minimum

- Height of the toilet: 49cm

• Shared washrooms for patients:

- Bath with an elevator, accessible on 3 sides.

• An office for nurses:

- Central localization,

- Area: 25-30 m2

- Glazed on the passage way

- Regulated access to a local for the storage of medicines

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• Sterilized local:

- Required for a group of 6 beds,

- Area: 8-10 m2

- Direct access for the staff from the room,

- Fit up with a washbasin, cupboards, and a lit desk.

• Non sterilized local:

- Area: 10 m2 minimum,

- Fit up with cupboards.

• Technical local:

- Area: 8 m2

- Fit up with a secondary electric supply.

• Room for the doctor on duty:

- Fit up for examination of patients: an examination bed and cupboards.

• Relaxation room: 15 m2 Shared room for patients: area of 22-25 m2

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Case Studies

Local case study

Bahir Dar University Hospital

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International case study

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HOSPITAL DESIGN

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References

 HAND BOOK TO BUILD A HOSPITAL: FRENCH RED CROSS, MALE

MALDIVES, 2006
 EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT: HERMAN MILLER, 1999
 METERIC HANDBOOK PLANNING AND DESIGN DATA: 2ND EDITION, DAVID
ADLER, 1999
 HOSPITAL BUILDERS: TONY MONK, WILEY ACADEMY, 2004
 ARCHITECTS DATA ERNST AND PETER NEUFERT: THIRD EDITION, 2003
 THE ARCHITECT’S HANDBOOK: QUENTIN PICKARD, BLACK WELL
PUBLISHER, 2003
 BAHIR DAR UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL: HANS FORSSLUND, 2015

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