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BS 8110-1:1997
Chapter 07 – Lesson 4
Design of Continuous Beam Sections for
Flexure
F. M. M Abdullah
Chapter 07. Lesson 4 REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN TO BS 8110-1:1997
CHAPTER 07 – LESSON 04
DESIGN OF CONTINUOUS BEAMS FOR FLEXURE
7.2 INTRODUCTION
Continuous beams are used in structural designs when three or more spans exists. Continuous beam occur
frequently in cast in-situ construction when a single span of construction is linked to adjacent span.
Bending moment of continuous beams does not confine to a single span only but it will affect the whole
system.
The design of a continuous beam sections is based on an analysis to determine maximum sagging and
hogging moments and shear forces in the members. Note that the sagging moment and hogging moments
occurs at middle of span while hogging moment occurs at support. Causing tension zone at the bottom at
middle and top of the beam section respectively.
Prepared By:
F. M. M Abdullah
B.Tech (Civil Eng) (Hons) (OUSL), MSc (Structural) (Reading), AMIE(SL)
pg. 1
Chapter 07. Lesson 4 REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN TO BS 8110-1:1997
When sagging moment occurs, the beam and slab act together and hence the beam can be designed as
having T section. At supports, the beam must be designed as rectangular sections because hogging
moment at this point can cause tension in the slab. Therefore, tension reinforcement must be provided
near middle span. The bottom section (termed as bottom steel) and top section (termed as top steel) at
supports. Note that, to ensure continuity, reinforcement must be extended beyond the points that they
required
Top steel
Bottom steel
For continuous beams, the load acting at a particular span is not necessarily the same as that acting at
other span. Therefore, the bending moment and shear forces at the supports and middle span will always
vary according to the load they actually carry. This aspect should be taken into account when designing,
by assigning the most severe loading case at any section t give the maximum bending moment and shear
force possible. The selection of the critical load arrangements should be carried out according to clause
3.2.1.2.2, BS 8110
Prepared By:
F. M. M Abdullah
B.Tech (Civil Eng) (Hons) (OUSL), MSc (Structural) (Reading), AMIE(SL)
pg. 2
Chapter 07. Lesson 4 REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN TO BS 8110-1:1997
Clause 3.2.1.2.2
There are three different methods that can be used to determine the bending moments and shear force.
They are as follows
Using the bending and shear force coefficient given by BS 8110
Elastic analysis using moment distribution
Computer analysis
Before we use the table there are conditions which must be satisfied. See Clause 3.4.3
The beams should be approximately equal span
The characteristic imposed load Qk may not exceed the characteristic dead load.
Loads should be substantially uniformly distributed over a three or more spans
Variations in span length should not exceed 15% of the longest
Prepared By:
F. M. M Abdullah
B.Tech (Civil Eng) (Hons) (OUSL), MSc (Structural) (Reading), AMIE(SL)
pg. 3
Chapter 07. Lesson 4 REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN TO BS 8110-1:1997
ACTIVITY
Example No 01
Prepared By:
F. M. M Abdullah
B.Tech (Civil Eng) (Hons) (OUSL), MSc (Structural) (Reading), AMIE(SL)
pg. 4
Chapter 07. Lesson 4 REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN TO BS 8110-1:1997
The design code BS 8110 permits the use of approximate analysis techniques in which the structure can be
considered as a series of sub-frames. The complexity of the sub-frames considered (i.e. the extent to which
various columns and beams are included) is given in Clauses 3.2.1.2.1 to 3.2.1.2.5 for monolithic frames
not providing lateral stability, e.g. as shown in Figure 5.75 (where the shear walls resist the lateral wind
loads).
In Clause 3.2.1.3.1 and Clause 3.2.1.3.2 provisions are given for frames providing lateral stability. Consider
the multi-storey frame indicated in Figure 5.77 in which it is assumed that the lateral loading is resisted
by separate elements not indicated, such as shear cores. The slabs, beams and columns transfer only
vertical loads by rigid-frame action.
Prepared By:
F. M. M Abdullah
B.Tech (Civil Eng) (Hons) (OUSL), MSc (Structural) (Reading), AMIE(SL)
pg. 5
Chapter 07. Lesson 4 REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN TO BS 8110-1:1997
Clause 3.2.1.2.3 (Alternative simplification for individual beams and associated columns)
Clause 3.2.1.2.5 (Assymmetrically loaded column where a beam has been analyzed in
accordance with 3.2.1.2.4)
Prepared By:
F. M. M Abdullah
B.Tech (Civil Eng) (Hons) (OUSL), MSc (Structural) (Reading), AMIE(SL)
pg. 6
Chapter 07. Lesson 4 REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN TO BS 8110-1:1997
Example No 01
The arrangement of a continuous, is shown below
2.0 m
2.0 m
The width of the beam is 300 mm and the overall depth is 660 mm. It has three equal spans of 5.0
m each. The beam is arranged at 4.0 m from centre to centre, while the thickness of the slab is 180
mm. The imposed live load qk on the beam is 50 kN/m and the dead load gk inclusive of self-
weight of the beam is 85 kN/m. The characteristic strength of materials are f cu = 30 N/mm2, fy =
460 N/mm2 and fyv = 250 N/mm2. Assume that the mild exposure for the beam and the nominal
cover of 25 mm.
Use the table given in BS 8110 to calculate bending moments
Example No 02
The plan and elevation of the structure shown in the next page relate to a proposed structural layout of a
three-storied building for a school. Design the first floor slab, assuming all the loads are uniformly
distributed. Following loading values are to be applicable for the structure. Design the beam along
section X-X for flexure only
Structural loadings:
Characteristic Dead Load gk = 0.75 kN/m2 Section Properties
Consider dead loads of slab and beam Columns (mm) 300 x 300
Prepared By:
F. M. M Abdullah
B.Tech (Civil Eng) (Hons) (OUSL), MSc (Structural) (Reading), AMIE(SL)
pg. 7
Chapter 07. Lesson 4 REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN TO BS 8110-1:1997
Material properties
Prepared By:
F. M. M Abdullah
B.Tech (Civil Eng) (Hons) (OUSL), MSc (Structural) (Reading), AMIE(SL)
pg. 8
Chapter 07. Lesson 4 REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN TO BS 8110-1:1997
SUMMARY
Prepared By:
F. M. M Abdullah
B.Tech (Civil Eng) (Hons) (OUSL), MSc (Structural) (Reading), AMIE(SL)
pg. 9
Chapter 07. Lesson 4 REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN TO BS 8110-1:1997
SELF-ASSESSMENT
Material properties
Main Steel Grade 'fy' [N/mm2] 460 Brick (assume 225 thk) (kN/m2) 15
Secondary Steel Grade 'fyv' [N/mm2] 250 Beam (mm) 300 x 450
Fire resistance 1 hr
EXERCISE 01
The figure given below show section of a beam and floor slab of a building. Design the beam along section
B-B for flexure only
Prepared By:
F. M. M Abdullah
B.Tech (Civil Eng) (Hons) (OUSL), MSc (Structural) (Reading), AMIE(SL)
pg. 10
Chapter 07. Lesson 4 REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN TO BS 8110-1:1997
EXERCISE NO 03
The figure given below show section of a beam and floor slab of a building. Design the beam along
section 01-01 for flexure only
ADDITIONAL NOTES
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Prepared By:
F. M. M Abdullah
B.Tech (Civil Eng) (Hons) (OUSL), MSc (Structural) (Reading), AMIE(SL)
pg. 11
Chapter 07. Lesson 4 REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN TO BS 8110-1:1997
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Prepared By:
F. M. M Abdullah
B.Tech (Civil Eng) (Hons) (OUSL), MSc (Structural) (Reading), AMIE(SL)
pg. 12
Chapter 07. Lesson 4 REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN TO BS 8110-1:1997
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Prepared By:
F. M. M Abdullah
B.Tech (Civil Eng) (Hons) (OUSL), MSc (Structural) (Reading), AMIE(SL)
pg. 13