Assignment

1) A conical draft tube having inlet and outlet diameters 1.2 m and 1.8 m discharges water at outlet
with a velocity of 3 m/s. The total length of the draft tube is 7.2 m and 1.44 m of the length of
the draft tube is immersed in water. If the atmospheric pressure head is 10.3 m of water and loss
of head due to friction in the draft tube is equal to 0.2 × velocity head at outlet of the tube,
determine:
a) Pressure head at inlet, and
b) Efficiency of the draft tube
2) The water available for a Pelton wheel is 4 m3/s and the total head from the reservoir to the
nozzle is 250 m. The turbine has two runners with two jets per runner. All the four jets have the
same diameters. The pipe is 3 km long. The efficiency of transmission through the pipeline and
the nozzle is 91% and efficiency of each runner is 90%. The velocity coefficient of each nozzle
is 0.975 and coefficient of friction ‘4f’ for the pipe is 0.0045. Determine:
a) The power developed by the turbine
b) The diameter of the jet, and
c) The diameter of the pipeline
3) The following data pertain to an Francis turbine:
Net head 86.4 m
Speed of the runner 650 r.p.m
Shaft power available 397 kW
Ratio of wheel width to wheel diameter at inlet 0.1
Ratio of inner diameter to outer diameter 0.5
Flow ratio 0.17
Hydraulic efficiency 95%
Overall efficiency 85%
Flow velocity constant
Discharge Radial
Neglecting blockage by blades, find the dimensions and blade angles of the turbine.
4) A quarter scale turbine model is tested under a head of 10.8 m. The full-scale turbine is required
to work under a head of 30 m and to run 7.14 r.p.s. At what speed must the model run? If it
develops 100 kW and uses 1.085 m3 of water per second at this speed, what power will be
obtained from full-scale turbine? The efficiency of full scale turbine being 3% greater than that
of the model? What is the dimensionless specific speed of the full-scale turbine?
5) Evolve a formula for the specific speed of a Pelton wheel in the following form:
d
Ns  k   
D

where Ns = specific speed, η = overall efficiency, d = diameter of jet, D = wheel diameter, and k
= constant.
6) Show that the hydraulic efficiency for a Francis turbine having velocity of flow through runner
as constant is given by the relation:
1
h 
1
tan 2 
1 2
 tan  
1  
 tan  
where α = Guide blade angle and θ = Runner vane angle at inlet.
The turbine is having radial discharge at outlet.
7) A Pelton wheel has to be designed for the following data. Power to be developed is 6000 kW,
net head available is 300 m, speed: 550 rpm, ratio of jet diameter to wheel diameter is (1/10)
and overall efficiency is 85%. Assuming coefficient of velocity of nozzle as 0.98 and speed
ratio as 0.46, find number of jets required.