Deriving a formula for 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝛼−𝛽) How to deriving a formula for 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝛼−𝛽)

Formula for cos(𝛼+𝛽)

Formulae for cos(𝛼+𝛽) and sin(𝛼±𝛽) Formula for sin(𝛼+𝛽)
Formula for sin(𝛼−𝛽)
Formula for sin2𝛼
Double angles
Formula for 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝛼
Identities • Proving identities
• Finding the value(s) for which the identity is
not defined
Equations
Equations with compound and double angles
Trigonometric graphs and compound angles Drawing and working with graphs of
compound angles

REMEMBER YOUR STUDY APPROACH SHOULD BE:

1 Work through all examples in this chapter.
2 Work through the notes in this chapter .
3 Do the exercises at the end of the chapter.
4 Do the mixed exercises at the end of this chapte.

1
BASIC TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS

YOU HAVE TO KNOW IN WHICH QUADRANT AN ANGLES LIES AND WHICH RATIO (AND ITS
INVERSE) IS POSITIVE THERE:

2
REDUCTION FORMULAE

3
Compound angles

Compound angles

4
Compound angles

5
 Work with LHS and RHS separately
 Write DOUBLE angles as SINGLE angles
 Watch out for SQUARE IDENTITIES
 Write everything in terms of sin and cos
 When working with fractions, put EVERYTHING over the LCD
 Be on the lookout for opportunities to FACTORISE, e.g.
 2 sin ∝ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 ∝ −𝑠𝑖𝑛 ∝= 𝑠𝑖𝑛 ∝ (2𝑐𝑜𝑠 ∝ −1)
 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 ∝ −𝑠𝑖𝑛2 ∝= (𝑐𝑜𝑠 ∝ −𝑠𝑖𝑛 ∝)(𝑐𝑜𝑠 ∝ +𝑠𝑖𝑛 ∝)
 2𝑠𝑖𝑛2 ∝ +𝑠𝑖𝑛 ∝ −1 = (2𝑠𝑖𝑛 ∝ −1)(2𝑠𝑖𝑛 ∝ +1)
 It is sometimes necessary to replace 𝟏 with 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 ∝ +𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 ∝

 E.g. sin 2 ∝ +1 = 2𝑠𝑖𝑛 ∝ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 ∝ +𝑠𝑖𝑛2 ∝ +𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 ∝= (𝑠𝑖𝑛 ∝ +𝑐𝑜𝑠 ∝)2

6
 FINDING THE GENERAL SOLUTION OF A TRIGONOMETRIC EQUATION
STEP EXAMPLES OF HOW TO APPLY STEP
Get trig ratio (sin/ cos/ tan) alone on 1 2sin3x=0.4
LHS 𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑥 = 0.2
2 1
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 = −0.2
3
One value alone on RHS
cos x = −0.6
2 tan(𝑥 − 10°) + 3 = 0
3
3
tan(𝑥 − 10°) = −
2
Now use RHS consisting of a: 1 sin 3𝑥 = +0,2
SIGN (+ or -) and a VALUE The + indicates the 1st and 2nd
quadrant, where sin is positive.
2 Reference angle = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 −1 = 11.54°
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 = −0,6
Indicates Get reference The - indicates the 2nd and 3rd
Quadrant angle using: 3 quadrant, where cos is negative.
𝒔𝒊𝒏−𝟏 (+𝒗𝒂𝒍𝒖𝒆) Reference angle = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 = 53,13°
−3
𝒄𝒐𝒔−𝟏 (+𝒗𝒂𝒍𝒖𝒆) 𝑡𝑎𝑛(𝑥 − 10°) = 2
𝒐𝒓 𝒕𝒂𝒏−𝟏 (+𝒗𝒂𝒍𝒖𝒆) The - indicates the 2nd and 4th
quadrant, where tan is negative.
Reference angle = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 −1 = 56,31°

7
The angle in the trig equations will be
equated to the following in the
respective quadrants:
1 2𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑥 = 0,4
𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑥 = 0,2
1𝑠𝑡 ∶ 3𝑥 = 11,54° + 𝑘360° ; 𝑘 ∈ 𝑍
𝑥 = 3,85° + 𝑘120° 𝑂𝑅
2nd 3𝑥 = 180° − 11,54° + 𝑘360°

2 𝑥 = 56,15° + 𝑘120°

1
Then solve for 𝒙 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 = −0,2
3
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 = −0,6
2nd : 𝑥 = 180° − 53,13° + 𝑘360°; 𝑘 ∈
𝑍
3 𝑥 = 126,87° + 𝑘360° 𝑂𝑅
3rd : 𝑥 = 180° + 53,13° + 𝑘360° 𝑥 =
233,13° + 𝑘360°
2 tan(𝑥 − 10°) + 3 = 0
3
𝑡𝑎𝑛(𝑥 − 10°) = −
2
2nd : 𝑥 − 10° = 180° − 56,31° +
𝑘180°;
𝑘∈𝑍
𝑥 = 133,69° + 𝑘180°

8
 EQUATIONS INVOLVING
TWO TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

9
10
 PROBLEMS WITH COMPOUND-ANGLES TO BE DONE WITHOUT A
CALCULATOR

1. Write given information in form where trig function is ALONE on LHS

2. Select QUADRANT and draw TRIANGLE in correct quadrant (2 sides of triangle will be known)
3. Use the Theorem of PYTHAGORAS to determine 3rd side
4. Now work with the expression of which you need to find the value: write all compound or
double angles in terms of SINGLE ANGLES
5. Now SUBSTITUTE VALUES from diagram(s) and SIMPLIFY

Example:

SOLUTION:

−12
sin ∝=
13
sin negative in 3rd and 4th quadrant. But ∝∈ [90°; 270°], so 3rd quadrant.

Using Pythagoras  𝑥 2 = (13)2 − (12)2 = 169 − 144 = 25 ∴ 𝑥 = √25 = 5

11
cos positive in 1st and 4th quadrant. But 𝛽 > 90, so 4th quadrant.

Using Pythagoras  𝑥 2 = (13)2 − (5)2 = 169 − 25 = 144 ∴ 𝑦 = √144 = 12

 𝑦 = −12

12
Mixed Exercise on Compound angles

13
14
 REMEMBER YOUR STUDY APPROACH SHOULD BE:
1 Work through all examples in this chapter.
2 Work through the notes in this chapter .
3 Do the exercises at the end of the chapter.
4 Do the mixed exercises at the end of this chapte.

REMEMEBER : WHATSAPP QUESTIONS!!!!!!

15
MEMO

16
17
18
19
20