INDONESIA HISTORY

O OF RENGASDENGKLOK

Group’s members:
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SMA NEGERI 2 DENPASAR

 Rengasdengklok
INCIDENT

A. Background (Intro)

The Rengasdengklok incident was a “kidnapping”

event carried out by a number of young figures such as
Soekarni, Wikana, Aidit and Chaerul Saleh from the
“Menteng 31” association of Soekarno and Hatta. The
incident occured on August 16th 1945 at 04.00 WIB.
Soekarno and Hatta were taken to Rengasdengklok,
Karawang to be urged to expedite the proclamation of
independence of the Republic of Indonesia. Through the
agreement between the old groups represented by
Sukarno and Hatta and Mr. Achmad Subardjo with a
young group of when the proclamation will be
implemented.
Faced with such pressure, Soekarno and Hatta
remain volatile. Meanwhile in Jakarta, Chairul and his
colleagues have devised a plan to seize power. But
what has been planned is not successfully executed
because not all members of the MAP supports the plan.
Proclamation of independence has declared on Friday,
August 17th 1945 at Soekarno’ house because that is
the safest place to avoid Japanese soldiers.
B. The Patriots

Was born on June, 6th

1901. Soekarno is Indonesia's
first president who served two
terms from 1945 to 1966. He
played an important role for
the liberation of Indonesia
from Dutch colonialism. He is
a digger Pancasila. He was
proclaimed Indonesian
independence (along with
Mohammad Hatta) which
occurred on August 17, 1945.
 Soekarno was the only son of a poor Javanese
schoolteacher, Raden Sukemi Susrodihardjo, and his
Balinese wife, Ida Njoman Rai. Originally named
Kusnasosro, he was given a new and, it was hoped,
more auspicious name, Soekarno, after a series of
illnesses. Known to his looks, spirits, and powerness, he
was as an adult best known as Bung Karno (bung,
“brother” or “comrade”), the revolutionary hero and
architect of independence. As a youth of 15, Sukarno
was "intensely modern" both in architecture and in
politics.
He despised both the traditional Javanese
feudalism, which he considered "backward" and to
blame for the fall of the country under Dutch
occupation and exploitation, and the imperialism
practised by Western countries, which he termed as
"exploitation of humans by other humans". He blamed
this for the deep poverty and low levels of education of
Indonesian people under the Dutch. To promote
nationalistic pride amongst Indonesians, Soekarno
interpreted these ideas in his dress, in his urban
planning for the capital (eventually Jakarta ) and in his
socialist politics.

On July 4th 1927, Soekarno founded the PNI

(Indonesian National Party) to achieve the
independence. His charisma and intelligence made him
famous as an orator who can excite people. Dutch feel
threatened by the attitude of his nationalism. In
December 1929, Soekarno and other PNI leaders were
arrested and imprisoned. PNI itself dissolved and
changed into PARTINDO. His struggles continued after
he was released, but in August 1933, the proclamator
of Indonesian re-arrested and exiled to Ende, Flores,
then moved to Bengkulu.

Soekarno was released when the Japanese took

over the Dutch. Japan called Ir. Soekarno, Mohammad
Hatta, Ki Hajar Dewantara and K.H. Mas Mansur
founded PUTERA (Pusat Tenaga Rakyat) for the benefit
of Japan. However, more precisely PUTERA fight for the
people’s interests. As a result, Japan disperses PUTERA.
When his position in the Asia Raya started recessive
War Allies, the Japanese established BPUPKI. At the
hearing BPUPKI on June 1st 1945, Soekarno put forward
the idea of a basic State called Pancasila or Five
Principles (nationalism, internationalism, democracy,
social prosperity, and belief in God). After BPUPKI
disbanded, he was appointed as chairman of PPKI. After
that Japan call Soekarno, Hatta, and Radjiman
Wedyodiningrat to Ho Chi Minh City in Vietnam to meet
with General Terauchi to discuss the issue of
Indonesian independence. After returning to Indonesia,
Soekarno and Hatta were kidnapped by youths who had
heard the news of the defeat of Japan’s and brought to
Rengasdengklok for proclamation the independence of
the Republic of Indonesia.

Mohammad Hatta was

born in Bukittinggi, West
Sumatra, Indonesia, on
August 12, 1902. Although
his father died while he was
an infant, he was raised in a
secure, well-to-do family
environment which
 encouraged scholarly
achievement and
faithfulness to Islam. These
characteristics became his
signature during his career
as one of the foremost
intellectuals in the Afro-
Asian anti colonial
movement.
He was an Indonesian politician who served as its
first vice president. Known as "The Proclamator", he
and a number of Indonesians, including the first
president of Indonesia, Sukarno, fought for the
independence of Indonesia from the Dutch.
Hatta started his education at a private school
named Sekolah Melayu. Then he went to ELS (European
Language School). He continued his school to MULO
(Meer Uitgebreid Lager Onderwijs). Hatta began to
show his interested in politics and national movement
since he was sixteen years old. He joined Jong
Sumatranen Bond and he was chosen as the treasurer.
In 1919, Hatta went to Hogere Burgerschool (HBS) in
Batavia (Jakarta). He finished his study with distinction
in 1921 and he was allowed to continue his study to
Rotterdam School of Commerce in Netherlands.
In Netherlands Hatta joined the Indische
Vereeniging. In 1922, Indische Vereeniging changed its
named to Indonesische Vereeniging (Perhimpoenan
Indonesia). Hatta was the treasurer from 1922-1925
and then he became the chairman from 1926-1930.
Perhimpoenan Indonesia then changed from a student
organization to political organization that demand for
Indonesia’s Independence. It expressed its voice
through a magazine called Indonesia Merdeka of which
Hatta was the editor. Hatta attended congresses all over
Europe to gain more support from other nations, he
always as the chairman of Indonesia delegation. By the
middle of 1927, Perhimpoenan Indonesia’s activites had
alarmed the Dutch authorities. On June 1927, Dutch
authorities put Hatta and four other Indonesian activists
in jail. In 1929, Hatta and other Perhimpoenan
Indonesia activists were released.

Between 1932 and 1933, Hatta wrote articles on

politics and economics for the New PNI's newspaper
Daulat Rakyat (The People's Authority). These articles
were aimed at training new cadres for Indonesia's
leadership. Hatta seemed to be extremely critical of
Sukarno at this point in time. In August 1933, with
Sukarno once again arrested and facing trial, he wrote
an article called "Soekarno Is Arrested". Harada asked
Hatta to become an advisor for the occupational
Government. Hatta accepted the job and then asked
Harada if Japan was here to colonize Indonesia. Harada
assured Hatta that Japan would not do. In Hatta's eyes,
an acknowledgement of an Indonesian Independence
by Japan was extremely important. If Japan, with its
ultra-nationalistic ideology was able to recognize
Indonesia's independence, it would put more pressure
on the Allies (especially the United States and the
United Kingdom) as representatives of democracy to
do the same thing. Hatta and Sukarno now had the
common goal of working with the Japanese and then
trying to achieve independence from them. Together
with Ki Hadjar Dewantoro and Muhammadiyah
chairman, Kiai Haji Mas Mansur, Hatta and Sukarno
formed a quattuorvirate of leaders tasked by the
Japanese occupational Government as their
intermediary with the Indonesian people.