Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
Unidad IV
1. CARGA DE UN CONDENSADOR
Analizando los dos gráficos se puede ver que están divididos en una parte
transitoria y una parte estable. Los valores de I y Vc varían en la parte
transitoria (aproximadamente 5 veces la constante de tiempo T), pero no así en
la parte estable.
93
Matemática Aplicada TECSUP - PFR
Voltaje en el condensador Vc
t
0
Corriente por R y C I
E
R
t
0
Zona Zona
transitoria estable
94
TECSUP - PFR Matemática Aplicada
2. DESCARGA DE UN CONDENSADOR
Vc
Voltaje en el condensador V0
t
0
I
Corriente por R y C 0
t
-V0
R
5t
3. DEMOSTRACIÓN MATEMÁTICA
Carga de un condensador
95
Matemática Aplicada TECSUP - PFR
I c
• El terminal positivo de la batería a tiene mayor potencial
que el terminal negativo c, de modo que Vca = -V ε , donde
V ε es la fuente de energía de la batería
dq q
R = Vε −
dt C
q
dq 1
t −t
∫ =
∫ dt → q = CVε 1 − exp
CVε − q RC
0 0 RC
dq Vε -t
i = = exp
dt R RC
Este representa el tiempo que tomará a la corriente para decrecer hasta 1/e de
su valor inicial.
96
TECSUP - PFR Matemática Aplicada
Balance energético
t
2 −t
V i ⋅ dt =V C 1 − exp
Eb = ∫
0
t t
RC
V t2C
t
2
1 − exp − 2t
ER = ∫
0
i R ⋅ dt =
2
RC
2 2
1 q2 Vt C − 2t
EC = = 1 − exp
2 C 2 RC
Ejemplo:
F −6
C = 1,5 mF ⋅ −6
→ C = 1,5 ⋅ 10 faradios
10 µF
10 3 Ω
R = 58 kΩ ⋅ → R = 58 000 Ω
kΩ
s −3
t = 60 ms ⋅ 3 → t = 60 ⋅ 10 s
10 ms
97
Matemática Aplicada TECSUP - PFR
−t
q = C ⋅Vε ⋅ 1 − exp
RC
−6 − 60 ⋅ 10−3
q = 1,5 ⋅ 10 ⋅ 30 ⋅ 1 − exp −6
58 000 ⋅ 1,5 ⋅ 10
q = 1,5 ⋅ 10
−6
(
⋅ 30 ⋅ 1 − exp − 0,69 ( ))
Vε −t
i = ⋅ exp
R RC
30
⋅ exp
− 60 ⋅ 10−3
−6
i=
58000 58 000 ⋅ 1,5 ⋅ 10
30
i= ⋅ ( 0,5)
58000
−t
E b = C ⋅Vt2 ⋅ 1 − exp
R ⋅C
− 60 ⋅ 10 −3
E b = 1,5 ⋅ 10− 6 ⋅ 302 ⋅ 1 − exp
58 000 ⋅ 1,5 ⋅ 10 − 6
Î Respuesta: E = 6,726 ⋅ 10
−4
J
b
98
TECSUP - PFR Matemática Aplicada
C ⋅V t2 − 2 ⋅t
ER = ⋅ 1 − exp
2
R ⋅C
1,5 ⋅ 10 −6 ⋅ 30 2 − 2 ⋅ 60 ⋅ 10 −3
ER = ⋅ 1 − exp
2 58 000 ⋅ 1,5 ⋅ 10 − 6
−4
Î Respuesta: E = 5,05067 ⋅ 10 J
R
2
1 q 2 C ⋅V t2 −t
EC = ⋅ ⋅ 1 − exp
R ⋅C
2 C 2
1 (22,42 ⋅ 10 −6 ) 2
EC = ⋅
2 1,5 ⋅ 10 − 6
E C = 1,68 ⋅ 10 −4 joule
Î Respuesta:
99
Matemática Aplicada TECSUP - PFR
Descarga de un condensador
dq q
−R =
dt C
q t
dq 1 −t
∫ ∫ dt
q = − RC → q = Q ⋅ exp
R ⋅C
Q 0
dq Q -t
i =− = exp
dt RC RC
Balance energético
1 Q2
E0 =
2 C
100
TECSUP - PFR Matemática Aplicada
t
Q2
2 − 2t
∫
E R = i R ⋅ dt = 2C
0
1 − exp
RC
1 q2 Q2 − 2t
EC = = exp
2 C 2C RC
Ejemplo:
− 60 ⋅ 10 −3
q = 45 ⋅ 10− 6 ⋅ exp
= 22,6 ⋅ 10
−6
C
58 000 ⋅ 1,5 ⋅ 10 − 6
• La intensidad es:
45 ⋅ 10 −6 − 60 ⋅ 10 −3
i = ⋅ exp
= 2,60 ⋅ 10
−4
A
58 000 ⋅ 1,5 ⋅ 10 − 6 58 000 ⋅ 1,5 ⋅ 10 − 6
1 (45 ⋅ 10 −6 ) 2
Eo = = 6,75 ⋅ 10− 4 J
2 1,5 ⋅ 10 − 6
1 (45 ⋅ 10 −6 ) 2 − 2 ⋅ 60 ⋅ 10 −3
ER = ⋅ 1 − exp
= 5,05 ⋅ 10
−4
J
2 1,5 ⋅ 10 − 6 58 000 ⋅ 1,5 ⋅ 10 − 6
1 (22,6 ⋅ 10 −6 ) 2
EC = = 1,70 ⋅ 10− 4 J
2 −6
1,5 ⋅ 10
101
Matemática Aplicada TECSUP - PFR
ANOTACIONES:
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
102