the nominal capacity of the excavator or haul unit must be m

Production of Earthmoving Equipment

𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑

𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛=𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑐𝑦𝑐𝑙𝑒 ×𝐶𝑦𝑐𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑝𝑒𝑟 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟

Volume per cycle: m³ (average volume of material moved per equipment cycle)
Cycles per hour: cycles (must include any appropriate efficiency factors so that it
represents the number of cycles actually achieved per hour)
Production: 0 Volume/hr

Note: In Cycles per hour

Method one: use the number of effective working minutes per hour to calculate the number of cycles achieved per
This is equivalent to using an efficiency factor equal to the number of working minutes per hour divided by 60

Other approach: multiply the number of theoretical cycles per 60-min by a numerical efficiency factor
avator or haul unit must be modified by an appropriate fill factor based on the type of material and equipment involved

𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛= (𝐸𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑝𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑝𝑒𝑟 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟)/(𝐸𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑝𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑝𝑒𝑟 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟)

Cost per hour: PHP/hr After computing for cost per unit of production co
Production per hour: 0 Volume/hr to other same equipments to a different contracto
choose the lowest cost per unit production
Cost per unit of production: 0 PHP/Volume
(achieved a much lower Cost unit of production)

umber of cycles achieved per hour

per hour divided by 60 what is the theoretical cycles per 60 min?

efficiency factor

working minutes per hour?

both poor 0.52
Using the Other Approach:

Efficiency factor: (based from the table of efficiency factors)

Theoretical Cycles per 60 min:

Cycles per hour: 0

ent involved

cost per unit of production compare it

ments to a different contractor and
ost per unit production
In their natural state, all soils contain some moisture. The moisture content of a soil is expressed as a percentage th
represents the weight of water in the soil divided by the dry weight of the soil

𝑀𝑜𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑡 (%)= (𝑀𝑜𝑖𝑠𝑡 𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 −𝐷𝑟𝑦 𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡)/(𝐷𝑟𝑦 𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡)×100

Moist weight: 6.8 -> in the natural state

Dry weight: 6.44 -> after drying

Moisture content: 5.590062 %

s expressed as a percentage that
 Weight/Bank Volume: 2800 lb/yd³ or kg/m³ -> natural state
Weight/Loose Volume: 2000 lb/yd³ or kg/m³ -> after excavation
Weight/Compacted Volume: 3500 lb/yd³ or kg/m³

𝑆𝑤𝑒𝑙𝑙 (%)=((𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡/(𝐵𝑎𝑛𝑘 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒))/(𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡/(𝐿𝑜𝑜𝑠𝑒 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒))−1)×100

Swell: 40 %

That is, 1 cubic yard (meter) of material will expand to 1.4 loose cubic yards (meters) after excavation

𝑆ℎ𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑘𝑎𝑔𝑒 (%)=(1−(𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡/(𝐵𝑎𝑛𝑘 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒))/(𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡/(𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒)))×100

Shrinkage: 20 %

That is, 1 cubic yard (meter) of material will shrink to 0.8 compacted cubic yards (meters) as a result of com
eters) after excavation

ds (meters) as a result of compaction

 Weight/Bank Unit Volume: 1839 lb/BCY or kg/BCY
Weight/Loose Unit Volume: 1483 lb/LCY or kg/LCY
Weight/Compacted Unit Volume: 2106 lb/CCY or kg/CCY

𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟= (𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡/(𝐿𝑜𝑜𝑠𝑒 𝑈𝑛𝑖𝑡 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒))/(𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡/(𝐵𝑎𝑛𝑘 𝑈𝑛𝑖𝑡 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒))

𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟= 1/(1+𝑠𝑤𝑒𝑙𝑙)
OR

Load Factor: 0.806417 Load Factor:

𝑆ℎ𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑘𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟= (𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡/(𝐵𝑎𝑛𝑘 𝑈𝑛𝑖𝑡 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒))/(𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡/(𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑈𝑛𝑖𝑡 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒))

OR 𝑆ℎ𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑘𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟=1 −𝑠ℎ𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑘𝑎𝑔𝑒

Shrinkage Factor: 0.873219 Shrinkage Factor:

 *NOTE: Loose Volume to Bank Volume: Use the Load Factor
Bank Volume to Compacted Volume: Use the Shrinkage Factor

LCY or LCM: 593300

BCY or BCM: 478446.9

CCY or CCM: 417789.1

=1 −𝑠ℎ𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑘𝑎𝑔𝑒
 NOTE: Convert first in-situ conditions (BCY or BCM) to loose conditions (LCY or LC
NOTE: if yards is used, convert yd to ft by muliplying yd to 27

BCF - Bank cubic foot BCF or BCM:

swell:

TRIANGULAR SPOIL BANK

𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒=𝑆𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 ×𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ

𝐵=(4𝑉/(𝐿×tan⁡𝑅 ))^(1/2) where B = base width (ft or m) V:

H = pile height (ft or m) L:
L = pile length (ft or m) R:
𝐻= R = angle of repose (deg)
(𝐵×tan⁡𝑅)/2 V = pile volume (ft³ or m³)

BCF or BCM:
swell:

CONICAL SPOIL BANK

𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒= 1/3×𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 ×𝐻𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡

V:
R:
𝐷= (7.64𝑉/tan⁡𝑅 )^(1/3)
where D = diameter of the pile base (ft or m)

𝐻= 𝐷/2×tan⁡𝑅
to loose conditions (LCY or LCM)

2.2 Loose Volume 2.86 ft³ or m³

30 %

2.86 ft³ or m³ B: 4.042031 ft or m

1 ft or m H: 1.41513 ft or m
35 degree

76.5 Loose Volume 85.68 ft³ or m³

12 %

85.68 ft³ or m³ D: 10.15612 ft or m

32 degree H: 3.173124 ft or m
 Pit Excavation
*Note: For simple rectangular excavations, average depth is the average of the four corners
*Note: For more complex areas, measure the depth at additional points along the perimeter of the excavation and

𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒=𝐻𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑧𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 ×𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑝𝑡ℎ Horizontal Area: 171.1538

Average Depth: 2.128333

Trench Excavation

Cross-sectional Area: 1.6836

𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒=𝐶𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑠 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 ×𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡h
Length: 152

Large Areas
*Note: Sum of Every Points
𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑝𝑡ℎ= (𝑆𝑢𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑒𝑝𝑡ℎ ×𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡)/(𝑆𝑢𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡𝑠)Corner points: 4.7
Border points: 13.12
Interior points 8.01
OR Whole Area: 11141.66

12.77
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒= 𝐴/4 (∑▒ 〖ℎ _1+2∑▒ 〖ℎ _2+3∑▒ 〖ℎ _3+4∑▒ℎ_4 〗〗〗 )
2.128333

----> Must be a square area

rimeter of the excavation and average all depths

Volume: 364.2723

Volume: 255.9072

Number
of Points Weight (constant)
4 1
10 2 Sum of weights: 48 ?
6 4 Avergae depth: 1.312083
Volume: 14618.79

15.25
8.54 130.235
171.1538
7.93 40.9188
5.16