Objectives:

1. To illustrate the effects of the various factors affecting the rates of chemical reactions.
2. To demonstrate the effects of changing the concentration and temperature to the
equilibrium of the system.
Interpretation of Results
Chemical kinetics is the study of the speed or rate with which a chemical reaction occurs and
the factors that affect this speed. This is useful for determining how a reaction occurs. The six
factors affecting the rates of reaction are the nature of the reactants, the physical state, the
concentration, the temperature, the catalyst, and pressure.
A. Effect of nature of reactants to the reaction rate
The metal that exhibited a faster reaction rate is the aluminum turnings because it reacted
more vigorously with the acid than with the iron fillings. This can be explained through the
activity series of metals where aluminum has higher reactivity than iron in that chart.
B. Effect of temperature to the reaction rate
The trend that temperature (degC) and time (s) shown in this part of the experiment is an
inversely proportional relationship on the reaction rate. The higher the system’s
temperature, the faster the reaction completes. Heat increases the amount of energy that a
certain body can work with. As a result, an increase in energy will also yield higher reactivity
in endothermic reactions.
C. Effect of concentration to the reaction rate
The trend between HCl Concentration and time to complete the reaction is a directly
proportional relationship. The higher (or potent) the acid is, the faster it dissolves things.
Therefore, higher concentrations yield faster reactions.
D. Effect of catalyst to the reaction rate
The effect of the cupric sulfate reaction to the rate of decomposition of hydrogen peroxide
makes it turn light blue and forms bubbles from the reaction. This can be explained through
the behavior of the peroxides.
The copper ions act as catalyst and speed up the rate of reaction. This is observed through
the solution’s help in decomposing hydrogen peroxide, also decomposing oxygen, as
observed through the formation of bubbles.
Q: Write the chemical equation for the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide.
A:
E. Chromate-Dichromate Equilibrium
Q: Explain how HCl exerts an effect to the equilibrium system.
A: Adding HCl increases the concentration of the H(+), shifting to right to counteract the
new concentration of H(+) ions, giving the orange color.
Q: Explain how NaOH exerts an effect to the equilibrium system.
A: Adding NaOH increases the concentration of OH, shifting to the left to give yellow color.
F. Thiocyanatoiron(III) Complex Ion Equilibrium
Q: In the equilibrium system Fe3+ + SCN- <-> FeSCN2+, which reaction is endothermic? Which
is exothermic?
A: Fe3+ and SCN- are endothermic and FeSCN2+ is exothermic. Forward reaction requires an
endothermic reaction such as combination and decomposition reaction is a back reaction,
therefore it must give off energy to go back to its reactant side.
G. Weak Acid Equilibrium (Ionization of Acetic Acid)
Q: Explain how NaC2H3O2 exerts an effect to the equilibrium system.
A:

H. Weak Base Equilibrium (Ionization of Ammonia)

Q: Explain how NH4Cl exerts an effect to the equilibrium system.
A:

I. Saturated Salt (Sodium Chloride) Equilibrium

Q: Explain how the addition of HCl shift the equilibrium of the system.
A:
Conclusion:
The six factors that affect the rate which a chemical reaction occurs make up most of the
explaining in accelerating/decelerating speed in reactivity.
Nature of the reactants: Finely grinded particles yet a lower reactivity rate and chunks of bigger
particles yet a higher reactivity rate made the telling on which is metal is more reactive with the
acid difficult because they both exhibited fast reactions and bubbles. Our answer in the PDS is
wrong. It should have been the aluminum turnings.
State: The state of which a matter is presented is an important factor in the pace of reactions.
Reactions tend to pick a certain state where they can be maximized. Otherwise, reactions are
limited.
Concentration: The frequency with which the ions/molecules collide affect the speed of the
reaction because collision causes reaction.
Temperature: Higher thermal energy also increases the reactivity by giving the particles a
higher energy state in which they can collide and react with other particles faster and stronger.
Catalyst: Catalysts makes a different reaction medium on a lower activation energy without
interfering with the original, and supposed reaction – only accelerating it.
Pressure: Increasing pressure also increases the frequency of collisions on an area. Therefore,
also increasing the rate of chemical reactions occuring within it.
Le chatelier’s principle explains that a change in concentration of an ion/molecule will shift the
system’s equilibrium to the side that would reduce stress. It moves to the opposite direction of
the change affected to the original state of equilibrium.