Abstracts / Clinical Neurophysiology 128 (2017) e1–e163
Materials & methods: 10 healthy participants were stimulated
with either iTBS, cTBS or sham on F3 electrode over 3 different ses-
sions. TMS-EEG was used to assess cortical excitability change via
TMS-evoked potentials (TEPs) and TMS-evoked oscillations.
Results: Analysis on F3 revealed increase in N120 amplitude
(p = .009) from pre to post iTBS. Cluster-based statistics showed
one significant negative cluster at N120 (p = .003), indicating
increased amplitude at the site of stimulation and contralaterally.
TBS-induced changes (post - pre) were calculated and compared
among different TBS conditions. N120 amplitude post iTBS was high-
er than cTBS at F3 (p = .042).
TMS-evoked oscillations were significantly increased after iTBS in
theta frequency at F3 from 50 to 250 ms (p = .044). TMS-evoked
oscillations among different TBS at F3 yielded higher theta power
after iTBS compared to cTBS and sham (p < .05; Fig. 1).
Conclusion: This study provides some of the first evidence that TBS
produces direct changes in cortical excitability in the prefrontal cor-
tex. This may be a useful approach to optimise stimulation para-
digms prior to the conduct of clinical trials.
doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2016.10.414
P308
The effects of cerebellar trans-cranial direct current stimulation
on neural network dynamics in supraspinal motor circuits during
motor adaptation in cats—H.T. Darch *, N.L. Cerminara, R. Apps
(University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom)
⇑ Corresponding author.
Recent studies of trans-cranial Direct Current stimulation (tDCS)
have raised the possibility that this is a relatively simple and well
tolerated method that can be used as an effective therapeutic tool
to treat neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders (Grimaldir
et al., 2016). In particular, stimulation of the cerebellum (ctDCS) in
humans has been shown to modulate a wide range of functions,
including motor learning and working memory (Grimaldir et al.,
2014). Despite the increasing use of this method, there are still
important knowledge gaps and controversies regarding the physio-
logical effects of ctDCS and the underlying neurobiological basis of
any effects remains unknown.
We have examined the effects of anodal, and cathodal ctDCS on
the electrophysiological activity in the supraspinal motor network
(SMN) during prism motor adaptation of a skilled, goal-directed
movement in cats. Preliminary frequency domain analysis of the
local field potential recorded simultaneously in cerebellar cortex
(lobule V, proximal to the ctDCS electrode), primary motor cortex,
and pre-frontal cortex suggests variable effects of ctDCS on neuronal
population activity and changes in coherence between different sites
in the SMN during motor adaptation.
References
Grimaldi G et al. Cerebellum 2014;13(1):121–38.
Grimaldi G et al. Neuroscientist 2016;22(1):83–97.
doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2016.10.415
P309
Pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) improves microcirculation
and reduces hypoxia and neuronal death in a hypertensive rat
e161
brain—D. Bragin *, O. Bragina, G. Statom, S. Hagberg, E. Nemoto
(University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Neurosurgery,
Albuquerque, United States)
⇑ Corresponding author.
Introduction: We previously showed that pulsed electromagnetic
field (PEMF) increased microvascular blood flow and tissue oxygena-
tion by nitric oxide-induced vasodilation in a healthy rat brain
(Bragin et al., 2015). We also showed that high intracranial pressure
(ICP) in rats caused a transition from capillary (CAP) to non-nutritive
microvascular shunt (MVS) flow, tissue hypoxia and blood brain bar-
rier (BBB) degradation (Bragin et al., 2011).
Objectives: To evaluate whether PEMF attenuates the detrimental
effects of non-nutritive MVS flow induced by high ICP.
Materials and methods: By in vivo 2-photon laser scanning micro-
scopy over the rat parietal cortex, we evaluated the effects of
PEMF on microvascular blood flow, tissue oxygenation (NADH),
BBB permeability (dye extravasation) and neuronal necrosis (i.v. pro-
pidium Iodide) during 4 h of high ICP. Doppler cortical flux, rectal
and cranial temperatures, ICP and arterial pressure, blood gases
and electrolytes were monitored. After baseline imaging at normal
ICP (10 mmHg), rats were subjected to high ICP (30 mmHg) by rais-
ing an artificial cerebrospinal fluid reservoir connected to the cis-
terna magna. At ICP of 30 mmHg, PEMF was applied for 30 min
and imaging continuously performed after the treatment. Controls
were untreated with PEMF.
Results: PEMF decreased tissue hypoxia (NADH reduced by
14.6 ± 3.7% compared to control, n = 10 rats per group,
mean ± SEM, p < 0.05). BBB damage progression was reduced as
reflected by less by 17.2 ± 5.4% dye extravasation (p < 0.05).
Decreased by PEMF hypoxia reduced neuronal necrosis (15 ± 3.6%
in PEMF vs. 26 ± 6.2% in control, p < 0.05), consistent with dilation
of arterioles (+4.5 ± 3.2%) and an increase in capillary blood flow
velocity (+4.7 ± 3.2%). PEMF did not completely mitigate the gradual
increase in MVS flow at but, as reflected by MVS/capillary ratio, the
transition to non-nutritive flow was reduced in the PEMF compared
to the untreated rats (2.3 ± 1.1 and 3.8 ± 2.1% change per hour,
respectively, p < 0.05).
Conclusions: PEMF
reduced tissue hypoxia, BBB degradation and neuronal necrosis by
modulating cerebral blood flow at high ICP. PEMF could be an effec-
tive treatment for high ICP after severe cerebral insults.
Support: Rio Grande Neurosciences.
References
Bragin et al, J. Neurosurgery, 2015.
Bragin et al, J. Neurotrauma, 2011.
doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2016.10.416
P310
Brain stimulation-induced neuroplasticity underlying therapeu-
tic response in phantom sounds—T. Poeppl a,b,*, B. Langguth a,b, A.
Lehner a,b, R. Rupprecht a, P. Kreuzer a,b, M. Landgrebe a,c, M.
Schecklmann a,b (a University of Regensburg, Department of
Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Regensburg, Germany, b University
of Regensburg, Tinnitus Center, Regensburg, Germany, c Lech
Mangfall Hospital, Department of Psychiatry and
Psychotherapyartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy,
Agatharied, Germany)
⇑ Corresponding author.