Lesson 3
Other Musical Styles
20th century- composers became increasingly
influenced by the music, history, and culture of
their native country.
Primitivism
- is a combination of two simple ideas that
developed into a new idea, new image, and new
sound.
Exoticism
- with the use of materials from other cultures
Nationalism
- use of indigenous materials in a specific
country
Ethnicism
- use of materials from European ethnic groups
Bela Bartok- was regarded as one of the most
influential modern composers of the 20th
century.
 A teaher, pianist and ethnomusicologist
noted for the Hungarian flavor of his
major musical works such as orchestral
works.
 March 25, 1881/ Hungary
 Started piano lessons at the age 5 with
his mother/ started to compose at the
age of 9
 From 1899-1903- he went to the ROYAL
ACADEMY OF MUSIC IN BEDAPEST to
study piano and composition.
 1903 completed his first major of
symphonic work, KOSSUTH in 1908
 Zoltan Kodaly- who he met at the
academy
 1940, they migrated to the United
States.
 He worked as a research assistant at
Columbia University, New York City.
 Passed away at the age of 64 in New
York, USA.
Piano Sonato (1926), Fisrt Piano Concerto
(1926), Cantata Profana (1930), Second Piano
Concerto (1931), Mikrokosmos (1931-1939),
String Quartets #5, Music for strings,
percussion, and Celesta (1936), Sonata for two
pianos and percussion (1937), Second Violoin
Concerto (1938), and String quartet #6 (1939)
Neoclassicism – or “new classical” is a style of
music that drew inspiration from the 18 th
century music which became popular betwee
WWI and WWII.
Sergei Prokofiev- is one of the most prolific and
popular Russian composers, pianist, conductors
of the 20th century.
 Earned inside and outside of the
country.
 Love for the three oranges
 War and peace
 Peter and the wolf
 Lieutenant Kije- movie music and
chamber music.
 Born in Ukraine on November 23, 1891
and Died in Dornanch, Switzerland on
March 5, 1953.
Francis Poulenc- Francis Jean Marcel Poulenc, a
brilliant French composer
 Born in France on January 7, 1899

  From a wealth family of pharmaceutical Louis Durey- who used traditional way of
manufacturers. composing
 His mother taught him to play piano
Germaine Tailleferre- the only female in the
 Formal lessons with Ricardo Viñees at
group, used dance rhythms
the age of 16
 Member of Le Six- group of French Lesson 4
composers- rejecting the exaggerated
emotion of Romanticism Avant- garde, Chance, and Electronic Music
 Inspired by Erik Satie’s bizarre
Avant-garde is a French worfd for “advance
 Self taught composer
guard’ or “vanguard” which is used to describe
Rapsodie Negre (1917) the musical styles that evolved after 1945.
Trois Mouvements for piano
 Term that center of experimentation
Sonata for piano duet (1918)
and innovatiob applied in music.
Concerto for two pianos (1932)

3 operas of Poulenc
George Gershwin- was considered one of the
 Les Mamelles de Tiresias (1944) which
most significant and popular American
displays his light- hearted character
composers of the 20th century .
 Dialogues de Carmelite (1956)
considered as one of the finest operas  Father of Jazz Music
of the 20th century.  Born on September 26, 1898 in
 1968 his opera La Voix humane Brooklyn, New York to Russian – Jewish
reflected his unstable emotional life. immigrants.
 January 30, 1963 died from fatal heart  Began his musical education at the age
attack in Paris of 11.
 Drop school age of 15, he became a
Other Members of Le Six:
pianist in some clubs in New York/
Darius Milhaud (1892-1974)- a 20th century rehersal pianist
French composer who wrote in different styles  Also work in Tin pan alley – as a song
and known for his development of polytonality plugger and soon started to write his
own music.
Arthur Honegger (1892- 1955)- a prolific  1916 composed Whenn you want ‘Em –
composer associated with the modern first published music
movement in French music  Rialto Ripples- his first piano
composition
George auric- known for his film scores and
 La , La, Lucille – he composed his first
ballets.
Broadway musical
  1924 Rhapsody in blue for piano and
orchestra was first performed in
whiteman’s concert.
 Someone to watch over me
 Strike up the band
 Embraceable you
 Porgy and bess- successful opera
 Moved to Hollywood and hired to
compose the music for the film SHALL
WE DANCE starring Fred Astaire and
Ginger Rogers
 1937, brain tumor July 11 died during
his surgery in Hollywood California at
the age of 38.
Leonard Bernstein- was born in Lawrence,,
Massachusetts on August 25, 1918 from a
Russian immigrant.
 Big break when he conducted the New
York Philharmonic Orchestra in 1943.
 One of the first conductors in the US
who received a worldwide acclaim.
 October 13, 1990 after battling
emphysema, died in new york at the
age of 72.
Three Symphonies No1: Jeremiah, No. 2: Age of
Anxiety, No.3 Kaddish
West Side story (1957)
Broadway hit, Candice (1956)
The joy of music in 1959Young people’s
concerts for reading and listening in 1963
The infinite variety of music in 1966
The Unanswered question in 1976
Philip Glass- was an avant- garde composer and
exponent of minimalist movement.
 He first assisted RAVI SHANKAR
 Born in Baltimore on Januray 31, 1937
 Worked with playwright Robert Wilson
to produce his first opera
 Einstein on the beach in 1967
 Satyagbara 1980- which is based on the
life of Mahatma Gandhi
 Movies namely Koyaanisqatsi 1982
 Hamburger Hill 1987
 Candyman 1992
 The tiruman show 1998 t
 Received an academy award
nomination for the musical scores of
Kundun in 1997, The hours in 2002 and
Notes on a scandal in 2006
Chance Music or Aleatory- is a 20th century
music in which undetermined elements are left
to chance and/ or some elements of a
composed work’s realization are left to the
performer’s discretion
John Cage- John Milton Cage Jr. was born on
September 5, 1912in Los angeles California and
died on August 12, 1992 in New York.
 He was an avant- garde composer
whose inventive compositions and
unconventional ideas greatly influenced
20th century music.
 Early composition is written in 12 tone
system with Schoenberg as his teacher.
 1939, he experimented and worked on
“prepared piano”
  1943, marked the first step as a leader
of the American musical avant- garde
with his percussive ensemble concert at
the Museum of Modern Art in New York
City.
 4’33 (Four minutes and thirty-three
seconds) in 1952- remained silent on
stage
 Imaginary landscape- no.4 in 1951- a
work for 12 randomly tuned radios
 Sonata and interludes ib (1946-1948)
for prepared piano
 Fonatana mix in 1958- based on
programmed transparent cards
 Cheap imitation in 1969 – an impression
of erik Satie’s Music
 Roaratorio in 1979 an electronic
composition
 Finnegans Wake- a novel by james joyce
Electronic Music- refers to the music produced
by synthesis and other electronic and devices.
Musique Concrete- a major creative movement
of the avant garde music that uses a tape
recorder.
Karlheinz Stockhausen- was born in Modrath,
Germany on August 22, 1928.
 One of the leading composersof
electronic and serial music who strongly
influenced the avant garde composers
from 1950- 80.
 Sonf of the youth in 1956 where he
mixed electronic sounds fro the voice of
a boy singing
 Kontakte (1958- 1960)- a work
between electronic sounds and
instrumental music.
 Mikrophonie- amplified microphones
and electronic filters
 Stimmung or tuning (1968)- composed
of six vocalist and microphones
 Hymnen or Hymns (1969)- was written
for electronics sounds and several
national anthems around the eworld
 Helikopter- Streichquartett (1992-1995)
where four musicians performing in
flying helicopters with electronic videos
 Licht- largest work; 25 years to
complete
 December 5, 2007 died in Kuerten,
Germany of natural death.
Edgard varese- was a French- born
American innovative composer of the 20th
century, was born on December 22, 1883 in
Paris, france His music was dissonant, non-
thematic etc.
 Founded the international composers
guild in 1921 and the pan American
association of composers in 1962 which
is responsible in performances ,
premiers etc of works of Bartok, berg,
Webern and Others.
 Hyperprism for wind instruments and
percussion in 1923
  Ionisation for percussion piano and two http://www.dti.gov.ph
sirens in 1931
Harmful physical and psychological effects of
 Density 21.5 for unaccompanied flute in
quackery
1936
 Poeme Electronique – intented o be 1. Physical side effects
distributed by 425 speakers  Allergies
 Died in New York, USA on November 8,  Organ failure
1965  Infection of communicable diseases
Lesson 3  Fatigue
 Muscle pain
HEALTH  Paralysis
 Death
Don’t Fall for Quackery
2. Emotional and Psychological side effects
Quackery is the act and process of benefiting  Mood swings
from other people, through monetary or non-  Hormone imbalance
monetary means while assuring them a false  Hallucination
claim in return.  Tendencies of self harm
 Aggression
Three main types of quackery  Depression
Medical quackery- is essentially lying to patients 3. Trust issues
and their families to believe in health care Organic- grown or made w/o the use of artificial
solutions. Not proven and tested. chemicals
Nutritional quackery- is providing Fraud- the crime of using dishonest methods to
misinformation about the nutritional value and take something valuable from another person
health effects of food and products.
Mystical claims- arguments that are based
Device quackery- is the selling and distribution having a spiritual meaning that is difficult to see
of products that claim to be effective in battling or understand
one or all health concerns.
Lesson 4
1. Claims that are “Too Good to be true”
2. Misleading anecdotes and testimonials Out of the box healing
3. Fraud
Herbal medicine- are plants or plant parts that
4. Mystical conspiracy
are used to provide therapeutic effects. They
5. Natural and organic claims
maybe consumed, processed, or simply applied
6. Trial runs
externally.
Department of Trade and Industry- regulates
and overseas all sales and trade of information.
10 herbal medicines approved by DOH Qi chi or life energy

1. Acapulco is a shrub easily found all over
the Philippines.
2. Bitter gourd (ampalaya)- is well known
as a vegetable in the Philippines
3. Garlic- is a popular vegetable spice in
Filipino dishes.
4. Guava- green fleshy fruit in the
Philippines.
5. Five-Leaved Chase Tree or simply
Lagundi- is currently gaining popularity
as an hrbval medicine in the country.
6. Chinese Honeysuckle or niyog niyogan
is a fruit bearing vine.
7. Blumea Balsamifera is from a thai and
chinese orgin. In the oh it is called
Sambong.
8. Wild tea or tsaang gubat is named such
because it can easily grow in the wild
with minimal maintenance.
9. Pansit- [ansitan also known as clear
weed, silver brush; it is a fleshy edible
herb that grows in the wild especially in
damp and dark areas.
10. Peppermint or simply mint is more well
known as an added spice of flavoring.
Complementary and alternative medicine-
are health practices used parallel to or in
place of the more widely accepted medical
practices.
Acupuncture- has long been a method of
therapy in chinese culture. Using needles.
Has etymological roots from ACUS which
means needle and PUNCTURA which means
to prick or to puncture.
Among the conditions remedied by
acupuncture re:
 Muscle pain
 Headache
 Organ failure
 Heart ailment
 Stroke
 Cold
 Respiratory ailments
 Menstrual pain and irregularities
 Oral problems
 Gastrointestinal diseases
Ventosa or Cupping Therapy- usually offered in
spas or salons as another type of massage
therapy. Glass cups are used to suction part of
th skin. (ANCIENT EGYPT)
 Asthma
 Muscle pain/ fatigue
 High blood pressure
 Stress
 Flu
 Cough
 Common cold
 Poor blood circulation
 Toxins in the blood
 Respiratory ailments
Reflexology- is described by others as a simple
foot massage. Believed that reflexology was
once used primarily to reduce stress and
address psychological problems.
Reflexologist – say that feet hold pressure
points that connect to most of the body’s vital
organs.
  cardiovascular diseases Malnutrition- the absence of proper
 lung problems nutrition resulting from insufficient food
 kidney ailments intake or the lack of necessary nutrients
 stress
 anxiety
 depression
 high blood pressure
 muscle and joint pain
 sleep disorders
 headache
 urinary tract infection

Naturopathy- popularized in Latin America.

 Is said to work most effectively when

combined with other forms of
alternative treatment already
discussed.
 Which involve ingredients and
equipment that come from nature.
Aims to natural capacity to heal itself.
 High toxin content of the body
 Gastrointestinal problems
 Sleep disorders
 Anxiety
 Muscle pain
 Malnutrition
 Weight problems
 Poor immunity
 Cough
 Common cold
 Flu

Herbal- about plants especially with

reference to their medicinal properties

Endemic- growing or existing in a certain

place or region