Conduction

Zeshan Aslam IST University

Heat & Mass Transfer

Heat & Mass Transfer

Theory & Application

Zeshan Aslam
Lecturer
IST University

19-Oct-17 1
Conduction Zeshan Aslam IST University

Heat & Mass Transfer

Course Outline

• Introduction
• Heat Conduction
• Fundamental of Convection
• Application : Heat Exchangers
• Mass Diffusion
• Boiling and Condensation

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Conduction Zeshan Aslam IST University

Heat & Mass Transfer

Course Outline
Heat Conduction
 What is Conduction?
 Mathematical Model (Fourier’s Law)
 Thermal Conductivity
Solid, Liquid and Gas
 Heat Capacity
 Thermal Resistance Concept
 Multi-Wall Conduction
 Conduction in Circular Pipes
 Multi-layer Circular Pipes
Over All Heat Transfer Coefficient
Critical Thickness of Insulator
 1-D Heat Conduction Equation
19-Oct-17 Solution of Steady 1-D Heat Conduction Problems
3
Conduction Zeshan Aslam IST University

Heat & Mass Transfer

Conduction in Circular Pipes

d=2r

For Pipes l>>>r

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Conduction Zeshan Aslam IST University

Heat & Mass Transfer

Conduction in Circular Pipes

Radial Heat Transfer

l>>>r

Heat Transfer along the pipe length is neglected

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Conduction Zeshan Aslam IST University

Heat & Mass Transfer

Conduction in Circular Pipes
Q

T2
ri T1
Q Q

Q ro

Radial Heat Transfer

Q

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Conduction Zeshan Aslam IST University

Heat & Mass Transfer

Conduction in Circular Pipes
Conduction in walls

T2
ri T1

Q
dT ro
Q  -kA
dx

Fourier’s Law

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Conduction Zeshan Aslam IST University

Heat & Mass Transfer

Conduction in Circular Pipes
Fourier’s Law
dT
Q  -kA
dx

For Walls T1 T2
ri

r Q
ro
dT
Q  -kA
dr

For pipes
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Conduction Zeshan Aslam IST University

Heat & Mass Transfer

Conduction in Circular Pipes

d=2r

A=2πrl

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Conduction Zeshan Aslam IST University

Heat & Mass Transfer

Conduction in Circular Pipes
Area is Constant Area is variable

l A ri

ro

A=lxb A=2πrl

 dT dT
Q  -kA 
Q  -kA
Dr. S. Kamran

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Conduction Zeshan Aslam IST University

Heat & Mass Transfer

Conduction in Circular Pipes

dT
Q  -kA
dr T1 T2
ri
dT
Q  -k 2 r l Q
r
dr ro
T1  T2
Q  2 k l
 A=2πrl
ln ro ri 

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Conduction Zeshan Aslam IST University

Heat & Mass Transfer

Conduction in Circular Pipes

T T
Q  2 k l 1 2
ln ro ri 
T T T1 T2
Q  1 2 ri
Rt
r Q
T1  T2
Q 
ln ro ri 
Thermal ro
Resistance
in Pipes 2 k l A=2πrl

ln r r 
Rt pipe  o i
2 k l
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Conduction Zeshan Aslam IST University

Heat & Mass Transfer

Sphere
Conduction in Hollow Sphere

T1 T2
ri

r Q
ro
A= 4πr2

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Conduction Zeshan Aslam IST University

Heat & Mass Transfer

Conduction in Hollow Sphere
dT
Q  -kA
dr

Q  -k 4 π r 2 dT T1 T2
dr ri

T1  T2 r Q

Q
Thermal ro  ri T T ro
Resistance Q  1 2
in Sphere 4 ro ri k Rt
A= 4πr2

ro  ri
Rt sphere  4 r r k
o i
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Conduction Zeshan Aslam IST University

Heat & Mass Transfer

Conduction in Multilayer Pipes

Pipe

ri

ro

Insulations

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Heat & Mass Transfer

Conduction in Multilayer Pipes
Insulation-Layer

Insulation-Layer

pipe

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Conduction Zeshan Aslam IST University

Heat & Mass Transfer

Conduction in Multilayer Pipes

Thermal
Circuit
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Conduction Zeshan Aslam IST University

Heat & Mass Transfer

Conduction in Multilayer Pipes

Rt = R1 + R2 + R3

T T
Q  1 4
 Rt

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Conduction Zeshan Aslam IST University

Heat & Mass Transfer

Conduction in Multilayer Pipes
Example
Steam at 320°C flows in a cast iron pipe (k = 80 W/m · °C) whose inner
and outer diameters are 5 cm and 5.5 cm, respectively. The pipe is
covered with 3-cm-thick glass wool insulation with k = 0.05 W/m · °C.
Heat is lost to the surroundings at 5°C . Find the Heat loss with and
without insulation. (Assume the given temperatures are on the surface
of the pipe).

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Conduction Zeshan Aslam IST University

Heat & Mass Transfer

Thank You

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