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RESEARCH METHOD
Mp−Mt p
rpbi = SDt q√
Where : rpbi = point biserial index correlation
Mp = mean of score that correctly answer
Mt = mean of total score
SDt = standard deviation total
P = subject proportion that correctly answer to subject total
q = l-p subject proportion that wrongly answer
2
K S2− X́ (K − X́ ) (∑ X )
2
r 11 = ∑ X −
and N
S2 (k−1) S2=
N
(Silitonga, 2014)
B
P=
T
Description :
P : difficulty level
B : total of student with correct answered
JS : total of student
The bigger the price P, the easier the item, otherwise the smaller P, the
item is more difficult. A test item is said to be eligible if the price of P ranges:
0.20 to 0.80. If P <0.20 means the test items are too hard, and if P> 0.80 means
test items are too easy. (Silitonga, 2013)
1.4.2 Distinction Power
Distinction power is used to determine the ability of test to distinguish
between between students who are smart (high caliber) with students stupid (less
capable). Figures showing the amount of power depending on an item called a
distinction power index (index discriminant) symbolized by D where prices range
between -1 D s / d + 1 if:
D = +1.0 : means all the top group (JA) can answer the item correctly, whereas
all lower group (JB) answered with one.
D = -1.0: means all the top group (JA) can answer that with any item, whereas all
lower group (JB) answered correctly.
D = 0: means all the top group (JA) can answer these items are equally right or
equally wrong.
BA BB
D= −
JA J B =P - P
A B
Where:
JA = many upper student groups who correct answer
JB = many lower student groups who wrong answer
BA = total of upper group students
BB = total of lower group students
PA = proportion of upper groups who answer right
PB = proportion of lower groups who answer false
(Sugiharti, 2015)
3.4.6 Destructor
Destructor is assumed good if the amount of students that choose the
destructor is same or close to ideal number. Destructor is all of the answer
alternative. Examples : A B C D E. The answer is B, so that A C D E are
destructor. An item called has the condition from the distructor effectivity, if :
JPA+JPB
X 100 %
IP = JA+JB
Where : IP = destructor index
JPA = the chooser of upper group students
JPB = the chooser of lower group students
JA = total of upper group students
JB = total of lower group students
The quality of the destructor index is based on these categories :
Implement
Research
Experiment Class II Experiment Class III Stage
Experiment Class I Observa- Observa-
Cooperative Learning Cooperative Learning Cooperative Learning
tion sheet tion
Model Type Jigsaw with about Model Type NHT with sheet Model Type STAD with
Video Animation Media Character Video Animation Media about Video Animation Media
Character
Final Test
Conclusion
Picture 3.2 The Schematic of Research
B
X 100
Skor = N
Where :
B = Many items are answered correctly.
N = Many items overall
(Silitonga, 2013)
SSw =Σ ¿
k
SSBet =¿
⏞ ni ¿
Σ
(perlakuan)
Within Group SSw =Σ ¿ ntotal - k SS w
(galat) dfw
Total ntotal - 1
Description :
Ni = number of samples per group
K = number of groups
Ntotal = total number of samples
S 2bet
F=F=
S2w
6. Conduct Tukey's test to make sure there is a difference
S 2bet
Description:
F=F=q
n √
n = number of samples per group
q = statistic value based on k and dfw
S2w = Estimated variance between groups
(Silitonga, 2014)
3.6. Guidelines for Non-Instrument Rating test
Guidelines for observation in the form of indicators and scoring. Each
character or attitude has totaled four indicators. Each indicator has a score. The
maximum score of four awarded to students if it appears four descriptor and score
at least one if it only appears one descriptor. Criteria scoring for each indicator is
as follows:
Description of scoring;
And to calculating the value of the attitude used the following equation:
Get Scores
Attitudes Value = x 100%
Maximum Scores
% of students’ characters = Score gotten x 100 %
Maximum score
% improvement of character = score (1st meeting + 2nd meeting + 3rd meeting)
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