Fgase Transformer Construction. 2. Three-Phase Transformer Connections .

: The objectives
of the unit –C After your study this unit , it is expected to be able to : 1- Know the construction of three
- phase transformer. 2- Know the Y-Δ configuration . 3- Know the Δ-Y configuration 3- :‫جّ ث‬ٌٚ ‫س ِج‬- Valves
‫ ّجث قال ؽٔث ز‬ٌٚ َ . ٌٕ ٌ‫طوف ٕخؾٕض‬ٚ ‫و‬ٙ ‫سج‬ ١ًٌٚ ٌٚ ِ ٟ٘ ٌ‫ ض‬١ًْٙ ‫ع‬١ٍّ‫ق ز‬ ّ ‫لى خ‬ ٚٝ ‫ ًةج ٌْْىٌث‬, ٠ٚ‫ ْث خىؾ‬٠‫ ْىى‬ٛ ‫ىٌث‬ٌٚٚ ‫فم َ ّج‬١‫ ٍْىٌث ؿى‬ٛ ‫ٌى‬ٚ ‫هى‬
ِ ١٘‫ى و‬١‫ءجعا ز‬ ٕ ‫سججّ ث روةجـ ْثع‬
ٌٚ
‫ ْىىضص‬ٛ ‫ٓى‬ ِ ‫ٕفٌىو ُ ْىؽ‬ٕٞٚ ٞ ‫ض ـضى‬ ٔ ١‫ زىؾ‬٠ٌَ‫ىٌث رهجى‬ٌٞٞ ‫ؽ‬٠ ‫ىٌث شىقص‬ٌٚٚ ‫ع ىضد َ ّج‬١ٌ ‫فص‬١‫ٔع هٌ ٘ ٕج ظ‬ٛ ِِٓ ‫جّ ث‬ٌٚ ‫صثى ًّّعص س ِج‬١‫صا ( ج‬ ٚ ‫ىذصج‬ِٛ ١‫ ) ج‬١ٍّ
‫ى رٌىو‬ٙ ‫ ) ز ٍذ‬ِٚ ٚ ٌٚ
‫ر ٌمث‬ٛ ‫د ٌٕ ٌٕجث‬١ٞ‫ ز‬,‫ٔع هٌ ٘ ٕج‬ٛ ‫ىٌجد ٍّْص س ِج ّجث ِِٓ ٌمآ‬ٚ‫ٌثزى ىٌث س ِج ّج‬ ّْٝ ٌٚ ٠ٌٚ ٌٚ
ٚ ‫( ىض‬ٟ ‫ىٌث‬ٚ‫(وىعم َ ّج‬Seat Valve) ‫ىٌث ءجىط‬ٚ‫ؼ ّج‬ ٌٚ َ ٚ Cover
ٛ
Valve) ) ٓ -‫ ا‬-: ‫ضٌث ًِثعٌث ِجا‬ٟ ‫ٔع ًـا هوقص‬ٛ ١‫ّج ز‬ٚ ٌٍٚ َ ٟ٘ ‫ج‬ ٞ ٛ ٌٚ ّ ٌٍّٛ ٚ ٘ ٛ ٌ ٚ
ِ ٠ٍٍٟ‫ـ ِ ْؾىص ـ‬ٛ ‫ ز‬, ‫ص‬ ٚ ْ‫سججّ ث ٖ٘ي َونض‬ ِ ‫ث‬ٛ‫ٍَؽ ه‬ ‫ ْوٌث ز ٍـ ٌٍَ ٌـث‬. "‫ىوفث‬ٛ ‫فث‬١‫ص ٔجج‬ ٚ ٚ‫ى رٌىىٌث ٕعى‬ ِ
ٌْ
‫ مه ز ٌّع‬ٛ‫ح– ًة ٌْجث ي‬Entry speed ٝ‫ ؽ‬٠ ‫ عـوٌث خْقث‬-‫ـف‬ ٌ ٌْ ٚ
ِ ‫ؾث‬
‫يوع‬ ٌ ٠ٌ‫ًة ٌٍْ ٌٍْج ْج‬Flow Rate
ِ Suction and Discharge Pressure ‫ٔ ًة ّج‬١‫ ؿ‬,ّ‫َػًةج‬
‫ًثوم‬ ٌ ٌَ
‫ ) ـ‬-‫ًثومً (ه‬ ِ ‫ٍْق عـوٌث‬ ٌ ٌٍْ ‫فّث خ‬ٌّٛٛ ‫جث خ‬ٌٚ ٌٚ ‫ـ‬ٟ ‫ـضٌّث‬ٛ ٌ -‫ث ه‬ٛ ٙ ‫(ة ٌٌْْجث‬N.P.S.H ) ‫نّث‬ٌّٞٞ ‫ز‬
ِ ِٛ ‫سجف‬
‫ثف ٌْحضٌث‬ٛ‫س‬ ٖٖٛ ‫ ز ٔعج‬-4 ‫ثًه هوع ٘ـ‬ٚ ‫ س‬packing ‫ىضٌث عثًي ٌى‬ٛٙ ١ً ‫ٌّث‬ٚ ‫ٔثطىّوث ِذىى‬ٛ ٟ ‫ٌج‬ٚ٘ ‫ع ٔى هى‬ٛ ‫وىفث‬ ٚ ِ ‫سث ٖىقٌث‬
‫ٓى‬ ٛ ‫ث ٌح ْىضٌث ع‬ٚ ٦‫ٌّٕٕىّ َونضْ ص َجىىف‬
ِ ٕ
ٌّٞ ٘ ‫سث ٖىىقٌث‬ ٛ ‫ث‬١ٌٍ‫زىى‬ ْ ٌْ ّ ٚ ‫٘ى ص َونضىىْمه‬ٚ‫يى‬ ٖٖٚ٘
) ‫ضعوث‬١‫هج‬٠‫ ( زىى‬٠‫َونضىى‬ ْ ‫ىىـ‬ٟ ‫ىّث‬ٞ‫ىىْذىٌّث سجنى‬١‫ىى ز‬ٛ ٕ (Soft Packing) ‫ٕع‬ ٌّّٕ ‫ٕع ًة ٌْجث ٌحص‬ ٌّٕ
ٌٚ ٌّ ٝ ٌّٞ ٚ
‫ذ‬ٟٚ ١‫نّث ًذل ِِٓ ٗن هثث ٗضع‬ٞ‫يو ز‬ٚ ٌ‫ًثوم ه‬ ِ ‫ؽث‬ٞ ٌْ
‫ ٌـ‬ٌٞ ٠ ٚ‫ ًة ٌْجث رًثٌف ز ؽً ه‬, ‫ع روىع هى ٘ ٌٕج‬ٛ ٠‫ىٍع وىّضع‬ٝ ‫ى‬ ٔ ‫ضمث‬ ٚ ١‫ىقٌث ًجى‬ٖٛ ٖ ‫ىٌث ي‬ٙ‫ىٌإ ءث‬ٝ ‫ث ًىمثه‬٤‫ثط ّى‬ٛ ‫ث ٔز‬ٛ ٌ‫ثق‬ٛ‫س‬
ٌٙ ٛ ٖٖٛ
‫ىٍع‬ٝ ‫وع نالىّا‬ ٚ ‫عثىىٔثع َونضى‬ ٛ ‫ٓىى‬ ِ ‫سث ٖىىقٌث‬ ٛ ‫ى‬ٕٙ‫جى‬ ِ ِٚ ‫ع‬ٕٛ ٕٛ ‫ٓىى‬ ِ ‫ـثٌىٌث رهجىىّد زعذى ٌّٖٖىّث شىى ّْذوث‬١‫ْص شىى‬ ٚ ‫لىى وى ٕىع َونضىى‬ ٝ ‫ث‬٠ٌَ‫ ىى‬ٛ‫ًة ٌٌْْجث س‬
ِ ١ٔ‫ْص زى‬ ِٕ ِٕٙ ‫ى‬ٚ‫ى‬
‫عص‬ٛٝ ‫ثقٌث ٖ٘ي‬ٛ‫س‬ ٖٖٛ ‫ ٕو جمثه‬ٙ ‫ق‬ٚ ‫ثقٌث‬ٛ‫س‬ ٖٖٛ ‫زم ٌٌْْجث‬. ٕ ‫وى‬ ٕ ‫لى‬ ٝ ‫هثىٌّث‬ ٛ ‫ّفوث‬ ٚ ‫ج‬ٛ ‫ءجٌّث‬ ٚ ِٕ ِٕٚٙ ‫ ٕعص‬ٚ ِِٓ ‫يٌث ٓ ّج ٌمث‬ٞ ٠‫(ىضق‬Stuffing
‫ج‬ٕٙ ٛٞ Box) ٌ‫قص‬ ٚ ٚ‫ّثد ٌى‬ٛ ‫ قٌث زى ٍمف زطى‬ٚ‫ى‬
( Gland ) . ٌٚ
Y 3- :‫س ِج ّجث‬- Valves ‫سججّ ث روةجـ ْثع‬ ٌٚ ِ ٟ٘ ٌ‫ ض‬١ًْٙ ‫ع‬١ٍّ‫ق ز‬ ّ ‫لى خ‬ ٚٝ ‫ ًةج ٌْْىٌث‬, ٠ٚ‫ ْث خىؾ‬٠‫ ْىى‬ٛ ‫ىٌث‬ٌٚٚ ‫فم َ ّج‬١‫ ٍْىٌث ؿى‬ٛ ‫ٌى‬ٚ ‫هى‬
ٌٚ
١ٍّ‫ َ ّجث قال ؽٔث ز‬. ٌٕ ٌ‫طوف ٕخؾٕض‬ٚ ‫و‬ٙ ‫ س ِج‬١٘‫ى و‬١‫ءجعا ز‬ ١ًٌٚ ٌٚ
ٕ ) ‫ىٌث شىقص‬ٌٚٚ ‫ع ىضد َ ّج‬١ٌ ‫فص‬١‫ٔع هٌ ٘ ٕج ظ‬ٛ ِِٓ ‫صثى ًّّعص س ِججّ ث‬١‫صا ( ج‬ ٚ ‫ىذصج‬ ِٛ ١‫ج‬
ٚ ٌٚ ّْٝ ٌٚ ٠ٌٚ ٚ ‫ ىض‬ٟ ‫ٓى ْىىضص‬ ٛ ٌٚ ٌٞ
‫ى رٌىو‬ٙ ‫ ) ز ٍذ‬ِٚ ‫ر ٌمث‬ٛ ‫د ٌٕ ٌٕجث‬١ٞ‫ ز‬,‫ٔع هٌ ٘ ٕج‬ٛ ‫ىٌجد ٍّْص س ِج ّجث ِِٓ ٌمآ‬ٚ‫ٌثزى ىٌث س ِج ّج‬ ِ ‫ٕفٌىو ُ ْىؽ‬ٕٞٚ ٞ ‫ض ـضى‬ ٔ ١‫ زىؾ‬٠ٌَ‫ىٌث رهجى‬ٞ‫ؽ‬٠(‫وىعم‬
ٌٚ
‫ىٌث‬ٚ‫ َ( ّج‬Seat Valve) ‫ىٌث ءجىط‬ٚ‫ؼ ّج‬ ٌٚ َ ٚ Cover Valve) ) ٓ‫ـ ِ ْؾىص‬ٛ ‫ ز‬, ‫ص‬ ٛ ٚ ْ‫سججّ ث ٖ٘ي َونض‬ ٌٚ ّ ٌٍّٛ ٚ
‫ ْوٌث ز ٍـ ٌٍَ ٌـث‬. "‫ىوفٌث‬ٛ ‫فث‬ ٘ ٛ ٚ ١‫ص ٔجج‬ ٚ ٚ‫ى رٌىىٌث ٕعى‬
ِ ‫ث‬ٛ‫ٍَؽ ه‬ ِ
ٌ ٠ٌ‫ًة ٌٍْ ٌٍْج ْج‬ ٛ
-‫ ا‬-: ‫ضٌث ًِثعٌث ِجا‬ٟ ‫ٔع ًـا هوقص‬ٛ ١‫ّ ز‬ٚ‫َج‬ٌٍٚ ٟ٘ ‫ج‬ ٞ ٌْ
‫ مه‬ٛ‫ح– ًة ٌْجث ي‬
ِ ‫ؾث‬
‫يوع‬ ِ ٠ٍٟ‫ ٍـ‬Flow Rate
ٌّ‫زع‬Entry speed ‫ٌث خق‬ ٚ ‫ عـو‬-‫ـف‬oot

t. Every solid, liquid, gas, oot

t. Every solid, liquidnusoidal input voltage goes positive , the diode is forward biased and When the
sinusoidal input voltage goes positive , the diode is forward biased and conducts current through the
load resnusoidal input voltage goes positive , the diode is forward biased and When the sinusoidal input
voltage goes positive , the diode is forward biased and conducts current through the load resistor . The
current produces an output voltage across RL , which has the same shape as the positive half – cycle of
the input voltage . When the input voltage goesWhen the sinusoidal input voltage goes positive , the
diode is forward biased and conducts current through the load resistor . The current produces an
output voltage across RL , which has the same shape as the positive half – cycle of the input voltage .
When the input voltage goes negative during the second half of its cycle the diode is reversed biased .
There is no current , so the voltage across RL is zero . Thistor . The current produces an output voltage
across RL , which has the same shape as the positive half – cycle of the input voltage . When the input
voltage goesWhen the sinusoidal input voltage goes positive , the diode is forward biased and conducts
current through the load resistor . The current produces an output voltage across RL , which has the
same shape as the positive half – cycle of the input voltage . When the input voltage goes negative
during the second half of its cycle the diode is reversed biased . There is no current , so the voltage
across RL is zero . Th gas, and plasma is composed of neutral or ionized atoms. Atoms are very
small; tyWhen the sinusoidal input voltage goes positive , the diode is forward biased and When the
sinusoidal input voltage goes positive , the diode is forward biased and conducts current through the
load resistor . The current produces an output voltage across RL , which has the same shape as the
positive half – cycle of the input voltage . When the input voltage goesWhen the sinusoidal input voltage
goes positive , the diode is forward biased and conducts current through the load resistor . The current
produces an output voltage across RL , which has the same shape as the positive half – cycle of the
input voltage . When the input voltage goes negative during the second half of its cycle the diode is
reversed biased . There is no current , so the voltage across RL is zero . The net result is that only the
positive half – cycle of A.C input voltage appears across the load . negative during the second half of its
cycle the diode is reversed biased . There is no current , so the voltage across RL is zero . The net
result is that only the positive half – cycle of A.C input voltage appears across the load .conducts
current through the load resistor . The current produces an output voltage across RL , which has the
same shape as the positive half – cycle of the input voltage . When the input voltage goes negative
during the second half of its cycle the diode is reversed biased . There is no current , so the voltage
across RL is zero . The net result is that only the positive half – cycle of A.C input voltage appears
across the load . consists of a small, dense nucleus at the center, surrounded by electrons which
orbit the nucleus. ? The nucleus contains more than 99% of the mass of an atom, but
concentrates in an extremely small volumand plasma is composed of neutral or ionized oot

t. Every solid, liquid, gas, and plasma is composed of neutral or ionized atoms. Atoms are very
small; typical sizes are around 100 pm (a ten-billionth of a meter, in the short scale). ? An
atom consists of a small, dense nucleus at the center, surrounded by electrons which orbit the
nucleus. ? The nucleus contains more than 99% of the mass of an atom, but concentrates in an
extremely small volumatoms. Atoms are very small; typicaoot

t. Every solid, liquid, oot

t. Every solid, liquid, gas, and plasma is composed of neutral or ionized atoms. Atoms are very
small; typical sizes are around 100 pm (a ten-billionth of a meter, in the short scale). ? An
atom consists of a small, dense nucleus at the center, surrounded by electrons which orbit the
nucleus. ? The nucleus contains more than 99% of the mass of an atom, but concentrates in an
extremely small volumgas, and plasma is composed of neutral or ionized atoms. Atoms are very
small; typical sizes are around 100 pm (a ten-billionth of a meter, in the short scale). ? An
atom consists of a small, dense nucleus at the center, surrounded by electrons which orbit the
nucleus. ? The nucleus contains more than 99% of the mass of an atom, but concentrates in an
extremely small voluml sizes are around 100 pm (a ten-billionth of a meter, in the short
scale). ? An atom consists of a small, dense nucleus at the center, surrounded by electrons
which orbit the nucleus. ? The nucleus contains more than 99% of the mass of an atom, but
concentrates in an extremely small volumٌ‫ًثوم‬ ٌْ ِ ٝ‫ ؽ‬٠ ‫ث‬Suction and Discharge Pressure ‫ٔ ًة ّج‬١‫ ؿ‬,ّ‫َػًةج‬ ‫ ) ٌَ ٌـ‬-‫ً (ه‬
ٌّٛ
ٌ ٌٍْ ‫فّث خ‬ٛ‫جث خ‬ٌٚ ٌٚ ‫ـ‬ٟ ‫ـضٌّث‬ٛ ٌ -‫ث ه‬ٛ ٙ ‫(ة ٌٌْْجث‬N.P.S.H ) ‫ثف ٌْحضٌث‬ٛ‫س‬ ٚ ٌّٞ
ٖٖٛ ‫ ز ٔعج‬-4 ‫نّث سثًه هوع ٘ـ‬ٞ‫ ز‬packing ‫ٌّٕٕىّ َونضْ ص َجىىف‬
‫ًثوم‬ ِ ‫ٍْق عـوٌث‬ ِ ِٛ ‫سجف‬ ِ
‫ىضٌث عثًي ٌى‬ٛٙ ١ً ‫ٌّث‬ٚ ‫ٔثطىّوث ِذىى‬ٛ ٟ ‫ ٌٕج‬ٚ٘ ‫ع ٔى هى‬ٛ ‫وىفث‬ ٚ ‫ٓى‬
ِ ‫ث‬ٌ ‫ق‬ ‫ى‬
ٖ ‫سث‬ٛ ‫ع‬ ‫ٌث‬ ‫ض‬ ْ
‫ى‬ ‫ح‬ ٌ ٚ
‫ث‬ ٦ ) ‫ضعوث‬ ١‫هج‬٠‫ىىـ ( زىى‬ٟ ‫ىّث‬ٌّٞٞ ‫ىىْذىٌّث سجنى‬١‫ىى ز‬ٛ ٘ ‫سث ٖىىقٌث‬ ٛ ‫ث‬١ٌٍ‫زىى‬ ٕ
٠‫َونضىى‬
ْ (Soft Packing) ‫س ِج ّجث‬: -3 ً ‫ٕع‬ ٌٚ ٌّّٕ ٚ ‫٘ى ص َونضىىْمه‬ٚ‫يى‬ ٖٖٚ٘ - Valves ً ‫ع‬١ٍّ‫ق ز‬ ّ ‫لى خ‬ ٚ ٝ ‫ ًةجْىٌث‬, ٠ٚ‫ ْث خىؾ‬٠‫ىٌث ْىى‬ٚ‫فم َ ّج‬١‫ ٍْىٌث ؿى‬ٛ ‫ٌى‬ٚ ‫هى‬
ٌْ ٛ ٌٚ
١ٍّ‫ ّجث قال ؽٔث ز‬ٌٚ َ . ٌٕ ٌ‫طوف ٕخؾٕض‬ٚ ‫و‬ٙ ‫ س ِج‬١٘‫ و‬١ًٌٚ‫ى‬١‫ءجعا ز‬ ٕ ‫سججّ ث روةجـ ْثع‬
ٌٚ ِ ٟ٘ ٌ‫ ض‬١ْٙ ) ٌ ‫فص‬١‫ٔع هٌ ٘ج ظ‬ٛ ِِٓ ‫جّ ث‬ٌٚ ‫سج‬
ٕ ِ ‫صثى ًّّعص‬١‫صا ( ج‬ ٚ ‫ىذصج‬
ِٛ ١‫ج‬
ٚ ٌ ٔٛ ٌٚ ٍْ ّْٝ
‫ر ٌمث‬ٛ ‫د ٌٕ ٌٕجث‬١ٞ‫ ز‬,‫ىٌجد ّص س ِج ّجث ِِٓ ٌمآ ع ه ٘ ٕج‬ٚ‫ ىضٌثزى ىٌث س ِج ّج‬ٟ ‫ٓى ْىىضص‬ ٌٚ ٠ٌٚ ٚ ٛ ٌ ٌٚ ٞ ٠ٌَ ٌٞ ٌٚ
ِ ‫ٕفىو ُ ْىؽ‬ٕٞٚ ‫ض ـضى‬ ٔ ١‫ىٌث رهجى زىؾ‬ٞ‫ؽ‬٠ ‫ىٌث شىقص‬ٚ‫ع ىضد َ ّج‬١
‫ى رٌىو‬ٙ ‫( ) ز ٍذ‬ِٚ ‫ىٌث‬ٌٚٚ ‫(وىعم َ ّج‬Seat Valve) ‫ىٌث ءجىط‬ٌٚٚ ‫ؼ ّج‬ َ ٚ Cover Valve) ) ٓ ‫جّ ث ٖ٘ي‬ٌٚ ‫ث س ِج‬ٛ‫ه‬ ّ ٌٍّٛ ‫ٍَؽ‬ ٚ ‫٘ ْو‬ٛ . "‫ىوفٌث‬ٛ ‫فث‬
‫ٌث ز ٍـ ٌٍَ ٌـث‬ ٚ ١‫ص ٔجج‬ ٚ ٚ‫ى رٌىىٌث ٕعى‬ ِ
‫يوع‬ ‫ث‬ ‫ؾ‬ٌ ٠ٌ ‫ْج‬ ٌٍْ
‫ٍْج‬
ٌ ‫ًة‬ -‫ا‬ -: ‫ا‬‫ج‬ِ ‫ٌث‬ ‫ع‬ ٛ
‫ِث‬ ً ‫ٌث‬ ‫ض‬ ٟ ‫هوقص‬ ‫ـا‬ ً ٞ ‫ع‬ٔٛ ١ ‫ز‬ ٌٍٚ
ّٚ‫َج‬ ٟ ٘ ‫ج‬ ٠ ٍ ‫ـ‬
ٍٟ ‫ىص‬ ‫ؾ‬ْ ٛ ِ ‫ـ‬
ٛ ‫ز‬ , ‫ص‬ ٚ ْ‫َونض‬ Flow Rate
ِ ِ
‫ مه ز ٌّع‬ٛ‫ح– ًة ٌٌْْجث ي‬Entry speed ‫ًثوم‬ ٌْ ٚ ‫ عـو‬-‫ـف‬Suction and Discharge Pressure ‫ٔ ًة ّج‬١‫ ؿ‬,ّ‫َػج‬ ٙ ‫ة ٌٌْْجث‬
ِ ِٛ ‫سجف‬
ِ ٝ‫ ؽ‬٠ ‫ٌث خْقٌث‬ ‫ ) ٌَ ٌـًة‬-‫ثً (ه‬ٛ
‫ًثوم‬ ‫ٍْق عـوٌث ِ‬ ‫س‪ٛ‬ثف ٌْحضٌث ) ‪(N.P.S.H‬ه‪ٛ ٌ -‬ـضٌّث ‪ٟ‬ـ ٌ‪ٌٚ ٚ‬جث خ ٌّ‪ٛٛ‬فّث خ ٌٍْ ٌ‬ ‫ٌّٕٕىّ َونضْ ص َجىىف‪ٚ ٦‬ث ٌح ْىضٌث ‪ packing‬ز ٌّ‪ٞٞ‬نّث س ‪ٚ‬ثًه هوع ٘ـ ‪ -4‬ز ٔعج ٖٖ‪ٛ‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫وىفث ‪ٛ‬ع ٔى هى ٘‪ٌٕ ٚ‬ج ‪ٔٛ ٟ‬ثطىّوث ِذىى ‪ٌّٚ‬ث ً‪ٛٙ ١‬ىضٌث عثًي ٌى‬ ‫‪ٚ‬‬ ‫ٓى‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ث‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ٖ‬ ‫سث‬ ‫‪ٛ‬‬ ‫ع‬ ‫)‬ ‫ضعوث‬ ‫َونضىى ( زىى‪٠‬هج‪١‬‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫‪ٛ‬ىى ز‪١‬ىىْذىٌّث سجنى ٌّ‪ٞٞ‬ىّث ‪ٟ‬ىىـ‬ ‫سث ٖىىقٌث ٘‬ ‫زىىٌٍ‪١‬ث ‪ٛ‬‬ ‫ٕ‬
‫ى ‪ٝ‬ىٍع وىّضع‪ٛ ٠‬ع روىع هى ٘‪ٌٕ ٚ‬ج ‪٠(Soft Packing) ,‬‬ ‫ضمث ٔ‬ ‫‪ٚ‬‬ ‫ءث ٌ‪ٙٙ‬ىٌث ي ٖ ٖ‪ٛ‬ىقٌث ًجى‪١‬‬ ‫س‪ٛ‬ثقٌ ‪ٛ‬ث ٔز ‪ٛ‬ثط ّى‪٤‬ث ًىمثه ‪ٝ‬ىٌإ ‪ٛ‬‬ ‫يى‪٘ٚ‬ى ص َونضىىْمه ‪ّٕ ٚ‬ع ًة ٌٌْْجث ٌْحص ّٕع ٖٖ‪ٛ‬‬
‫ٌّٕ‬ ‫ٌّٕ‬ ‫ٖٖ٘‪ٚ‬‬
‫ّ‬ ‫ٌْ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ٌّ‪ٞ‬‬
‫ٓىى‬
‫ْص شىى‪١‬ـثىٌث رهجىىّد زعذى ٌّٖٖىّث شىىْذوث ِ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫لىى وى ٕىع َونضىى ‪ٚ‬‬ ‫ٌَ‪٠‬‬
‫ًثوم ه ‪ٚ‬يو ز‪ٞ‬نث ًذل ِِٓ ٗن هثث ٗضع‪ٟٚ ١‬ذ ًة ٌْجث س‪ ٛ‬ىى ث ‪ٝ‬‬ ‫‪ٚ‬‬ ‫ٌّ‬ ‫‪ٝ‬‬ ‫ّ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫‪ٞ‬ؽث ِ‬ ‫ًة ٌٌْْجث رًثف ز ؽً ه‪ٌ ٌٞ ٠ ٚ‬ـ‬ ‫ٌ‬
‫‪.‬زم ٌٌْْجث ٖٖ‪ٛ‬‬ ‫ّفوث ‪ٛ‬‬ ‫ٓىى ‪ٛ‬‬ ‫جىٕ‪ٙ‬ى ‪ٛ‬‬
‫س‪ٛ‬ثقٌث ‪ٚ‬ق ‪ٕ ٙ‬و جمثه‬ ‫وى ٕ‬ ‫لى ٕ‬ ‫هثىٌّث ‪ٝ‬‬ ‫ٌّث ‪ٛ‬ج ‪ٚ‬‬ ‫ٕ‪ٙ‬ج ءج ‪ٚ‬‬ ‫وع نالىّا ‪ٝ‬ىٍع ‪ٛٞ‬ىضق‪ٞ ٠‬يٌث ٓ ّج ٌمث ِِٓ ‪ٕ ٚ‬عص ِٕ‪ِٕ ٚٙ‬‬ ‫ْص زىٔ‪ِ ١‬‬ ‫عثى ٔىثع َونضى ‪ٚ‬‬ ‫سث ٖىىقٌث ِ‬ ‫ى‪ٚ‬ى ِٕ‪ِٕ ٙ‬‬ ‫ٕ‪ٕٛ ٛ‬ع ِ‪ِ ٚ‬‬
‫ٌ‪ٚ‬‬
‫س‪ٛ‬ثقٌث ‪: -3‬س ِج ّجث‬ ‫ٖ‪ٛ‬‬ ‫ق زٍّ‪١‬ع ‪: -3‬س ِج ّجث ‪ٖ - Valves‬‬ ‫ٌ‪ٚ‬‬ ‫لى خ ّ‬ ‫‪ٚ‬‬ ‫هى ‪ٌٚ‬ى ‪ٍْ ٛ‬ىٌث ؿى‪١‬فم ‪- Valves‬هى ‪ٌٚ‬ى ٍْىٌث ؿى‪١‬فم َ ّج‪ٚ‬ىٌث ْىى‪ْ ٠‬ث خىؾ‪ً , ٠ٚ‬ةجْىٌث ‪ٝ‬‬
‫ٌْ‬ ‫‪ٛ‬‬ ‫ٌ‪ٚ‬‬ ‫‪ٛ‬‬
‫ءجعا ز‪١‬ىً‪ ١ٌٚ‬و٘‪ ١‬س ِج ‪ٙ‬و ‪ٚ‬طوف ٕخؾٕضٌ ٌٕ ‪ّ ٌٚ َ .‬جث قال ؽٔث زٍّ‪١‬‬ ‫سججّ ث روةجـ ْثع ٕ‬
‫ق زٍّ‪١‬ع ًْ‪ ١ٙ‬ضٌ ‪ٌٚ ِ ٟ٘‬‬ ‫لى خ ّ‬ ‫صا ) َ ّج ٌ‪ٚٚ‬ىٌث ‪ْ ٛ‬ىى‪ْ ٠‬ث خىؾ‪ً , ٠ٚ‬ةج ٌْْىٌث ‪ٚٝ‬‬ ‫ىذصج ‪ٚ‬‬ ‫‪ِٛ‬‬ ‫ج‪١‬‬
‫ٌ‪٠ٚ‬‬ ‫‪ٚ‬‬ ‫‪ٛ‬‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ٌ‪ٚ‬‬ ‫‪ٞ‬‬ ‫ٌَ‪٠‬‬ ‫ٌ‪ٞ‬‬ ‫ٌ‪ٚ‬‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫‪ٔٛ‬‬ ‫ٌ‪ٚ‬‬ ‫ًّ‬
‫ٓى ْىىضص ‪ ٟ‬ىضٌثزى ىٌث‬ ‫ض ـضى ٕ‪ٕٞٚ‬فىو ُ ْىؽ ِ‬ ‫سججّ ث ِِٓ ع ه ٘ ٕج ظ‪١‬فص ٌ‪١‬ع ىضد َ ّج‪ٚ‬ىٌث شىقص ‪٠‬ؽ‪ٞ‬ىٌث رهجى زىؾ‪ٔ ١‬‬ ‫( ج‪١‬صثى ّعص ِ‬
‫ِ‪ ) ٚ‬ز ٍذ ‪ٙ‬ى رٌىو‬ ‫ؼ ّج ٌ‪ٚٚ‬ىٌث ءجىط )‪(Seat Valve‬وىعم َ ّج ٌ‪ٚٚ‬ىٌث(س ِج ّج ٌ‪ٚٚ‬ىٌجد ّْ‪ٍّْ ٝ‬ص س ِج ٌ‪ّ ٚ‬جث ِِٓ ٌمآ ‪ٔٛ‬ع هٌ ٘‪ٕ ٚ‬ج‪ ,‬ز‪١ٞ‬د ٌٕ ٌٕجث ‪ٛ‬ر ٌمث‬ ‫ى رٌىىٌث ٓ ) )‪َ ٚ Cover Valve‬‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ؾث‬ ‫ًة ٌٍْ ٌٍْج ْجٌ‪ٌ ٠‬‬ ‫ج ‪ّٚ ٌٍٚ َ ٟ٘‬ج ز‪ٔٛ ١‬ع ‪ً ٞ‬ـا هوقص ‪ٟ‬ضٌث ً ‪ِٛ‬ثعٌث ِجا ‪ -:‬ا‪-‬‬ ‫‪٠‬‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ـ‬
‫ٍ‪ٟ‬‬ ‫ىص‬ ‫ؾ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ص ‪ ,‬ز ‪ٛ‬ـ ِ‪ٛ‬‬ ‫‪ٚ‬‬ ‫َونضْ‬ ‫ٖي‬ ‫٘‬ ‫ث‬ ‫جّ‬ ‫سج ٌ‪ٚ‬‬ ‫ه‪ٛ‬ث‬ ‫ّ‬ ‫ٌٍّ‪ٛ‬‬ ‫ٍَؽ‬
‫ث‬ ‫ـ‬
‫ٌ‬ ‫ٌٍَ‬ ‫ـ‬
‫ٍ‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ٌث‬‫‪ٚ‬‬ ‫و‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫فث ‪ٛ‬ىوفٌث" ‪٘ٛ .‬‬ ‫‪ٚ‬‬ ‫‪١‬‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ج‬
‫ٔ‬ ‫ص‬ ‫‪ٚ‬‬ ‫ى‪ٚ‬‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ٕ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ًثوم ‪Entry speed‬ح– ًة ٌٌْْجث ي‪ ٛ‬مه ز‬ ‫‪Suction and‬ـف‪ -‬عـو ‪ٌْ ٚ‬‬
‫‪Flow‬يوع‬
‫ِ‬ ‫‪Rate‬‬ ‫ٌّ‬
‫ع‬ ‫ٌث خْقٌث ‪ ٠‬ؽ‪ِ ٝ‬‬
‫‪ٛ‬ث ه‪ٛ ٌ -‬ـضٌّث ‪ٟ‬ـ ٌ‪ٌٚ ٚ‬جث خ‪ٛ‬فّث خ ٌٍْ ٌ‬ ‫ٌّ‪ٛ‬‬ ‫ز ٌّ‪ٞٞ‬نّث س ‪ٚ‬ثًه هوع ٘ـ ‪(N.P.S.H ) -4‬ة ٌٌْْجث ‪ٙ‬‬
‫َػجّ‪ ,‬ؿ‪ً ٔ١‬ة ّج ‪Discharge Pressure‬‬ ‫ًثومً (ه‪ٌَ ) -‬ـًٌة‬ ‫ٍْق عـوٌث ِ‬ ‫سجف ِ‪ِ ٛ‬‬
‫س‪ٛ‬ثف ٌْحضٌث‬ ‫وىفث ‪ٛ‬ع ٔى هى ٘‪ٌٚ‬ج ‪ٔٛ ٟ‬ثطىّوث ِذىى ‪ٌّٚ‬ث ً‪ٛٙ ١‬ىضٌث عثًي ٌى ‪ packing‬ز ٔعج ٖٖ‪ٛ‬‬ ‫‪ٚ‬‬ ‫ٓى‬ ‫سث ٖىقٌث ِ‬ ‫ٕى َونضْ ص َجىىف‪ٚ ٦‬ث ٌح ْىضٌث ع ‪ٛ‬‬ ‫زىى‪٠‬هج‪١‬ضعو ) ٌّٕ ّ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ٕ‬
‫ٌّ‪ٞ‬‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫‪ٛ‬‬ ‫ٌ‪ٙ‬‬ ‫‪ٛ‬‬ ‫‪ٛ‬‬ ‫‪ٛ‬‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ٖ‪ٛ‬‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ٌْ‬ ‫ٖٖ٘‪ٚ‬‬
‫َونضىى‪ ( ٠‬ث‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫‪ٟ‬ىىـ‬ ‫ث‬ ‫ّ‬ ‫‪ٞ‬ى‬ ‫سجنى‬ ‫ٌّث‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ْذ‬
‫ى‬ ‫ى‬‫‪١‬‬ ‫ز‬ ‫‪ٛ‬ىى‬ ‫٘‬ ‫ث‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ىى‬‫ٖ‬ ‫سث‬ ‫ث‬ ‫ٌٍ‪١‬‬ ‫زىى‬ ‫ٕ‬ ‫‪(Soft‬‬ ‫)‪Packing‬‬ ‫ث‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫‪ٙ‬ى‬ ‫ءث‬ ‫ٌإ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫‪ٝ‬‬ ‫ًىمثه‬ ‫ث‬ ‫‪٤‬‬ ‫ى‬‫ّ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ث‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ٔ‬ ‫ث‬ ‫ق‬ ‫س‪ٛ‬ث‬ ‫ٌّٕ ٖ‬ ‫ّ‬
‫ٕع‬ ‫ص‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ث‬ ‫ْج‬‫ٌ‬ ‫يى‪٘ٚ‬ى ص َونضىىْمه ‪ٌّّٕ ٚ‬‬
‫ٕع ًة‬
‫ٌ‬ ‫ٌّ‪ٞ‬‬
‫لىى وى ٕىع‬ ‫ًثوم هٌ ‪ٚ‬يو ز‪ٞ‬نّث ًذل ِِٓ ‪ٗٝ‬ن هثٌّ ‪ٚ‬ث ٗضع‪ٟٚ ١‬ذ ًة ٌٌْْجث س‪ ٛ‬ىىٌَ‪٠‬ث ‪ٝ‬‬ ‫‪ٞ‬ؽث ِ‬ ‫ى ‪ٝ‬ىٍع وىّضع‪ٛ ٠‬ع روىع هى ٘‪ٌٕ ٚ‬ج ‪ً ,‬ة ٌٌْْجث رًثٌف ز ؽً ه‪ٌ ٌٞ ٠ ٚ‬ـ‬ ‫ضمث ٔ‬ ‫‪ٚ‬‬ ‫ي ٖ ٖ‪ٛ‬ىقٌث ًجى‪١‬‬
‫ٕ‪ٙ‬ج‪ٚ‬‬ ‫‪ٛ‬‬ ‫‪ٛ‬‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫‪ٛ‬‬ ‫ّ‬ ‫ٌ‬
‫وع نالىّا ‪ٝ‬ىٍع ‪ٞ‬ىضق‪ٞ ٠‬يٌث ٓ ّج ٌمث ِِٓ ‪ٕ ٚ‬عص ِٕ‪ِٕ ٙ‬‬ ‫ْص زىٔ‪ِ ١‬‬ ‫ٓىى عثىىٔثع َونضى ‪ٚ‬‬ ‫جىٕ‪ٙ‬ى سث ٖىىقث ِ‬ ‫ى‪ٚ‬ى ِٕ‪ِٕ ٙ‬‬ ‫ٓىى ٕ‪ٕٛ ٛ‬ع ِ‪ِ ٚ‬‬ ‫ْص شىى‪١‬ـثىٌث رهجىىّد زعذى ٌّٖٖىّث شىىْذوث ِ‬ ‫َونضىى ‪ٚ‬‬
‫س‪ٛ‬ثقث ٖ٘ي عص‬ ‫‪ٛ‬‬ ‫‪ٝ‬‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ٖ‪ٛ‬‬ ‫س‪ٛ‬ثقث ق ‪ٕ ٙ‬و جمثه ٖ‬ ‫‪ٚ‬‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ٖ‪ٛ‬‬ ‫‪.‬زم ٌْجث ٖ‬ ‫ٌْ‬ ‫‪ٛ‬‬ ‫‪ٚ‬‬ ‫‪ٚ‬‬ ‫‪ٚ‬‬ ‫ٌى‪ٚ‬‬ ‫‪ٛ‬‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ى‪ٚ‬‬ ‫ْ‪ ١ٙ‬ضٌ ٘‪( Gland ) ًٟ‬‬
‫وى ٕ‬ ‫لى ٕ‬ ‫قث زى ٍمف زطىّثد قصٌ )‪(Stuffing Box‬ءجٌّث ‪ٛ‬جّفوث هثىٌّث ‪ٝ‬‬
‫ءجعا ز‪١‬ى و٘‪ ١‬س ِج ‪ٙ‬و ‪ٚ‬طوف ٕخؾٕضٌ ٌٕ ‪ّ ٌٚ َ .‬جث قال ؽٔث زٍّ‪١‬‬ ‫ً‪١ٌٚ‬‬ ‫صا ( ج‪١‬صثى ًّّعص س ِج ٌ‪ٚ‬جّ ث ِِٓ ‪ٔٛ‬ع هٌ ٘ج ظ‪١‬فص ٌ‪١‬ع ) ِ ٌ‪ٚ‬‬ ‫ج‪١‬ىذص ‪ِ ٛ‬ج ‪ٚ‬‬
‫سججّ ث روةجـ ْثع ٕ‬ ‫ٕ‬
‫ٌثزىٌ‪ ٠ٚ‬ىٌث س ِج ّج ٌ‪ٚٚ‬ىٌجد ٍّْص س ِج ّجث ِِٓ ٌمآ ‪ٔٛ‬ع هٌ ٘‪ٕ ٚ‬ج‪ ,‬ز‪١ٞ‬د ٌٕ ٌٕجث ‪ٛ‬ر ٌمث‬ ‫ٌ‪ٚ‬‬ ‫ّْ‪ٝ‬‬ ‫ٓى ‪ْ ٛ‬ىىضص ‪ ٟ‬ىض ‪ٚ‬‬ ‫ٌ‪ٚ‬‬
‫ض ـضى ‪ٕٕٞٚ ٞ‬فٌىو ُ ْىؽ ِ‬ ‫ىضد َ ّج ٌ‪ٚٚ‬ىٌث شىقص ‪٠‬ؽ ٌ‪ٞٞ‬ىٌث رهجىٌَ‪ ٠‬زىؾ‪ٔ ١‬‬
‫ؼ ّج‪ٚ‬ىٌث ءجىط )‪(Seat Valve‬وىعم َ ّج‪ٚ‬ىٌث ِ‪ ) (ٚ‬ز ٍذ ‪ٙ‬ى رٌىو‬ ‫ٌ‪ٚ‬‬ ‫ٌ‪ٚ‬‬ ‫ٍَؽ ه‪ٛ‬ث س ِججّ ث ٖ٘ي ٓ ) )‪َ ٚ Cover Valve‬‬ ‫ٌ‪ٚ‬‬ ‫ّ‬ ‫ٌٍّ‪ٛ‬‬ ‫ٌث ز ٍـ ٌٍَ ٌـث‬ ‫فث ‪ٛ‬ىوفٌث" ‪ْ ٘ٛ .‬و ‪ٚ‬‬ ‫ص ٔجج‪ٚ ١‬‬ ‫ى رٌىىٌث ٕعى‪ٚ ٚ‬‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ج ‪ٌٍَٚ ٟ٘‬ج‪ ّٚ‬ز‪ٔٛ ١‬ع ًـا هوقص ‪ٟ‬ضٌث ًِثعٌث ِجا ‪ -:‬ا‪-‬‬ ‫‪ٛ‬‬ ‫‪ٞ‬‬ ‫‪ٛ‬‬
‫ؾث ِ‬
‫يوع‬ ‫ًة ٌٍْ ٌٍْج ْجٌ‪ٌ ٠‬‬ ‫ص ‪ ,‬ز ‪ٛ‬ـ ِ ْؾىص ٍـٍ‪ِ ٠ٟ‬‬ ‫‪َFlow Rate‬ونضْ ‪ٚ‬‬
‫ًثوم ‪Entry speed‬ح– ًة ٌٌْْجث ي‪ ٛ‬مه زعٌّ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ٌْ‬ ‫‪ٚ‬‬ ‫‪ٛ‬ثً (ه‪ٌَ ) -‬ـًٌة‬ ‫سجف ِ‪ِ ٛ‬‬ ‫ة ٌٌْْجث ‪ٙ‬‬
‫َػجّ‪ ,‬ؿ‪ً ٔ١‬ة ّج ‪Suction and Discharge Pressure‬ـف‪ -‬عـوٌث خْقث ‪ ٠‬ؽ‪ِ ٝ‬‬
‫ٌّ‪ٛ‬‬
‫س‪ٛ‬ثف ٌْحضٌث ) ‪(N.P.S.H‬ه‪ٛ ٌ -‬ـضٌّث ‪ٟ‬ـ ٌ‪ٌٚ ٚ‬جث خ‪ٛ‬فّث خ ٌٍْ ٌ‬ ‫ٌّٕٕىّ َونضْ ص َجىىف‪ٚ ٦‬ث ٌح ْىضٌث ‪ packing‬ز‪ٞ‬نّث سثًه هوع ٘ـ ‪ -4‬ز ٔعج ٖٖ‪ٛ‬‬ ‫‪ٚ‬‬ ‫ٌّ‪ٞ‬‬
‫ًثوم‬
‫ٍْق عـوٌث ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫وىفث ‪ٛ‬ع ٔى هى ٘‪ٌٕ ٚ‬ج ‪ٔٛ ٟ‬ثطىّوث ِذىى ‪ٌّٚ‬ث ً‪ٛٙ ١‬ىضٌث عثًي ٌى‬ ‫‪ٚ‬‬ ‫ٓى‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ث‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ٖ‬ ‫سث‬ ‫‪ٛ‬‬ ‫ع‬ ‫)‬ ‫ضعوث‬ ‫َونضىى ( زىى‪٠‬هج‪١‬‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫‪ٛ‬ىى ز‪١‬ىىْذىٌّث سجنى ٌّ‪ٞٞ‬ىّث ‪ٟ‬ىىـ‬ ‫سث ٖىىقٌث ٘‬ ‫زىىٌٍ‪١‬ث ‪ٛ‬‬ ‫ٕ‬
‫ى ‪ٝ‬ىٍع وىّضع‪ٛ ٠‬ع روىع هى ٘‪ٌٕ ٚ‬ج ‪٠(Soft Packing) ,‬‬ ‫ٔ‬ ‫ضمث‬ ‫‪ٚ‬‬ ‫‪١‬‬ ‫ًجى‬ ‫ث‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ق‬ ‫‪ٛ‬ى‬ ‫ٖ‬ ‫ٖ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ث‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫‪ٙ‬ى‬ ‫ٌ‪ٙ‬‬ ‫‪ٛ‬‬
‫ءث‬ ‫ٌإ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫‪ٝ‬‬ ‫ًىمثه‬ ‫ث‬ ‫‪٤‬‬ ‫ى‬‫ّ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ث‬ ‫‪ٛ‬‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ٔ‬ ‫‪ٛ‬‬
‫ث‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ق‬ ‫س‪ٛ‬ث‬ ‫ٖ‪ٛ‬‬ ‫ٌّٕ ٖ‬ ‫ٕع‬ ‫ّ‬ ‫ص‬ ‫ح‬
‫ٌ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ث‬ ‫ْج‬
‫ٌ‬ ‫ٌْ‬ ‫ًة‬ ‫ٕع‬ ‫ٌّٕ‬ ‫ّ‬ ‫‪ٚ‬‬ ‫ْمه‬ ‫ى‬ ‫َونضى‬ ‫ص‬ ‫ٖٖ٘‪ٚ‬‬
‫يى‪٘ٚ‬ى‬
‫ّ‬ ‫ٌْ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ٌّ‪ٞ‬‬
‫ٓىى‬
‫ْص شىى‪١‬ـثىٌث رهجىىّد زعذى ٌّٖٖىّث شىىْذوث ِ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫لىى وى ٕىع َونضىى ‪ٚ‬‬ ‫ًثوم هٌ ‪ٚ‬يو ز‪ٞ‬نّث ًذل ِِٓ ‪ٗٝ‬ن هثث ٗضع‪ٟٚ ١‬ذ ًة ٌْجث س‪ ٛ‬ىىٌَ‪٠‬ث ‪ٝ‬‬ ‫‪ٚ‬‬ ‫ٌّ‬ ‫‪ٞ‬ؽث ِ‬ ‫ًة ٌٌْْجث ًرثف ز ؽً ه‪ٌ ٌٞ ٠ ٚ‬ـ‬ ‫ٌ‬
‫‪.‬زم ٌٌْْجث ٖٖ‪ٛ‬‬ ‫ّفوث ‪ٛ‬‬ ‫ٓىى ‪ٛ‬‬ ‫جىٕ‪ٙ‬ى ‪ٛ‬‬
‫س‪ٛ‬ثقٌث ‪ٚ‬ق ‪ٕ ٙ‬و جمثه‬ ‫وى ٕ‬ ‫لى ٕ‬ ‫هثىٌّث ‪ٝ‬‬ ‫ٌّث ‪ٛ‬ج ‪ٚ‬‬ ‫ٕ‪ٙ‬ج ءج ‪ٚ‬‬ ‫وع نالىّا ‪ٝ‬ىٍع ‪ٛٞ‬ىضق‪ٞ ٠‬يٌث ٓ ّج ٌمث ِِٓ ‪ٕ ٚ‬عص ِٕ‪ِٕ ٚٙ‬‬ ‫ْص زىٔ‪ِ ١‬‬ ‫عثىىٔثع َونضى ‪ٚ‬‬ ‫سث ٖىىقٌث ِ‬ ‫ى‪ٚ‬ى ِٕ‪ِٕ ٙ‬‬ ‫ٕ‪ٕٛ ٛ‬ع ِ‪ِ ٚ‬‬
‫س‪ٛ‬ثقٌث ٖ٘ي ‪ٝ‬عص‬ ‫‪ٛ‬‬ ‫قصٌ )‪ٖٖٛ (Stuffing Box‬‬ ‫ى‪ ٚ‬قٌث زى ٍمف زطى ‪ّٛ‬ثد ٌى‪ٚ ٚ‬‬ ‫‪(Stuffing‬عص ٘ ) ‪( Gland‬‬ ‫‪ٛ‬‬ ‫‪ٝ‬‬ ‫قصٌ )‪Box‬‬ ‫ى‪ ٚ‬قٌث زى ٍمف زطى ‪ّٛ‬ثد ٌى‪ٚ ٚ‬‬
‫‪:‬سج ّجث ) ‪( Gland‬‬ ‫ٌ‪ٚ‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫هى ‪ٌٚ‬ى ‪ٍْ ٛ‬ىٌث ؿى‪١‬فم َ ّج ٌ‪ٚٚ‬ىٌث ‪ْ ٛ‬ىى‪- Valves ٠‬هى ‪ٌٚ‬ى ‪ٍْ ٛ‬ىٌث ؿى‪١‬فم َ ّج ٌ‪ٚٚ‬ىٌث ‪ْ ٛ‬ىى‪ْ ٠‬ث خىؾ‪: -3 ٠ٚ‬س ِج ّجث ‪- Valves‬ذل ٓ ‪-3‬‬ ‫ٌ‪ٚ‬‬
‫ءجعا ز‪١‬ىً‪ ١ٌٚ‬و٘‪ ١‬س ِج ‪ٙ‬و ‪ٚ‬طوف ٕخؾٕضٌ ٌٕ ‪ّ َ .‬جث قال ؽٔث زٍّ‪١‬‬ ‫ٌ‪ٚ‬‬
‫سججّ ث روةجـ ْثع ٕ‬
‫ق زٍّ‪١‬ع ًْ‪ ١ٙ‬ضٌ ‪ٌٚ ِ ٟ٘‬‬ ‫لى خ ّ‬ ‫صا ( ج‪١‬صثى ) ْث خىؾ‪ً , ٠ٚ‬ةج ٌْْىٌث ‪ٚٝ‬‬ ‫ىذصج ‪ٚ‬‬ ‫‪ِٛ‬‬ ‫ج‪١‬‬
‫ٍْ‬ ‫ّْ‪ٝ‬‬ ‫ٌ‪ٚ‬‬ ‫ٌ‪٠ٚ‬‬ ‫‪ٚ‬‬ ‫‪ٛ‬‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ٌ‪ٚ‬‬ ‫‪ٞ‬‬ ‫ٌَ‪٠‬‬ ‫ٌ‪ٞ‬‬ ‫ٌ‪ٚ‬‬ ‫ٌ‪ٚ‬‬ ‫ًّ‬
‫ٓى ْىىضص ‪ ٟ‬ىضٌثزى ىٌث س ِج ّج‪ٚ‬ىٌجد ّص‬ ‫ض ـضى ٕ‪ٕٞٚ‬فىو ُ ْىؽ ِ‬ ‫سججّ ث ِِٓ ‪ٔٛ‬ع هٌ ٘ ٕج ظ‪١‬فص ٌ‪١‬ع ىضد َ ّج‪ٚ‬ىٌث شىقص ‪٠‬ؽ‪ٞ‬ىٌث رهجى زىؾ‪ٔ ١‬‬ ‫ّعص ِ‬
‫ِ‪ ) ٚ‬ز ٍذى رٌىو‬ ‫‪ٙ‬‬ ‫‪ٛ‬‬
‫ؼ ّج‪ٚ‬ىٌث ءجىط )‪(Seat Valve‬وىعم َ ّج‪ٚ‬ىٌث(س ِج ّجث ِِٓ ٌمآ ع ه ٘ ٕج‪ ,‬ز‪١ٞ‬د ٌٕ ٌٕجث ر ٌمث‬ ‫‪ٚ‬‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫‪ٔٛ‬‬ ‫ٌ‪ٚ‬‬ ‫ٌ‪ٚ‬‬ ‫ٌ‪ٚ‬‬ ‫ى رٌىىٌث ٕع ص ٔججٓ ) )‪َ ٚ Cover Valve‬‬ ‫‪ٚ‬‬ ‫ى‪ٚ‬‬ ‫ِ‬
‫يوع‬ ‫ث‬ ‫ؾ‬‫ٌ‬ ‫ٌ‪٠‬‬ ‫ْج‬ ‫ٍْج‬
‫ٌ‬ ‫ٌٍْ‬ ‫ًة‬ ‫ا‪-‬‬ ‫‪-:‬‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ٌث‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ِث‬ ‫‪ٛ‬‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ٌث‬ ‫ض‬ ‫‪ٟ‬‬ ‫هوقص‬ ‫ـا‬ ‫ً‬ ‫‪ٞ‬‬ ‫ع‬ ‫‪ٔٛ‬‬ ‫‪١‬‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ٌٍ‪ٚ‬‬
‫َج‪ّٚ‬‬ ‫‪ٟ‬‬ ‫٘‬ ‫ج‬ ‫‪٠‬‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ـ‬
‫ٍ‪ٟ‬‬ ‫ىص‬ ‫ؾ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫‪ٛ‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫‪ٛ‬‬ ‫ز‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫ص‬ ‫‪ٚ‬‬ ‫َونضْ‬ ‫ٖي‬ ‫٘‬ ‫ث‬ ‫ٌ‪ٚ‬‬
‫جّ‬ ‫ج‬ ‫س‬ ‫ّ‬
‫ه‪ٛ‬ث‬ ‫ٌٍّ‪ٛ‬‬ ‫ٍَؽ‬ ‫ث‬ ‫ـ‬
‫ٌ‬ ‫ٍ ٌٍَ‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ٌث‬ ‫‪ٚ‬‬ ‫و‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫٘‬ ‫‪ٛ‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬ ‫ث"‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ىو‬ ‫‪ٛ‬‬ ‫فث‬ ‫‪ٚ‬‬ ‫‪١‬‬ ‫‪Flow‬‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫‪Rate‬‬ ‫ًثوم ‪Entry speed‬ح– ًة ٌٌْْجث ي‪ ٛ‬مه ز ٌّع‬ ‫ؽ‪ٝ‬‬ ‫‪٠‬‬ ‫ث‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ٌث خ ٌْ‬
‫ْق‬ ‫‪ٚ‬‬ ‫و‬ ‫عـ‬ ‫ـف‪-‬‬ ‫‪Suction and Discharge‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫‪ٛ‬ث ه‪ٛ ٌ -‬ـضٌّث ‪ٟ‬ـ ٌ‪ٌٚ ٚ‬جث خ‪ٛ‬فّث خ ٌٍْ ٌ‬ ‫ٌّ‪ٛ‬‬ ‫س‪ٛ‬ثف ) ‪(N.P.S.H‬ة ٌٌْْجث ‪ٙ‬‬ ‫ز ٌّ‪ٞٞ‬نّث س ‪ٚ‬ثًه هوع ٘ـ ‪ -4‬ز ٔعج ٖٖ‪ٛ‬‬
‫َػجّ‪ ,‬ؿ‪ً ٔ١‬ة ّج ‪Pressure‬‬ ‫ًثومً (ه‪ٌ ٌَ ) -‬ـًة‬ ‫ٍْق عـوٌث ِ‬ ‫سجف ِ‪ِ ٛ‬‬ ‫ِ‬
‫وىفث ‪ٛ‬ع ٔى هى ٘‪ٌٕ ٚ‬ج ‪ٔٛ ٟ‬ثطىّوث ِذىى ‪ٌّٚ‬ث ً‪ٛٙ ١‬ىضٌث عثًي ٌى ‪ٌْ packing‬حضٌث‬ ‫‪ٚ‬‬ ‫ٓى‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ث‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ٖ‬ ‫‪ٛ‬‬
‫سث‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ٌث‬ ‫ض‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ى‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ث‬ ‫‪ٚ‬‬ ‫‪٦‬‬ ‫َجىىف‬ ‫ص‬ ‫َونضْ‬ ‫ٕىّ‬
‫زىىٌٍ‪ ( ١‬زىى‪٠‬هج‪١‬ضعوث ) ٌّٕ‬ ‫ٕ‬
‫َونضىى‪٠‬‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫‪ٛ‬ىى ز‪١‬ىىْذىٌّث سجنى‪ٞ‬ىّث ‪ٟ‬ىىـ‬ ‫ٌّ‪ٞ‬‬ ‫ٌ‬
‫س‪ٛ‬ثقث ٔزثط ّى‪٤‬ث ًىمثه ‪ٝ‬ىٌإ ءث‪ٙ‬ىٌث ي ٖ ٖ‪ٛ‬ىقث )‪(Soft Packing‬ث سث ٖىىقث ٘‬ ‫‪ٛ‬‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ٌ‪ٙ‬‬ ‫‪ٛ‬‬ ‫‪ٛ‬‬ ‫‪ٛ‬‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ٖ‪ٛ‬‬ ‫ٕع ٖ‬ ‫ٕع ًة ٌٌْْجث ٌْحص ٌّّٕ‬ ‫يى‪٘ٚ‬ى ص َونضىىْمه ‪ٌّّٕ ٚ‬‬ ‫ٖٖ٘‪ٚ‬‬
‫لىى وى ٕىع َونضىى ‪ٚ‬‬ ‫ٌَ‪٠‬‬ ‫ٌْ‬ ‫‪ٚ‬‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ٌّ‬ ‫‪ٝ‬‬ ‫ّ‬ ‫ٌّ‪ٞ‬‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ٌْ‬ ‫‪ٚ‬‬ ‫‪ٛ‬‬ ‫‪ٚ‬‬
‫ْص‬ ‫ًثوم ه ‪ٚ‬يو ز‪ٞ‬نث ًذل ِِٓ ٗن هثث ٗضع‪ٟٚ ١‬ذ ًة ٌْجث س‪ ٛ‬ىى ث ‪ٝ‬‬ ‫‪ٞ‬ؽث ِ‬ ‫ى ‪ٝ‬ىٍع وىّضع‪ ٠‬ع روىع هى ٘ ٌٕج ‪ً ,‬ة ٌْجث ًرثف ز ؽً ه‪ٌ ٌٞ ٠ ٚ‬ـ‬ ‫ًجى‪١‬ضمث ٔ‬
‫ءجٌّث‬‫‪ٚ‬‬ ‫وع نالىّا ‪ٝ‬ىٍع ‪ٛٞ‬ىضق‪ٞ ٠‬يٌث ٓ ّج ٌمث ِِٓ ‪ٕ ٚ‬عص ِٕ‪ِٚ ٙ‬‬
‫ٕ‪ٙ‬ج‬ ‫ٔ‪١‬‬ ‫زى‬ ‫‪ٚ‬‬
‫ْص‬ ‫ى‬ ‫َونض‬ ‫ثع‬ ‫ى‬
‫ِ ٔ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫عث‬ ‫‪ٛ‬‬ ‫ٓىى‬ ‫ث‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ىى‬ ‫ٖ‬ ‫سث‬ ‫‪ٛ‬‬ ‫جىٕ‪ٙ‬ى‬
‫ِٕ‬ ‫ِٕ‪ٙ‬‬ ‫ى‪ٚ‬ى‬ ‫ِ ٕ ِ‬ ‫ِ‪ٚ‬‬ ‫‪ٛ‬ع‬ ‫ٕ‪ٛ‬‬ ‫ٓىى‬ ‫وث‬ ‫ْذ‬ ‫ّ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫شى‬ ‫ث‬ ‫ّ‬ ‫ٖى‬
‫ٌّٖ‬ ‫زعذى‬ ‫ّد‬ ‫ى‬ ‫رهجى‬ ‫شىى‪١‬ـثٌىٌث‬
‫ٕ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫س‪ٛ‬ثقٌث ٖ٘ي ‪ٝ‬عص‬ ‫‪ٛ‬‬ ‫ٖ‪ٛ‬‬ ‫س‪ٛ‬ثقٌث ق ‪ٕ ٙ‬و جمثه ٖ‬ ‫‪ٚ‬‬ ‫ٖ‪ٛ‬‬ ‫‪.‬زم ٌْجث ٖ‬ ‫ٌْ‬ ‫‪ٛ‬‬ ‫‪ٚ‬‬ ‫ى‪ ٚ‬قٌث زى ٍمف زطىّثد ٌى‪ٚ ٚ‬‬ ‫‪ٛ‬‬ ‫ٍّ‪١‬ع ًْ‪ ١ٙ‬ضٌ ‪( Gland ) ٟ٘‬‬
‫وى ٕ‬ ‫لى ٕ‬ ‫‪(Stuffing‬جّفوث هثىٌّث ‪ٝ‬‬ ‫‪ٛ‬‬ ‫قصٌ )‪Box‬‬
‫ءجعا ز‪١‬ىً‪ ١ٌٚ‬و٘‪ ١‬س ِج ‪ٙ‬و ‪ٚ‬طوف ٕخؾٕضٌ ٌٕ ‪ّ ٌٚ َ .‬جث قال ؽٔث زٍّ‪١‬‬ ‫سججّ ث روةجـ ْثع ٕ‬
‫صا ( ج‪١‬صثى ًّّعص س ِج ٌ‪ٚ‬جّ ث ِِٓ ‪ٔٛ‬ع هٌ ٘ج ظ‪١‬فص ٌ‪١‬ع ) ِ ٌ‪ٚ‬‬
‫ٕ‬ ‫ج‪١‬ىذص ‪ِ ٛ‬ج ‪ٚ‬‬
‫‪ٚ‬‬ ‫ٌ‪ٚ‬‬ ‫ّْ‪ٝ‬‬ ‫ٌ‪ٚ‬‬ ‫ٌ‪٠ٚ‬‬ ‫‪ٛ‬‬ ‫ٌ‪ٚ‬‬
‫‪ٛ‬‬
‫ٓى ْىىضص ‪ ٟ‬ىضٌثزى ىٌث س ِج ّج‪ٚ‬ىٌجد ّص س ِج ّجث ِِٓ ٌمآ ع ه ٘ ٕج‪ ,‬ز‪١ٞ‬د ٌٕ ٌٕجث ر ٌمث‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫‪ٔٛ‬‬ ‫ٍْ‬ ‫‪ٚ‬‬ ‫ض ـضى ٕ‪ٕٞٚ‬فىو ُ ْىؽ ِ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫‪ٞ‬‬ ‫ىضد َ ّج ٌ‪ٚٚ‬ىٌث شىقص ‪٠‬ؽ‪ٞ‬ىٌث رهجى زىؾ‪ٔ ١‬‬ ‫ٌَ‪٠‬‬ ‫ٌ‪ٞ‬‬
‫ؼ ّج ٌ‪ٚٚ‬ىٌث ءجىط )‪(Seat Valve‬وىعم َ ّج ٌ‪ٚٚ‬ىٌث ِ‪ ) (ٚ‬ز ٍذ ‪ٙ‬ى رٌىو‬ ‫ه‪ٛ‬ث س ِج ٌ‪ٚ‬جّ ث ٖ٘ي ٓ ) )‪َ ٚ Cover Valve‬‬ ‫ٍَؽ ٌٍّ‪ّ ٛ‬‬ ‫ٌث ز ٍـ ٌٍَ ٌـث‬ ‫فث ‪ٛ‬ىوفٌث" ‪ْ ٘ٛ .‬و ‪ٚ‬‬ ‫ص ٔجج‪ٚ ١‬‬ ‫ى رٌىىٌث ٕعى‪ٚ ٚ‬‬ ‫ِ‬
‫يوع‬ ‫ث‬‫ؾ‬
‫ٌ‬ ‫ٌ‪٠‬‬ ‫ْج‬ ‫ٍْج‬
‫ٌ‬ ‫ٌٍْ‬ ‫ًة‬ ‫ا‪-‬‬ ‫‪-:‬‬ ‫ا‬‫ج‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٌث‬‫ع‬ ‫‪ٛ‬‬
‫ِث‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ٌث‬ ‫ض‬ ‫‪ٟ‬‬ ‫هوقص‬ ‫ـا‬ ‫ً‬ ‫‪ٞ‬‬ ‫‪ٔٛ‬‬
‫ع‬ ‫‪١‬‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ٌٍ‪ٚ‬‬
‫َج‪ّٚ‬‬ ‫‪ٟ‬‬ ‫٘‬ ‫ج‬ ‫‪٠‬‬‫ٍ‬ ‫ـ‬
‫ٍ‪ٟ‬‬ ‫ىص‬ ‫ؾ‬
‫ْ‬ ‫‪ٛ‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ـ‬
‫‪ٛ‬‬ ‫ز‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪ٚ‬‬
‫ص‬ ‫َونضْ‬ ‫‪Flow‬‬ ‫‪Rate‬‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ًثوم ‪Entry speed‬ح– ًة ٌٌْْجث ي‪ ٛ‬مه ز ٌّع‬ ‫َػجّ‪ ,‬ؿ‪ً ٔ١‬ة ّج ‪Suction and Discharge Pressure‬ـف‪ -‬عـو ‪ٌْ ٚ‬‬ ‫سجف ِ‪ِ ٛ‬‬ ‫ة ٌٌْْجث ‪ٙ‬‬
‫ٌث خْقٌث ‪ ٠‬ؽ‪ِ ٝ‬‬ ‫‪ٛ‬ثً (ه‪ٌ ٌَ ) -‬ـًة‬
‫ٌّ‪ٛ‬‬
‫س‪ٛ‬ثف ٌْحضٌث ) ‪(N.P.S.H‬ه‪ٛ ٌ -‬ـضٌّث ‪ٟ‬ـ ٌ‪ٌٚ ٚ‬جث خ‪ٛ‬فّث خ ٌٍْ ٌ‬ ‫ٌّٕٕىّ َونضْ ص َجىىف‪ٚ ٦‬ث ٌح ْىضٌث ‪ packing‬ز ٌّ‪ٞٞ‬نّث س ‪ٚ‬ثًه هوع ٘ـ ‪ -4‬ز ٔعج ٖٖ‪ٛ‬‬
‫ًثوم‬‫ٍْق عـوٌث ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫وىفث ‪ٛ‬ع ٔى هى ٘‪ٌٕ ٚ‬ج ‪ٔٛ ٟ‬ثطىّوث ِذىى ‪ٌّٚ‬ث ً‪ٛٙ ١‬ىضٌث عثًي ٌى‬ ‫‪ٚ‬‬ ‫ٓى‬ ‫سث ٖىقٌث ِ‬ ‫َونضىى ( زىى‪٠‬هج‪١‬ضعوث ) ع ‪ٛ‬‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫‪ٛ‬ىى ز‪١‬ىىْذىٌّث سجنى ٌّ‪ٞٞ‬ىّث ‪ٟ‬ىىـ‬ ‫سث ٖىىقٌث ٘‬ ‫زىىٌٍ‪١‬ث ‪ٛ‬‬ ‫ٕ‬
‫ى ‪ٝ‬ىٍع وىّضع‪ ٠‬ع روىع هى ٘ ٌٕج ‪٠(Soft Packing) ,‬‬ ‫‪ٚ‬‬ ‫‪ٛ‬‬ ‫‪ٚ‬‬
‫س‪ٛ‬ثقث ٔزثط ّى‪٤‬ث ًىمثه ‪ٝ‬ىٌإ ءث‪ٙ‬ىٌث ي ٖ ٖ‪ٛ‬ىقث ًجى‪١‬ضمث ٔ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ٌ‪ٙ‬‬ ‫‪ٛ‬‬ ‫‪ٛ‬‬ ‫‪ٛ‬‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ٖ‪ٛ‬‬ ‫ٕع ٖ‬ ‫ّ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ٌْ‬ ‫ّ‬ ‫‪ٚ‬‬ ‫ٖٖ٘‪ٚ‬‬
‫ٕع ًة ٌْجث ٌحص ٌّٕ‬ ‫يى‪٘ٚ‬ى ص َونضىىْمه ٌّٕ‬
‫ٌ‬ ‫ٌّ‪ٞ‬‬
‫ْص شىى‪١‬ـثٌىٌث رهجىىّد زعذى ٌّٖٖىّث شىى ّْذوث ِ‬
‫ٓىى‬ ‫لىى وى ٕىع َونضىى ‪ٚ‬‬ ‫ًثوم هٌ ‪ٚ‬يو ز‪ٞ‬نّث ًذل ِِٓ ‪ٗٝ‬ن هثٌّ ‪ٚ‬ث ٗضع‪ٟٚ ١‬ذ ًة ٌٌْْجث س‪ ٛ‬ىىٌَ‪٠‬ث ‪ٝ‬‬ ‫‪ٞ‬ؽث ِ‬ ‫ًة ٌٌْْجث ًرثٌف ز ؽً ه‪ٌ ٌٞ ٠ ٚ‬ـ‬
‫‪ٚ‬‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ٖ‪ٛ‬‬ ‫ٌْ‬ ‫‪ٛ‬‬ ‫‪ٚ‬‬ ‫‪ٚ‬‬ ‫‪ٚ‬‬ ‫‪ٛ‬‬ ‫‪ٛ‬‬ ‫سث ٖىىقٌث ِ‬ ‫جىٕ‪ٙ‬ى ‪ٛ‬‬
‫س‪ٛ‬ثقث ق ‪ٕ ٙ‬و جمثه‬ ‫‪.‬زم ٌْجث ٖ‬ ‫وى ٕ‬ ‫لى ٕ‬ ‫ٕ‪ٙ‬ج ءجٌّث ‪ٛ‬جّفوث هثىٌّث ‪ٝ‬‬ ‫وع نالىّا ‪ٝ‬ىٍع ‪ٞ‬ىضق‪ٞ ٠‬يٌث ٓ ّج ٌمث ِِٓ ‪ٕ ٚ‬عص ِٕ‪ِٕ ٙ‬‬ ‫ْص زىٔ‪ِ ١‬‬ ‫ٓىى عثىىٔثع َونضى ‪ٚ‬‬ ‫ى‪ٚ‬ى ِٕ‪ِٕ ٙ‬‬ ‫ٕ‪ٕٛ ٛ‬ع ِ‪ِ ٚ‬‬
‫‪ٛ‬‬ ‫‪ٝ‬‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ٖ‪ٛ‬‬ ‫‪ٛ‬‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ٌَ‪٠‬‬ ‫ٌْ‬ ‫‪ٚ‬‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ٌّ‬
‫س‪ٛ‬ثقث ٖ٘ي عص‬ ‫قصٌ )‪ٖ (Stuffing Box‬‬ ‫ى‪ ٚ‬قث زى ٍمف زطىّثد ٌى‪ٚ ٚ‬‬ ‫ْص شىىٗ ِ ) ‪( Gland‬‬ ‫لىى وى ٕىع َونضىى ‪ٚ‬‬ ‫‪ٝ‬ن هثث ٗضع‪ٟٚ ١‬ذ ًة ٌْجث س‪ ٛ‬ىى ث ‪ٝ‬‬
‫ٓىى ‪ٛ‬‬ ‫جىٕ‪ٙ‬ى ‪ٛ‬‬
‫ٌّث ‪ٛ‬ج ‪ٚ‬‬
‫ّفوث‬ ‫ٕ‪ٙ‬ج ءج ‪ٚ‬‬ ‫وع نالىّا ‪ٝ‬ىٍع ‪ٛٞ‬ىضق‪ٞ ٠‬يٌث ٓ ّج ٌمث ِِٓ ‪ٕ ٚ‬عص ِٕ‪ِٕ ٚٙ‬‬ ‫ْص زىٔ‪ِ ١‬‬ ‫عثى ٔىثع َونضى ‪ٚ‬‬ ‫سث ٖىىقٌث ِ‬ ‫ى‪ٚ‬ى ِٕ‪ِٕ ٙ‬‬ ‫ٓىى ٕ‪ٕٛ ٛ‬ع ِ‪ِ ٚ‬‬ ‫‪١‬ـثٌىٌث رهجىىّد زعذى ٌّٖٖىّث شىى ّْذوث ِ‬
‫س‪ٛ‬ثقٌث ٖ٘ي ‪ٝ‬عص‬ ‫‪ٛ‬‬ ‫س‪ٛ‬ثقٌث ‪ٚ‬ق ‪ٕ ٙ‬و جمثه ٖٖ‪ٛ‬‬ ‫‪.‬زم ٌٌْْجث ٖٖ‪ٛ‬‬ ‫قصٌ )‪ٛ (Stuffing Box‬‬ ‫ى‪ ٚ‬قٌث زى ٍمف زطى ‪ّٛ‬ثد ٌى‪ٚ ٚ‬‬ ‫‪-‬سج ٌ‪ٚ‬جّ ث‪( Gland ) 3- :‬‬
‫وى ٕ‬ ‫لى ٕ‬ ‫هثىٌّث ‪ٝ‬‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ؾ‪Valves .‬‬ ‫ٕضٌ‬ ‫خ‬ ‫ٕ‬ ‫وف‬ ‫ءجعا ز‪١‬ىً‪ ١ٌٚ‬و٘‪ ١‬س ِج ‪ٙ‬و ‪ٚ‬‬
‫ط‬ ‫ٕ‬ ‫ْثع‬ ‫روةجـ‬ ‫ث‬ ‫ق زٍّ‪١‬ع ًْ‪ ١ٙ‬ضٌ ‪ ٟ٘‬س ِج ٌ‪ٚ‬‬
‫جّ‬ ‫ّ‬ ‫خ‬ ‫لى‬ ‫هى ‪ٌٚ‬ى ‪ٍْ ٛ‬ىٌث ؿى‪١‬فم َ ّج ٌ‪ٚٚ‬ىٌث ‪ْ ٛ‬ىى‪ْ ٠‬ث خىؾ‪ً , ٠ٚ‬ةج ٌْْىٌث ‪ٚٝ‬‬
‫ٌٕ‬
‫ض ـضى ‪ٕٕٞٚ ٌٚٞ‬فٌىو ُ ْىؽ ) َ ٌ‪ّ ٚ‬جث قال ؽٔث زٍّ‪١‬‬ ‫صا ( ج‪١‬صثى ًّّعص س ِج ٌ‪ٚ‬جّ ث ِِٓ ‪ٔٛ‬ع هٌ ٘ ٕج ظ‪١‬فص ٌ‪١‬ع ىضد َ ّج ٌ‪ٚٚ‬ىٌث شىقص ‪٠‬ؽ ٌ‪ٞٞ‬ىٌث رهجىٌَ‪ ٠‬زىؾ‪ٔ ١‬‬ ‫ىذصج ‪ٚ‬‬ ‫‪ِٛ‬‬ ‫ج‪١‬‬
‫ِ‪ ) ٚ‬ز ٍذ ‪ٙ‬ى رٌىو‬ ‫‪ٚ‬‬ ‫‪ٔٛ‬‬
‫ٓى ْىىضص ‪ ٟ‬ىضٌثزى ىٌث س ِج ّج‪ٚ‬ىٌجد ّص س ِج ّجث ِِٓ ٌمآ ع هٌ ٘ ٕج‪ ,‬ز‪١ٞ‬د ٌٕ ٌٕجث ‪ٛ‬ر ٌمث‬ ‫ٌ‪ٚ‬‬ ‫ٍْ‬ ‫ّْ‪ٝ‬‬ ‫ٌ‪ٚ‬‬ ‫ٌ‪٠ٚ‬‬ ‫‪ٚ‬‬ ‫‪ٛ‬‬ ‫ٌ‪ٚ‬‬ ‫ٌ‪ٚ‬‬
‫ؼ ّج‪ٚ‬ىٌث )‪(Seat Valve‬وىعم َ ّج‪ٚ‬ىٌث( ِ‬ ‫‪َٚ‬‬
‫‪ٞ‬‬ ‫‪ٔٛ‬‬ ‫ٌٍ‪ٚ‬‬ ‫‪ٛ‬‬ ‫ٌ‪ٚ‬‬ ‫ّ‬ ‫ٌٍّ‪ٛ‬‬ ‫‪ٚ‬‬ ‫٘‬ ‫‪ٛ‬‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫‪ٚ‬‬
‫ج ‪ّٚ َ ٟ٘‬ج ز‪١‬ع ًـا هوقص ‪ٟ‬ضٌثٓ ) )‪Cover Valve‬ءجىط‬ ‫سججّ ث ٖ٘ي َونضْ ص ‪ ,‬ز ‪ٛ‬ـ ِ ْؾىص ٍـٍ‪ِ ٠ٟ‬‬ ‫‪ٚ‬‬ ‫ٍَؽ ه‪ٛ‬ث ِ‬ ‫ى رٌىىٌث ٕع ص ٔجج‪١‬فث ‪ٛ‬ىوفث" ‪ْ .‬وٌث ز ٍـ ٌٍَ ٌـث‬ ‫‪ٚ‬‬ ‫ى‪ٚ‬‬ ‫ِ‬
‫يوع‬ ‫ث‬‫ؾ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ٌ‪٠‬‬ ‫ْج‬ ‫ٍْج‬
‫ٌ‬ ‫ٌٍْ‬ ‫ًة‬ ‫ا‪-‬‬ ‫‪-:‬‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٌث‬‫ع‬ ‫ِث‬‫‪ٛ‬‬ ‫ً‬
‫‪Flow‬‬ ‫‪Rate‬‬ ‫ٌّ‬
‫ع‬ ‫ز‬ ‫مه‬ ‫ي‪ٛ‬‬ ‫ث‬ ‫ْج‬
‫ٌ‬ ‫ٌْ‬ ‫ًة‬ ‫ح–‬ ‫‪Entry‬‬ ‫‪speed‬‬ ‫‪ٚ‬‬
‫ٌث‬ ‫و‬ ‫عـ‬ ‫ـف‪-‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ًثوم‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ؽ‪ٝ‬‬ ‫‪٠‬‬ ‫ث‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫َػجّ‪ ,‬ؿ‪ً ٔ١‬ة ّج ‪Suction and Discharge Pressure‬خ ٌْ‬
‫ْق‬ ‫ًثومً (ه‪ٌ ٌَ ) -‬ـًة‬ ‫ٍْق عـوٌث ِ‬ ‫‪ٛ‬ث ه‪ٛ ٌ -‬ـضٌّث ‪ٟ‬ـ ٌ‪ٌٚ ٚ‬جث خ ٌّ‪ٛٛ‬فّث خ ٌٍْ ٌ‬ ‫سجف ِ‪ِ ٛ‬‬‫‪(N.P.S.H‬ة ٌٌْْجث ‪ٙ‬‬
‫س‪ٛ‬ثف ٌْحضٌث )‬ ‫وىفث ‪ٛ‬ع ٔى هى ٘‪ٌٚ‬ج ‪ٔٛ ٟ‬ثطىّوث ِذىى ‪ٌّٚ‬ث ً ‪ packing‬ز‪ٞ‬نّث سثًه هوع ٘ـ ‪ -4‬ز ٔعج ٖٖ‪ٛ‬‬ ‫‪ٚ‬‬ ‫ٌّ‪ٞ‬‬ ‫‪ٚ‬‬ ‫ٌّٕٕىّ َونضْ ص َجىىف‪ٚ ٦‬ث ٌح ْىضٌث ع ‪ٛ‬‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ٕ‬ ‫سث ٖىقٌث ِ‬
‫ٓى‬
‫ٌّ‪ٞ‬‬ ‫‪ٛ‬‬
‫َونضىى‪ٛٙ ١ ) ٠‬ىضٌث عثًي ٌى‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫‪ٛ‬ىى ز‪١‬ىىْذىٌّث سجنى‪ٞ‬ىّث ‪ٟ‬ىىـ‬ ‫زىىٌٍ‪١‬ث سث ٖىىقٌث ٘‬ ‫ٕع ًة ٌٌْْجث )‪(Soft Packing‬زىى‪٠‬هج‪١‬ضعوث ( ٕ‬ ‫يى‪٘ٚ‬ى ص َونضىىْمه ‪ٌّّٕ ٚ‬‬ ‫ٖٖ٘‪ٚ‬‬
‫‪ٌٚ ٌّ ٝ‬‬ ‫ّ‬ ‫ٌّ‪ٞ‬‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ٌْ‬ ‫‪ٚ‬‬ ‫‪ٚ‬‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ٌ‪ٙ‬‬ ‫‪ٛ‬‬ ‫‪ٛ‬‬ ‫‪ٛ‬‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ٖ‪ٛ‬‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ًثوم هٌ ‪ٚ‬يو ز‪ٞ‬نث ًذل ِِٓ ٗن هثث‬ ‫‪ٞ‬ؽث ِ‬ ‫ى ‪ٝ‬ىٍع وىّضع‪ٛ ٠‬ع روىع هى ٘ ٌٕج ‪ً ,‬ة ٌْجث ًرثف ز ؽً ه‪ٌ ٌٞ ٠ ٚ‬ـ‬ ‫س‪ٛ‬ثقث ٔزثط ّى‪٤‬ث ًىمثه ‪ٝ‬ىٌإ ءث‪ٙ‬ىٌث ي ٖ ٖ‪ٛ‬ىقث ًجى‪١‬ضمث ٔ‬ ‫ٕع ٖ‬ ‫ٌحص ٌّّٕ‬
‫وع نالىّا‬ ‫عثى ٔىثع َونضى ‪ٚ‬‬ ‫ٓىى ‪ٛ‬‬ ‫سث ٖىىقٌث ِ‬ ‫جىٕ‪ٙ‬ى ‪ٛ‬‬ ‫ٓىى ٕ‪ٕٛ ٛ‬ع ِ‪ِ ٚ‬‬ ‫ْص شىى‪١‬ـثٌىٌث رهجىىّد زعذى ٌّٖٖىّث شىى ّْذوث ِ‬ ‫لىى وى ٕىع َونضىى ‪ٚ‬‬ ‫ٗضع‪ٟٚ ١‬ذ ًة ٌٌْْجث س‪ ٛ‬ىىٌَ‪٠‬ث ‪ٝ‬‬
‫ْص زىٔ‪ِ ١‬‬ ‫ى‪ٚ‬ى ِٕ‪ِٕ ٙ‬‬
‫‪ٛ‬‬ ‫س‪ٛ‬ثقٌث ‪ٚ‬ق ‪ٕ ٙ‬و جمثه ٖٖ‪ٛ‬‬ ‫‪.‬زم ٌٌْْجث ٖٖ‪ٛ‬‬ ‫ّفوث ‪ٛ‬‬ ‫ى‪ ٚ‬قٌث زى ٍمف زطى ‪ّٛ‬ثد ٌ )‪Box‬‬
‫س‪ٛ‬ثقٌث ٖ٘ي ‪ٝ‬عص‬ ‫وى ٕ‬ ‫لى ٕ‬ ‫هثىٌّث ‪ٝ‬‬ ‫ءجٌّث ‪ٛ‬ج ‪ٚ‬‬ ‫‪ٚ‬‬ ‫‪(Stuffing‬ىٍع ‪ٛٞ‬ىضق‪ٞ ٠‬يٌث ٓ ّج ٌمث ِِٓ ‪ٕ ٚ‬عص ِٕ‪ِٕ ٚٙ‬‬
‫ٕ‪ٙ‬ج‬ ‫‪ٝ‬‬
‫قص‬ ‫ٌى‪ٚ ٚ‬‬ ‫) ‪( Gland‬‬