PRUDENT DIET

Overall goal →
To reduce cholesterol/HDL ratio < 3.5
To achieve this goal recommended guidelines are →
1. Total fat intake <30%

2. Total saturated fat intake <7%

3. Total salt intake < 5g/day

4. Total cholesterol intake <200

mg/day

5. Increase complex carbohydrates in

diet

6. Avoidance of alcohol

OBESITY

Assessment of obesity →

1. Body weight →
Not a very accurate method but most widely used method
A. BMI →
weight ( Kg )
BMI =
( height ) 2(m)

Underweight <18.5%
Normal range 18.5-24.99
Overweight ≥25

1. Pre-obese 25-29.99

2. Obese grade 1 30-34.99

3. Obese grade 2 35-39.99

 4. Obese grade 3 ≥40

B. Ponderal index →
height (cms)
PI= 3
√ body weight (kg)
C. Brocas index →

Height (cms) – 100

D. Lorentz formula →

height ( cms )−150

height ( cms ) −100−
2 ( women )∨4 (men)

E. Corpulence index →

Actual weight
this should not exceed 1.2
desirable weight

2. Skinfold thickness →
 Rapid & non-invasive method

 Harpenden skin callipers can be used

 Measurements are taken at 4 sites –

 Mid triceps
 Biceps
 Subscapular &
 Supra-iliac region
 Sum of measurements →
≥ 50 mm in female &
≥40 mm in males indicate obesity

3. Waist circumference & waist /hip ratio →

Measured at → mid-point between rib cage & iliac crest

Cut off →
male →102 cms
 Females → 88 cms
Waist/hip ratio →
>1 in males &
>0.85 in females indicate obesity

4. Other methods →
 TOTAL BODY WATER
 TOTAL BODY K
 BODY DENSITY

HYPERTENSION

BP SBP DBP
Normal 120 80
Pre-HTN 120-139 80-90
HTN

Grade 1 140-159 90-99

Grade 2 ≥160 ≥100

RULES OF HALVES →
HTN is an iceberg disease
Only about of the hypertensive population is aware of the condition
only half of those aware are being treated &
only half of those treated are actually considered as adequately treated
Prevention of HTN →

1. Primary level prevention →

To reduce the incidences of HTN by reducing the risk of
onset

a. Population strategy → It is directed at the whole population irrespective of

individual risk levels

i. Nutrition → dietary changes are of great importance

These comprise of →

 Reduction of salt intake to → <5 g/day

 Moderate fat intake
 Avoidance of Alcohol intake
 Restriction of energy intake as per body needs

ii. Weight reduction → prevention/correction of overweight/obesity

(BMI<25)

iii. Exercise promotion

iv. Health education

 v. Behavioural changes →
 Reduction of stress
 Reduction in smoking
 Yoga/meditation

vi. Self-care

b. High risk strategy →

high risk subjects should be detected for
special attention

this can be done by →

 Follow up of family history &

 Tracking of BP

2. Secondary level prevention →

Early case detection → Screening with
follow up.
Treatment → Anti – HT drug.
Patients Compliance → Life style
Modification.

Risk factors for HTN →