1Running title: xx [根据期刊要求是否需要写 running head/short title]

1 Title[一般少于 12 个单词]
2 Firstname Lastname 1, Firstname Lastname 2 and Firstname Lastname 2,*
3 1
Affiliation 1（作者单位）; e-mail@e-mail.com
4 2
Affiliation 2（作者单位）; e-mail@e-mail.com
5 * Correspondence: e-mail@e-mail.com; Tel.: +xx-xxx-xxx-xxxx

6 Abstract: A single paragraph of about 200 words maximum [ 具体上限参考期刊要求 ]. For

7 research articles, abstracts should give a pertinent overview of the work. We strongly
8 encourage authors to use the following style of structured abstracts, but without headings:
9 1) Background: Place the question addressed in a broad context and highlight the purpose
10 of the study; 2) Methods: Describe briefly the main methods or treatments applied; 3)
11 Results: Summarize the article's main findings; and 4) Conclusions: Indicate the main
12 conclusions or implications. The abstract should be an objective representation of the
13 article; it must not contain results which are not presented and substantiated in the main
14 text and should not exaggerate the main conclusions.

15 Keywords: keyword 1; keyword 2; keyword 3 (List three to six pertinent keywords

16 specific to the article，关键词个数要求，参考期刊说明)
17

181. Introduction
19 The introduction should briefly place the study in a broad context and highlight why it
20is important. It should define the purpose of the work and its significance. The current state
21of the research field should be reviewed carefully and key publications cited. Please
22highlight controversial and diverging hypotheses when necessary. Finally, briefly mention
23the main aim of the work and highlight the methodology. As far as possible, please keep the
24introduction comprehensible to scientists outside your particular field of research.
25References should be numbered in order of appearance and indicated by a numeral or
26numerals in square brackets, e.g., [1] or [2,3], or [4–6].（参考文献引用格式，参考期刊说明）

272. Materials and Methods

28 Materials and Methods should be described with sufficient details to allow others to
29replicate and build on published results. Please note that publication of your manuscript
30implicates that you must make all materials, data, computer code, and protocols associated
31with the publication available to readers. Please disclose at the submission stage any
32restrictions on the availability of materials or information. New methods and protocols
33should be described in detail while well-established methods can be briefly described and
34appropriately cited.
35 Research manuscripts reporting large datasets that are deposited in a publicly available
36database should specify where the data have been deposited and provide the relevant
37accession numbers. If the accession numbers have not yet been obtained at the time of
38submission, please state that they will be provided during review. They must be provided
39prior to publication.
40 Interventionary studies involving animals or humans, and other studies require ethical
41approval must list the authority that provided approval and the corresponding ethical
42approval code.

433. Results
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44 This section may be divided by subheadings. It should provide a concise and precise
45description of the experimental results, their interpretation as well as the experimental
46conclusions that can be drawn.

473.1. Subsection

483.1.1. Subsubsection
49 Bulleted lists look like this:
50 First bullet
51 Second bullet
52 Third bullet
53 Numbered lists can be added as follows:
541. First item
552. Second item
563. Third item
57 The text continues here.

583.2. Figures, Tables and Schemes

59 All figures and tables should be cited in the main text as Figure 1, Table 1, etc.

(a) (b)
60 Figure 1. This is a figure; Schemes follow the same formatting. If there are multiple panels, they should be
61 listed as: (a) Description of what is contained in the first panel; (b) Description of what is contained in the
62 second panel. Figures should be placed in the main text near to the first time they are cited. A caption on a
63 single line should be centered.

64 Table 1. This is a table. Tables should be placed in the main text near to the first time they are cited.

Title 1 Title 2 Title 3

entry 1 data data
entry 2 data data 1
65 1
Tables may have a footer.

663.3. Formatting of Mathematical Components

67 This is an example of an equation:

a = 1, (1)
68the text following an equation need not be a new paragraph. Please punctuate equations as
69regular text.

704. Discussion
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71 Authors should discuss the results and how they can be interpreted in perspective of
72previous studies and of the working hypotheses. The findings and their implications should
73be discussed in the broadest context possible. Future research directions may also be
74highlighted.

755. Conclusions
76 This section is not mandatory, but can be added to the manuscript if the discussion is
77unusually long or complex（是否需要写结论，参考期刊说明）.
78Supplementary Materials: The following are available online at www.mdpi.com/link, Figure S1: title, Table S1: title,
79Video S1: title.
80Acknowledgments: All sources of funding of the study should be disclosed. Please clearly indicate grants that you have
81received in support of your research work. Clearly state if you received funds for covering the costs to publish in open
82access.
83Author Contributions: For research articles with several authors, a short paragraph specifying their individual
84contributions must be provided. The following statements should be used “X.X. and Y.Y. conceived and designed the
85experiments; X.X. performed the experiments; X.X. and Y.Y. analyzed the data; W.W. contributed
86reagents/materials/analysis tools; Y.Y. wrote the paper.” Authorship must be limited to those who have contributed
87substantially to the work reported.
88Conflicts of Interest: Declare conflicts of interest or state “The authors declare no conflict of interest." Authors must
89identify and declare any personal circumstances or interest that may be perceived as inappropriately influencing the
90representation or interpretation of reported research results. Any role of the funding sponsors in the design of the study; in
91the collection, analyses or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results
92must be declared in this section. If there is no role, please state “The founding sponsors had no role in the design of the
93study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, and in the decision to publish
94the results”.

95Appendix A
96 The appendix is an optional section that can contain details and data supplemental to
97the main text. For example, explanations of experimental details that would disrupt the flow
98of the main text, but nonetheless remain crucial to understanding and reproducing the
99research shown; figures of replicates for experiments of which representative data is shown
100in the main text can be added here if brief, or as Supplementary data. Mathematical proofs
101of results not central to the paper can be added as an appendix.

102Appendix B
103 All appendix sections must be cited in the main text. In the appendixes, Figures,
104Tables, etc. should be labeled starting with ‘A’, e.g., Figure A1, Figure A2, etc.
105

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106References（具体格式要求，参考期刊说明）
107References must be numbered in order of appearance in the text (including citations in tables and legends) and listed
108 individually at the end of the manuscript.
109
110Citations and References in Supplementary files are permitted provided that they also appear in the reference list here.
111
1121. Author 1, A.B.; Author 2, C.D. Title of the article. Abbreviated Journal Name Year, Volume, page range, DOI.
1132. Author 1, A.; Author 2, B. Title of the chapter. In Book Title, 2nd ed.; Editor 1, A., Editor 2, B., Eds.; Publisher:
114 Publisher Location, Country, 2007; Volume 3, pp. 154–196, ISBN.
1153. Author 1, A.; Author 2, B. Book Title, 3rd ed.; Publisher: Publisher Location, Country, 2008; pp. 154–196, ISBN.
1161. Author 1, A.B.; Author 2, C. Title of Unpublished Work. Abbreviated Journal Name stage of publication
117 (under review; accepted; in press).
1182. Author 1, A.B. (University, City, State, Country); Author 2, C. (Institute, City, State, Country). Personal
119 communication, 2012.
1203. Author 1, A.B.; Author 2, C.D.; Author 3, E.F. Title of Presentation. In Title of the Collected Work (if available),
121 Proceedings of the Name of the Conference, Location of Conference, Country, Date of Conference; Editor 1, Editor
122 2, Eds. (if available); Publisher: City, Country, Year (if available); Abstract Number (optional), Pagination
123 (optional).
1244. Author 1, A.B. Title of Thesis. Level of Thesis, Degree-Granting University, Location of University, Date of
125 Completion.
1265. Title of Site. Available online: URL (accessed on Day Month Year).
127
128 如有问题，可咨询吴博士（微信：papergoing），祝您写作愉快。
129