Worksheets

1. Human Body—The Circulatory System

A. Fill in the blanks.
1. ______________ system helps in the transportation of nutrients.
2. Heart is located in the ______________ cavity between the two ______________.
3. While pumping blood, the heart makes rhythmic movement which is called the
______________.
4. ______________ helps in maintaining the temperature of the body.
5. ______________ are extremely thin-walled.

B. State (T) for true and (F) for false statements.

1. Our heart is slightly tilted towards the left. ___________
2. Platelets destroy the germs which may have entered the body. ___________
3. Arteries in the wrist are closer to the surface of the skin. ___________
4. Purified oxygenated blood from the lungs enters the right auricle. ___________
5. The heart is divided widthwise into two parts by a muscular wall. ___________

C. Match the columns.

Column A Column B
1. Heart (a) carry oxygen
2. Blood vessels (b) muscular organ
3. White blood cells (c) help in blood clotting
4. Red blood cells (d) fight infections
5. Platelets (e) transport blood

D. Answer the following questions.

1. What is the function of the circulatory system?
2. Define pulse rate. What is the average pulse rate of an adult human?
3. Give the functions of RBCs and WBCs.
4. Explain the structure and functions of capillaries.
5. Describe the structure of heart.
 Answers to Worksheet

A. 1. Circulatory
2. chest, lungs
3. heartbeat
4. Blood
5. Capillaries
B. 1. True
2. False
3. True
4. False
5. False
C. 1. (b) 2. (e) 3. (d) 4. (a) 5. (c)
D. 1. Circulatory system helps in the transportation of nutrients to various parts of the
body. Gases like oxygen and carbon dioxide, and water are also transported by
circulatory system.
2. The number of pulse that can be felt in a minute makes the pulse rate. The average
pulse rate of an adult human being is 72 times per minute.
3. The red blood cells (RBCs) carry oxygen from the lungs to different parts of the
body. They also help to remove carbon dioxide from the body.
The white blood cells (WBCs) help to fight infection. They destroy germs which may
have entered the body.
4. When arteries reach an organ, they branch into very fine tubes called capillaries.
Capillaries are extremely thin-walled (only one cell thick). The capillaries help to
carry blood to every cell of the body in order to supply it with oxygen and nutrients.
When blood leaves an organ, capillaries join together to form larger vessels which
ultimately join to form a vein.
5. The human heart is four-chambered—two upper chambers called the auricles and
two lower chambers called the ventricles. Auricles receive blood from the body,
while ventricles pump blood throughout the body. The heart is divided lengthwise
into two parts by a muscular wall. Each half comprises of an auricle and a ventricle
divided by a valve. The valves allow the flow of blood in one direction only.
 2. Human Body—The Skeletal System

A. Fill in the blanks.

1. The framework of all the bones together is known as _____________.
2. Forelimbs along with the ____________ and _____________ provide movement
to arms.
3. Bones store minerals like calcium and _____________.
4. ____________ control the movement of bones.
5. ____________ are the building blocks of muscles.

B. Write (T) for true and (F) for false statements.

1. Skeletal system works in coordination with muscular system. ___________
2. Lower arm has two parallel bones called tibia and fibula. ___________
3. Ribcage consists 26 bones, arranged in 13 pairs. ___________
4. Moving our head is an involuntary movement. ___________
5. Physical activity is important for all age groups. ___________

C. Match the columns.

Column A Column B
1. Vitamin D (a) Voluntary muscles
2. Proteins (b) Involuntary muscles
3. Calcium (c) Keeps bones strong
4. Skeletal muscles (d) Sunlight
5. Smooth muscles (e) Keeps muscles strong

D. Answer the following questions.

1. Write in short about skull.
2. Write in short about the bones of legs.
3. Give any two functions of bones.
4. What are muscles? Give their types.
5. Explain the role of good posture and regular exercise.
 Answers to Worksheet
A. 1. skeleton
2. muscles, joints
3. phosphorus
4. Muscles
5. Proteins
B. 1. True 2. False 3. False 4. False 5. True
C. 1. (d) 2. (e) 3. (c) 4. (a) 5. (b)
D. 1. The skull is the bony framework of the head. It covers and protects the brain. It also
provides shape to the face. The skull consists of a total of 22 bones. Of the 22 bones,
8 bones make up a protective frame around the brain and the remaining 14 bones
make the upper and lower jaws, and other facial structures. Except the lower jaw, all
other bones in the skull are fixed and hence, immovable. We are able to talk and eat
because of the movable lower jaw.
2. Hindlimbs or the legs are divided into two parts—the upper leg and the lower leg.
The thigh bone, known as femur, present in the upper leg is the longest bone in the
body. The lower leg has two long, parallel bones called tibia and fibula. Femur is
joined to tibia and fibula at the knees. Many small bones join together to make up
the ankle and the foot.
3. Following are the two functions of bones.
• Movement: Different voluntary movements (bodily movements that are under
the control of our will) are performed due to the combined action of skeletal
muscles, bones and joints.
• Production of blood cells: Red blood cells and white blood cells are produced
by a jelly-like substance called bone marrow present inside the bones.
4. Muscles are bundles of elastic fibres. They are flexible, and thus, bring about
movement of all body parts. There are three types of muscles present in our body—
skeletal, smooth and cardiac muscles.
5. Posture is the position in which we hold our body during standing, sitting and
laying. Good posture means keeping our back straight while sitting and standing.
This puts less pressure on the backbone. Sitting with bent back puts pressure on
backbone. This can lead to severe back pain and muscle pain.
Physical activity is also important for all age groups. Children who exercise regularly
develop strong bones, joints and muscles. Such children remain active throughout
the day. Physical activities may include walking, running, dancing, playing outdoor
games and yoga.
 3. Food and Health

A. Fill in the blanks.

1. Food pyramid is also known as _____________ pyramid.
2. _____________ are energy-giving food.
3. Junk food contains high amount of sugar, _____________ and _____________.
4. Scurvy is caused due to a lack of _____________ in the diet.
5. Honey is often adulterated with _____________ and _____________ to increase its
quantity.

B. Write (T) for true and (F) for false statements.

1. Cereals, bread, sugar and potato are bodybuilding foods. ___________
2. The food components at the bottom of a food pyramid
should be included in bulk in our diet. ___________
3. We should eat polished rice and avoid unpolished or brown rice. ___________
4. In rickets, bones become soft and weak. ___________
5. Chili powder is adulterated with brick powder. ___________

C. Match the columns.

Column A Column B
1. Kwashiorkor (a) Irregular heartbeat
2. Goitre (b) Body becomes overweight
3. Scurvy (c) Swollen neck
4. Obesity (d) Swollen stomach
5. Beriberi (e) Bleeding gums
D. Answer the following questions.
1. What are nutrients? Name any five nutrients.
2. Discuss the structure of a food pyramid.
3. Discuss the importance of eating a balanced diet.
4. What is diabetes? Give its symptoms.
5. What is food adulteration? Give any two examples of commonly adulterated foods.
 Answers to Worksheet

A. 1. diet
2. Proteins
3. starch, fats
4. vitamin C
5. water, sugar
B. 1.
False 2.
True 3. False 4. True 5.
True
C. 1. (d) 2. (c) 3. (e) 4. (b) 5. (a)
D.
1. Components of food which help our body to function properly, and grow strong
and healthy are known as nutrients. Carbohydrates, fats, proteins, minerals and
vitamins are the nutrients required by our body.
2. A food pyramid is divided into different parts vertically and each divided part shows
the variety of food in each food group. The food components shown at the bottom
should be included in bulk in our diet. As the pyramid tapers, it becomes narrower
and represents the food we should eat less in quantity. In the pyramid, fruits and
vegetables form the largest part at the base, and junk food forms the smallest part
at the top.
3. Following are the importance of eating a balanced diet.
• No single food is the best source of all nutrients. Hence, eating a balanced diet
increases the chances of getting essential nutrients to stay healthy.
• Together with exercise, a balanced diet helps us to maintain a healthy body
weight. It reduces the chances of developing a condition called obesity.
4. Diabetes is a condition where the body fails to utilise the sugar present in blood
properly. Excess sugar in the blood can lead to other diseases like heart diseases
and blood pressure.
Symptoms: Increased thirst, hunger and urination are the main symptoms
associated with diabetes. Other symptoms may include tiredness and weight loss.
5. Food adulteration refers to the action of making food or drink impure and unsafe by
adding unwanted substances to it.
Following are the examples of adulterated foods.
• Honey is often adulterated with water and sugar to increase its quantity.
• Spices like turmeric powder, black pepper and chili powder are also adulterated.
For example, chili powder is adulterated with brick powder.
 4. Pollination

A. Fill in the blanks.

1. Calyx consists of small green leaf-like structures called ______________.
2. Ovary is the swollen part at the base of the ______________.
3. Pollen grains contain the _____________ reproductive cells.
4. When the male and female gametes meet, _______________ takes place.
5. From stigma ovules reach ovary through the _______________.

B. Write (T) for true and (F) for false statements.

1. Corolla protects the flower in its bud stage. ___________
2. Ovule develops into fruit and ovary develops into seed. ___________
3. Pollen grains are heavy so that they cannot be blown
away by wind. ___________
4. Gynoecium is the female reproductive part of a flower. ___________
5. Self-pollination occurs between the flowers of the same plant. ___________
C. Answer in one word.
1. The thin long stalk of the stamen ______________________
2. The whorl that consists of petals ______________________
3. Flowers that have both androecium and gynoecium ______________________
4. An example of agents of pollination other than insects ______________________
5. An example of monosexual flower ______________________

D. Answer the following questions.

1. Name the four whorls of a flower.
2. What are pollen grains? Why are they important?
3. What are complete flowers? Give any two examples.
4. Define pollination. What are agents of pollination?
5. Explain the types of pollination.
 Answers to Worksheet

A. 1. sepals
2. pistil
3. male
4. reproduction
5. style
B. 1. False 2. False 3. False 4. True 5.
True
C. 1. Filament
2. Corolla
3. Bisexual flowers
4. Wind
5. Watermelon
D. 1. The four whorls of a flower are calyx, corolla, androecium and gynoecium.
2. Pollen grains are powder-like particles which contain male reproductive cells. They
are important in the process of reproduction which results in the formation of fruits
and seeds.
3. Most flowers have both androecium (male reproductive part) and gynoecium
(female reproductive part). Such flowers are called bisexual flowers or complete
flowers.
Mustard, pea, Hibiscus and sunflower are some examples of complete flowers.
4. Pollination is the process of transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma
of a flower. This transfer can take place with the help of wind, water or insects. These
are called the agents of pollination.
5. Pollination is of two types.
Self-pollination: In self-pollination, pollen grains are transferred from the anther to

the stigma of the same flower or the other flowers on the same plant.
Cross-pollination: When the pollen grains are transferred from the anther to the

stigma of a flower on another plant of the same kind, it is called cross-pollination.
 5. Plant Reproduction

A. Fill in the blanks.

1. Once the zygote is formed, it divides rapidly to form an ______________.
2. Plants reproduce through seeds, roots, ______________ or ______________.
3. Roots grow underground and help in absorbing _________________ and
______________ from the soil.
4. Seeds of plants like ______________ get dispersed by sticking to the fur of animals.
5. Vegetative reproduction in Bryophyllum takes place by ______________.

B. Write (T) for true and (F) for false statements.

1. Embryo is formed as a result of vegetative reproduction. ___________
2. Seed coat develops from ovary wall. ___________
3. Cells of the embryo later develop into a plant. ___________
4. Seeds of cucumber and balsam spread by explosion. ___________
5. When an onion bulb is planted underground, the eyes present
on its surface give rise to a new plant. ___________
C. Give one word/a few words for the following.
1. The tube that carries the male gamete through the
style to the ovule ___________________
2. The only part of the flower that remains attached to the
twig after fertilisation ___________________
3. The part of a seed that contains cells which later
develop into a plant ___________________
4. An example of plant that reproduces by stem ___________________
5. An example of plant that reproduces by roots ___________________
D. Answer the following questions.
1. Explain the process of sexual reproduction in plants.
2. Write about female reproductive part.
3. Explain the process of fertilisation.
4. How does dispersal of seeds take place by water?
5. How does potato grow into a new plant?
 Answers to Worksheet

A. 1.
embryo
2. leaves, stem
3. water, nutrients
Xanthium
4.
5. leaves
B. 1. False 2. False 3. True 4. True 5. False
C. 1. Pollen tube
2. Ovary
3. Embryo
4. Ginger
5. Carrot
D. 1.
During sexual reproduction in plants, two parents (male and female) are involved
in producing a new individual. Male and female reproductive cells (called gametes)
combine to form a single cell called zygote. The zygote divides to form a multicellular
structure called embryo. Embryo develops into a new individual. In plants, embryo
formed as a result of sexual reproduction is present inside the seed.
2.
Pistil is the female reproductive part of a flower. Stigma is at the tip of a pistil. It is
sticky and receives the pollen grain during pollination.
3.
Pollen grains land on stigma and produce a tube called pollen tube. This tube
carries the male gamete through the style to the ovule. Ovule contains the female
gamete. The male gamete combines with the female gamete to form a new cell
called zygote. The process of combining of male and female gametes is called
fertilisation.
4.
The seeds or fruits of plants growing near or in water are either spongy or fibrous.
This enables them to float on water. Water then carries them to different places.
For example, coconut and lotus fruit, and seeds of mangrove plants are carried
away by water.
5.
Potato has some scars on it called eyes. These develop into buds and give rise to
new plants.
 6. States of Matter

A. Fill in the blanks.

1. There is a strong force of attraction between the molecules of ____________.
2. Liquids have a fixed ____________ which can be measured.
3. ____________ of a substance is its property to dissolve in some other substance.
4. The liquids which dissolve completely in water are said to be ______________ in
water.
5. The settling down of heavy particles at the bottom of the vessel is called
____________.

B. Write (T) for true and (F) for false statements.

1. The shape of some solids can be changed by applying force. _________
2. Liquids flow from a low level to a high level. _________
3. Gases are insoluble in water. _________
4. Gases have weight. _________
5. Physical change is irreversible. _________
C. Match the columns.
Column A Column B
1. Solids (a) Separates soluble solids
2. Liquids (b) Negligible force of attraction
3. Gases (c) Strong force of attraction
4. Distillation (d) Separates insoluble solids
5. Sedimentation (e) Weak force of attraction

D. Answer the following questions.

1. What are molecules and atoms?
2. Write any three properties of liquids.
3. Give an example to explain the solubility of gases in water.
4. What is physical change? Give an example.
5. Write the process of sedimentation and decantation.
 Answers to Worksheet

A. 1. solids 2. volume 3. Solubility 4. miscible

5. sedimentation
B. 1. True 2. False 3. False 4. True 5. False
C. 1. (c) 2. (e) 3. (b) 4. (a) 5. (d)
D. 1. Matter consists of tiny particles known as molecules. Molecules are so small that
they cannot be seen with naked eyes. These molecules are further composed of very
small particles called atoms. Atoms are the smallest unit of matter, and therefore,
also known as the ‘building blocks of matter’.
2. Following are the properties of liquids.
• Liquids do not have a fixed shape. They take the shape of the container in
which they are poured or kept.
• They have a fixed volume which can be measured.
• They occupy space.
3. Carbonated drinks are the best example to show solubility of gases in water.
In these drinks, carbon dioxide is dissolved in water under pressure. If you shake
and open a bottle of soda (or any other aerated drink), you will see the gas coming
out in the form of bubbles. This happens because the pressure under which the gas
was dissolved in water decreases on opening the bottle and it releases out in the
form of bubbles.
4. Any change in matter in which no new substance is formed is termed as a physical
change. It may involve a change in the state of matter and it can usually be reversed.
It is not a permanent change. For example, water (liquid) on cooling becomes ice
(solid), and on heating becomes steam (gas).
5. Sedimentation and decantation methods together are suitable for the separation
of insoluble solids which are heavier than water. By allowing heavy particles to
settle down, clear water can be obtained on top which is poured into another
container. The settling down of heavy particles at the bottom of the vessel is called
sedimentation. Once all the solids get settled, we pour the clear water at the top of
the jar slowly into another jar. This is called decantation.
 7. Interdependence of Living Beings—Plants and Animals

A. Fill in the blanks.

1. Living things that can prepare their own food are called ______________.
2. ____________ are consumers that eat only plants.
3. Loss of trees leads to an increase in the amount of _____________ in the air.
4. Increase in ___________ population may lead to a large-scale destruction of food
crops.
5. ________________ do not decompose easily and make the soil infertile.

B. Write (T) for true and (F) for false statements.

1. In the presence of oxygen, plants prepare food. ___________
2. Producers are also known as heterotrophs. ___________
3. Omnivores eat both plants and animals. ___________
4. Corn is eaten by rat. Rat is eaten by eagle and eagle is
eaten by snake. ___________
5. Increased number of vehicles on streets increases air pollution. ___________
C. Match the columns.
Column A Column B
1. Overflow of water (a) Fungi
2. Drying of water bodies (b) Flood
3. Consumers (c) Plants
4. Producers (d) Drought
5. Decomposers (e) Animals

D. Answer the following questions.

1. How do green plants prepare their own food?
2. Give any two examples of food chain.
3. Name the four types of consumers. Write about any one of them.
4. How does increasing number of industries and vehicles affect the environment?
5. Write any two ways by which we can minimise the effect of human activities.
 Answers to Worksheet

A. 1. producers
2. Herbivores
3. carbon dioxide
4. rat
5. Plastics
B. 1. False 2. False 3. True 4. False 5. True
C. 1. (b) 2. (d) 3. (e) 4. (c) 5. (a)
D. 1. Green plants make their own food by a process called photosynthesis. During
photosynthesis, plants use carbon dioxide, mineral and water in the presence of
sunlight to make food.
2. Two examples of food chain are as follows.
• Fish feed on sea weed. Man eats fish.
• Corn is eaten by rat. Rat is eaten by snake and snake is eaten by eagle.
3. The four types of consumers are herbivores, carnivores, omnivores and scavengers.
Herbivores are those who eat only plants. Cow, elephant, rabbit, goat and sheep are
some examples of herbivores.
4. Forests are cleared to build industries. Harmful gases released from the industries
pollute air. In the absence of trees, air does not get purified. Industries release
harmful chemicals and waste in water bodies. These pollute water, kill marine
animals and also harm human health.
Increasing number of vehicles on streets also release harmful gases and smoke, and
contribute to air pollution. Large number of vehicles on the roads also creates noise
pollution.
5. Many steps can be taken to minimise the negative impact of human activities.
Two of them are as follows.
• Plant more trees. Plant three trees in place of one tree cut.
• Recycle and reuse materials like newspapers, plastic bottles and aluminium cans.
 8. Sound and Noise

A. Fill in the blanks.

1. The ___________ hand of a clock makes tick-tock sound.
2. Singing, whispering and whistling are ___________ sounds.
3. Laughter of small children is an example of ___________ sound.
4. Sound of a fire alarm is an example of ____________ sounds.
5. Sirens are generally provided to ____________ vehicles.

B. Write (T) for true and (F) for false statements.

1. Loud sound of sirens causes disturbance. ___________
2. Sound produced by loud speakers is unpleasant. ___________
3. Mosquitoes buzz and bees whine. ___________
4. Noise can cause deafness. ___________
5. Unpleasant sounds are low-pitched and harmonious. ___________

C. Match the columns.

Column A Column B
1. Pigeons (a) Chatter
2. Snakes (b) Roar
3. Lions (c) Coo
4. Monkeys (d) Hiss
5. Ducks (e) Quack

D. Answer the following questions.

1. What kind of sounds do plants and trees produce?
2. List different types of vocal sounds produced by human beings.
3. Give two examples each of pleasant and unpleasant sounds.
4. Mention any two causes of noise pollution.
5. Mention any two ways in which noise pollution can be reduced.
 Answers to Worksheet

A. 1.
second
2. vocal
3. pleasant
4. warning
5. emergency
B. 1. False 2. True 3. False 4. True 5. False
C. 1. (c) 2. (d) 3. (b) 4. (a) 5. (e)
D. 1. Plants and trees make rustling sound when their leaves and branches move due
to air. The type of rustling sound the leaves make also indicate if it is the breeze
blowing or it is a storm. Dry fallen leaves also rustle when they are blown by wind
or swept by a broom. They make crunching sound when we walk over them.
2. Vocal sounds produced by human beings include talking, singing, whispering,
whistling, crying, laughing, singing, sneezing and coughing.
3. Examples of pleasant sound: Melodious singing and chirping of birds
Examples of unpleasant sound: Honking and bursting of crackers
4. Following are the causes of noise pollution.
• Movement of vehicles like cars, buses, trains and aeroplanes (during landing and
takeoff ) produce disturbing noise. Excessive honking from vehicles contributes
to noise pollution.
• Use of loud speakers, listening to loud music and noise created by the use of
electrical appliances at home also add to noise pollution.
5. Following are the ways to reduce noise pollution.
• Honking should be consciously avoided, especially near schools, hospitals and
residential areas.
• Use of loud speakers should be avoided, especially at night.
 9. Work and Energy
A. Fill in the blanks.
1. To do work we need _____________.
2. The energy possessed by an object due to its position or motion is called
__________________ energy.
3. ___________ is the main source of energy.
4. Magnets exert force on __________ objects.
5. By setting up ________________, the energy of wind is utilised to generate
electricity.

B. Write (T) for true and (F) for false statements.

1. Work is done when we hit a ball with a bat. ___________
2. Sun is the main source of energy. ___________
3. The energy possessed by a body due to its motion is known as
potential energy. ___________
4. Separation of iron objects requires heat energy. ___________
5. Non-renewable sources of energy are present in limited amount. ___________

C. Match the columns.

Column A Column B
1. Moving a cart (a) Potential energy
2. Singing (b) Kinetic energy
3. Flowing water (c) Non-renewable
4. Resting ball (d) Work not done
5. Natural gases (e) Work done

D. Answer the following questions.

1. Why is sun known as the main source of energy?
2. What are the two types of mechanical energy? Define them.
3. What is magnetic energy? Give its uses.
4. What are renewable sources of energy? Give examples.
5. What are the uses of electrical energy?
 Answers to Worksheet

A. 1.
energy
2. mechanical
3. Sun
4. iron
5. windmills
B. 1. True 2. True 3. False 4. False 5. True
C. 1. (e) 2. (d) 3. (b) 4. (a) 5. (c)
D. 1. Sun is the main source of energy. Plants use light energy from sun rays to grow
and produce food for us and animals. We get energy by eating plant and animal
products. Plant products include fruits, vegetables and cereals. Animal products
include dairy products like milk, cheese and curd, eggs and meat.
2. The two types of mechanical energy are kinetic energy and potential energy.
The energy possessed by a body due to its motion is known as kinetic energy.
The energy possessed by a body due to its position is called potential energy. It is
the stored energy of an object.
3. Magnets exert force on other magnets and iron objects. This force is due to the
energy of the magnet known as the magnetic energy. This form of energy is used for
various purposes like lifting heavy iron objects using a strong magnet, separation
of iron objects from other metallic objects and running electromagnetic trains.
4. Renewable energy sources are the energy sources that are present in large amounts
and cannot be used up completely. They can also be recycled in short period of
time. Sun, wind and water are renewable sources of energy.
5. Electrical energy is used to run electrical appliances like washing machine,
television, computer, vacuum cleaner, air conditioners, tube lights and fans. We get
it from electricity supplied to our homes by the power generating stations.
 10. Light and Shadows
A. Fill in the blanks.
1. ____________ objects allow light to pass through them completely.
2. ____________ objects do not allow any light to pass through them.
3. The circular movement of the earth on its __________ is called rotation.
4. Earth takes _________ hours to complete one rotation.
5. When the moon completely hides the sun, it is a ____________________.

B. Write (T) for true and (F) for false statements.

1. Tube light is a non-luminous object. ___________
2. Smoked glass is an opaque object. ___________
3. The colour of the shadow depends on the colour of the object. ___________
4. Position of the shadow changes with the position of the light. ___________
5. A lunar eclipse can last up to an hour and a half. ___________

C. Give one word/a few words for the following.

1. The fixed path on which the earth moves around the sun ___________________
2. The partial or total blocking of the light of the sun by a
heavenly body ___________________
3. Objects which emit light of their own ___________________
4. The movement of earth around the sun ___________________
5. Objects that allow only partial light to pass through them ___________________

D. Answer the following questions.

1. What are non-luminous objects? Give examples.
2. What are translucent objects? Give examples.
3. Write any three characteristics of shadow.
4. Name the two types of movements of the earth.
5. What are total and partial solar eclipses?
 Answers to Worksheet

A. 1.
Transparent
2. Opaque
3. axis
4. 24
5. total solar eclipse
B. 1. True
2. False
3. False
4. True
5. True
C. 1. Orbit
2. Eclipse
3. Luminous objects
4. Revolution
5. Translucent objects
D. 1. Objects that do not have light of their own, but are visible when light falls on them
are called non-luminous objects. Examples include table, chair and phone.
2. Objects that allow only partial light to pass through them are called translucent
objects. Butter paper, smoked glass and coloured glass are some examples of
translucent objects.
3. Following are the characteristics of a shadow.
• A shadow of an object is formed only in the presence of a source of light.
• The shadow is always formed on the opposite side of the source of light.
• The shadow formed is always black in colour. The colour of the shadow does not
change with the change in the colour of opaque object and the colour of light
falling on it.
4. The two types of movements of the earth are rotation and revolution.
5. When the sun, the moon and the earth are in a straight line in the same order, then
the moon blocks the sunlight reaching the earth and casts its shadow on the earth.
This is called a solar eclipse. When the moon completely hides the sun, it is a total
solar eclipse. When it hides the sun only partially, it is a partial solar eclipse.
 11. Simple Machines
A. Fill in the blanks.
1. A machine acts by reducing the _____________ needed to displace an object.
2. Placing the ____________ near the load reduces the effort needed to move it.
3. In class ___________ levers, the load is in between the fulcrum and the effort.
4. A ____________ is an inclined plane wrapped around a rod spirally.
5. Examples of ____________ pulley are cranes and ropeways.

B. Write (T) for true and (F) for false statements

1. A machine reduces the force needed but increases the
time required. ___________
2. A pulley helps to move heavier weight to a height. ___________
3. Wells and flagpoles are examples of fixed pulley. ___________
4. Screws can be used to lift heavy weights. ___________
5. In class three levers, the fulcrum is in between the effort
and the load. ___________

C. Give one word/a few words for the following.

1. An example of class two lever ___________________
2. Screwdriver is an example of which type of
simple machine ___________________
3. An example of class three lever ___________________
4. A triangular-shaped simple machine which has slanting
edges that meet to form a sharp edge at one end ___________________
5. A simple machine used to interlock two things ___________________

D. Answer the following questions.

1. Why do we need machines?
2. Name any five types of simple machines.
3. Explain lever with the help of an example.
4. What is a fixed pulley? Give examples.
5. What is a wedge? Give examples.
 Answers to Worksheet

A. 1.
force 2. fulcrum 3. two 4. screw
5. movable
B. 1. False 2. False 3. True 4. True 5. False
C. 1. Bottle opener
2. Wheel and axle arrangement
3. Fishing rods
4. Wedge
5. Screw
D.
1. A work is said to be done when the force acting on an object displaces it. A machine
acts by reducing the force needed to displace an object. In simple words, it makes
our work easy. It also reduces the time required to do the work. For example, we use
a can opener to open a can of cold drink and a trolley to carry load in a departmental
store. In these examples, can opener and trolley are simple machines.
2. Lever, inclined plane, pulley, screw and wedge are different types of simple
machines.
3. Lever is a rigid bar or rod that rests on a support called fulcrum. It is a simple machine
used to lift heavy weights with minimum amount of effort.
For example, to move a big stone with hands or with the help of a stick, a person
needs to apply a lot of force. But if a small stone is kept as a support below the rod
and force is applied from the other end, the stone moves with less effort.
In the given example, the big stone is called load, the force applied is referred to as
effort and the small stone which provides support is known as fulcrum.
4. In a fixed pulley, the pulley is attached or fixed to a point such that it does not move.
Fixed pulleys change the direction of the force applied, but requires large effort to
move an object. Wells and flagpoles are examples of fixed pulleys.
5. A wedge is a triangular-shaped simple machine which has slanting edges that meet
to form a sharp edge at one end. It is made up of metal, wood or stone. It may be
attached to a handle at the thicker end. The sharp edge is used to break or cut
materials by applying force using the handle. Some common examples of wedges
are axes, knives and our teeth.
 12. Cleanliness and Hygiene
A. Fill in the blanks.
1. ____________ covers our whole body and protects it from germs.
2. __________ hygiene means taking care of teeth and gums.
3. Trim nails every ____________.
4. ___________ wastes should be thrown in green dustbins.
5. The best way to manage waste is to follow the three R’s—_________, _________
and _________.

B. Write (T) for true and (F) for false statements.

1. We should brush our teeth after every meal. ___________
2. Special shampoos should be used for dandruff and lice. ___________
3. We should not comb our hair frequently. ___________
4. We should rub eyes with water to clean them. ___________
5. Mosquitoes grow in the water collected in the surroundings. ___________

C. Match the columns.

Column A Column B
1. Trim nails (a) Twice a week
2. Dry clothes (b) Every week
3. Wash hair (c) Every day
4. Take bath (d) Twice a day
5. Brush teeth (e) In the sun

D. Answer the following questions.

1. Why is it important to keep clean the exposed parts of the body?
2. What steps should we follow to keep our hair clean?
3. Write any three healthy habits.
4. How can we maintain cleanliness of food?
5. Write about the diseases that spread through air and mosquitoes.
 Answers to Worksheet

A. 1.
Skin
2. Oral
3. week
4. Biodegradable
5. reduce, reuse, recycle
B. 1. False 2. True 3. False 4. False 5. True
C. 1. (b) 2. (e) 3. (a) 4. (c) 5. (d)
D. 1. The exposed parts of the body come in contact with dust and germs which are
always present in the air. So, it is important to wash face, hands and feet with soap
and water, after getting back home from school, playground or market.
2. Following steps can help us to keep our hair clean.
• Massage oil on your hair regularly.
• Wash hair at least twice a week with shampoo.
• Use special shampoos to treat dandruff and lice.
• Comb hair frequently to keep it neat and tidy.
• Wash the hair comb regularly.
• Do not use comb used by others.
• Trim hair regularly.
3. Following are some healthy habits.
• Trim nails every week. Dirt and germs settle easily on nail beds when the nails
are long. They may transfer to the mouth, nose and eyes, making us ill.
• Clean nose and ears with clean clothes or tissues.
• Always wear clean socks and shoes. This prevents bad smell or any infection of
feet. Shoes should be polished to wipe off dust and to look neat.
4. We can maintain the cleanliness of food in the following ways.
• Always keep the food covered so that flies and insects do not sit on it. They are
the carriers of germs.
• Do not eat fruits which have been cut for a long time. They attract germs.
• Always wash fruits and vegetables before eating or cooking.
• Food should be prepared in hygienic places.
• Keep the kitchen utensils clean.
5. Diseases like common cold, tuberculosis, influenza and measles spread through air.
Any infected person coughing or sneezing without covering the mouth releases
germs in the air, which may infect a healthy person.
Malaria, dengue and chikungunya are diseases caused by mosquito bites. Therefore,
we need to keep surroundings clean to prevent them from becoming breeding
ground for mosquitoes.