1. How do you define Family, by various authors?

The family is a group of persons usually living together and composed of the head
and other persons related to the head by blood, marriage or adoption. -(NSCB, 2008)

Sociologist tend to define family in terms of a "social unit interacting with the
larger society" -(Johnson, 2000)
A family is characterized by people together because of bitrh, marriage, adoption,
or choice. -(Allen et al., 2007, p.7)

A family is two or more persons who are joined together by bonds of sharing and
emotional closeness and who identify themselves as being part of the family. -
(Friedman et al., 2003)

2. What are the different classification/ types of family?

NUCLEAR FAMILY- the family of marriage, parenthood, or procreation; composed of
husband, wife and their immediate children-natural, adopted or both. -(Friedman et
al., 2003)

DYAD FAMILY- consisting only of husband and wife, such as newly married couples and
"empty nesters".

EXTENDED FAMILY- consisting of three generations, which may includemarried siblings

and their families and/or grandparents.

BLENDED FAMILY- which results from a union where one or both spouses bring a child
or children from a previous marriage into a new living arrangement;

COMPOUND FAMILY- where a family has a more than one spouse; approved by Philippine
authorities only among muslims by virtue of Presedential Decree No. 1083, also
known as the code of muslim personal laws of the Philippines (Office of the
President, 1977)

COHABITING FAMILY- which is commonly described as a "live-in" arrangement between

an unmarried couple who are called common-law spouses and their child or children
from such an arrangement.

SINGLE PARENT- which results from death of a spouse, separation, or pregnancy

outside of a wedlock.

GAY OR LESBIAN FAMILY- is made up of cohabiting couple of the same sex in a sexual
relationship.

3. Differentiate the functions of family

The family meets the needs of society through:
Procreation
Despite the changing forms of the family, it has remained the universally accepted
institution for reproductive funtion and child rearing.

Socialization of the family members

Socialization is the process of learning how to become productive members of
society. It involves transmission of the culture of a social group. For children
family is the "first teacher," instructing the children in societal rules.

Status placement
Society is characterized by a hierarchy of its members into social classes. The
family confers its societalvrank on the children. Depending on the degree of social
mobility in society, the family and the children's future families may move from
one social class to another. -(Medina, 2001)
Economic function
observes that the rural family is a unit of production that the rural family is a
unit of production where the whole family works as a team, participating in
farming, fishing, or cottage industries. The urban family is more a unit of
consumption where economically productive members work separately to earn salary
and wages. It is also a frequent occurence that families may engage in business
enterprises, thereby seving as a unit of production. -(Medina, 2001)

Physical Maintenance
The family provides for the suvival needs (foods, shelter, and clothing) of its
dependent members, like young children and the aged.

Welfare and protection

The family support spouses or partners by providing for companionship and meeting
affective, sexual, and socioeconomic needs. By developing a sense of love and
belonging, the family gives the children emotional gratification and psychological
security (Medina, 2001). The family is a source of motivation and morale for its
members.

4. Describe Family as a System and describe the developmental stages and tasks of
family life cycle?
Describe Family as a System
The general system theory has been applied to the study of families (Munichin,
2002; von Bertalanffy. 1968, 1972, 1974). It is a way to explain how the family as
a unit interacts with larger units outside the family and with smaller units inside
the family (Friedman, 1998). Each member of the system is, to a certain extent,
independent of other members, yet the members are in so many ways dependent on each
members. Thus, the family is certainly more than just the sum of its members. The
family may be affected by any disrupting force acting on a system outside the
family. The family is embedded in social system that have an influence on health,
just as it is affected by the family. Parke (2002) stated that there are three
subsystem of the family that are most important: parent-child subsystem, marital
subsystem, and sibling-sibling subsytem. Dunst and Trivette (2009) reviewed 20
years of system theory and importance of earlychildhood interventions, adding that
system theory provides direction ikn understanding how healthcare providers can
expand family capacity by changing parenting, and therefore changing child
behaviors.
Describe the developmental stages
Nurses are familiar with the developmental stages of individuals from prenatal
through adult. Duvall and Miller, 1985) In her claasic work she indetified stages
that normal families transverse from marriage to death.
Beginning the family through marriage or commitment as a couple relationship.
Parenting the first child.
Living with adolescent(s).
Launching family (youngest child leaves home).
Middle aged family (remaining marital dyad to retirement).
Aging family(from retirement to death of both spouses)
To asssess the family, the community health nurse must comprehend these pjhases and
the nurse must comprehend these phases and the sturggles that families experiences
while going through them.
Stages and tasks of the family life cycle
1. Marriage: joining of the families
Formation of identity as a couple
Inclusion of spouse in realignment of relationship with extended families
Parenthood: making decisions
2. Families with young children
Integration of children into family unit
Adjustment of tasks: child rearing. financial, and household
Accomodation of new parenting and grandparenting roles
3. Families with adolescents
Development of increasing autonomy for adolescets
Midlife reexamination of marital and career issues
Initial shift towards concern for older generation
4. Damilies as launching centers
Establishment of independent identities for parents and grown children
Renegotiation of marital relationship
Readjustment of relationships to include in-laws and grandchildren
Dealing with disabilities and death of older genaration
5. Aging families
Maintaining couple and individual functioning while adapting to the aging process
Support role of middle generation
Preparation for own death and dealing with loss of spouse and/or siblings and other
peers

5. What are the identified family health tasks as well as the characteristics of a
HEALTHY family
Recognizing interruptions of health or development
Seeking health care
Managing health and nonhealth crises
Providing nursing care to sick, disabled, or dependent members of the family
Maintining home environment conducive to good health and personal development
Maintaning a reciprocal relationship with the community and its health institutions
Characteristics of a healthy family
Members interacts with each other; they communicate and listen repeatedly in many
contexts.
Healthy families can establish priorities. Members understand that family needs are
priority.
Healthy families affirm, support, and respect each other.
The members engage in flexible role relationships, share power, respond to change,
support the growth and autonomy of ohters, and engage in decision making that
affects them.
The family teaches family and societal values and beliefs and shares spiritual
core.
Healthy families foster responsibility and value service to others.
Healthy families have a sense of play and humor and share leisure time.
Healthy families have the ability to cope with stress and crisis and grow from
problems. They know when to seek help from professionals.

6. Describe each phases of Family Nursing Process

Family Health Assessment
Assessment of the family helps practitioners identify the health status of
individual composition, function, and process. The nurse collect as much
information about the family as is feasible and practical. The process of family
assessment is unceasing and requires objectivity and professional judgment to
attach pratical meaning to the information being acquired
Family Nursing Diagnosis
Nusing diagnoses may be formulated at several levels: as individual family members,
as a family unit, or as the family in relation to its environment/community. An
alternative tool for nursing diagnosis is the Family Coping Index. This tool is
based on the premise that nursing action may help on the premise that nursing
action may help in provideing for a health need or resolving a health problem by
promoting the family's coping capacity.
Formulating Plan of Care
Planning involves priority setting, establishing goals and objectives, and
determining appropriate interventions to achieve goals and objectives. The nurse
has to remember that the plan is for the family's benefit and must never lose sight
of the fact that the family has the right to self detemination.
Implementing Plan of Care
Implementation is the step when the family and/ or the nurse execute the plan of
action. The pattern of implementation is to determined by the object mutually
agreed upon goals and objectives and the selected courses of action. When
appropriate, it involves providing direct nursing care, helping family to do what
is necessary to meet health needs and problems reffering to another health worker
or agency.
Evaluation
To evaluate is to determine or the fix value. In family nursing, evaluation is
detemining the value of nursing care that has been given to a family. The product
of this step is used for further decision making: to terminate, continue, or modify
the interventions.

7. What are the different family nurse contacts and describe each?
Clinic Visit
Takes place in a private clinic, health center, barangay health station, or in
ambilatory clinic during a community outreach avtivity.
Group Conference
Such as conference of mothers in the neighborhood, provides an opportunity for
initial contact between the nurse and target families of the community. It may take
place in a health facility or in the community. This type of family-nurse contact
is appropriate for developing cooperation, leadership, self-reliance, and/or
community awareness among group members.
Written Communication
Is used to give specific information to families, such as instructions give to
parents through school children.
Home Visit
Is a professional, purposeful interaction that takes place in family's residence
aimed at promoting, maintaining, or restoring the health of the family or its
members.

8. Discuss the importance of home visit, it's advantages and disadavantages.

Home visits help to observe family practices and progress of care given by nurses
and others. Home visits help the nurses and family members to modify the ways of
their care.
Advantages
It allows firsthand assessment of the home situation: family dynamics,
environmental, factors affecting health, and resources within the home.
The nurse is able to seek out previously unidentified needs.
It gives the nurse an opportunity to adapt interventions according to the family
resources.
It promotes family participation and focuses on the family as a unit.
Teaching family members in the home is made easier by the familiar environment and
the recognition of the need to learn as they are faced by the actual home
situation.
The personalized nature of home visit gives the family a sence of confidence in
themselves and in the agency.
Disadvantage
The major disadvantage relates to efficiency: the cost in terms of time and effort.
Also, because the nurse is unable to control the environment, there are more
distractions in the home. The nurse's safety may also be concern.

9. What are the general principles in the use of Public Health Nurse bag?
Bag technique helps the nurse in infection control.
The proper use of the bag allows the practice of medical aseptic technique during
the home visit where the family members and the articles in the home are considered
potential sources of infection.
Bag technique allows the nurse to give care efficiently.
It saves time and effort by ensuring that the articles needed for nursing care are
available.
Bag technique should not take away the nurse's focus on the patient and the family.
It is simply a tool in providing care.
Bag technique may be performed in different ways.
There may be variations in using the bag technique because of agency policies and
home situtions.

10. In line with infection control, what are the guidelines to consider when doing
home visit and as part of Bag technique.
Remember to proceed from "clean" to "contaminated".
The bag and its contents should be well protected from contact with any article in
the patient's home. Consider the bag sterile, while articles that belong to the
patients as dirty and contaminated.
Line the table/flat surface with paper/washable protector on the bag and all of the
articles to be used are placed.
Wash your hands before and after physical assessment and physical care of each
family member.
Bring out only the articles needed for the care of the family. Those that will not
be used should remain in the bag. This practice is facilitated when the contents of
the bag are arranged according to the nurse's convinience to avoid confusion and
promote efficieny.
Do not put any of the family's article on your paper lining/washable protector.
Whenever possible and as necessary, wash your articles before putting them back
into the bag. If this is not possible. wrap them properly to prevent
contamininating the bag and its contents.
After using an article such as apron or washable protector, confine the
contaminated surface by folding the contaminated side inward.
Wash the inner cloth lining of the bag as necessary.