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The steady state radial temperature distribution in the solid.

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The steady state radial temperature distribution in the solid is:

qr q
 ro 2  r 2   T

T  r  o 
3h 6k

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Given:

The radius of the solid sphere is ro

The volumetric heat generation rate is q
The thermal conductivity of the radioactive material is k
The temperature of the liquid bath is T
The convection coefficient of the liquid bath is h

Formula used:

The heat equation for uniform heat generation in the sphere is given as,
1 d  2 dT  q
r   0
r 2 dr  dr  k
Here, r is the radius inside the sphere and T is the temperature at the required r .

The Boundary conditions are given as,

dT
0
dr r 0  Q  Qconv  r ro
and cond
Here, Qcond is the conduction heat transfer, Qconv is the convection heat transfer and ro is
the radius of the solid sphere.

The conduction heat transfer is given as,

dT
Qcond   k
dr

The convection heat transfer is given as,

Qconv  h T  r   T 
T  r
Here, is the temperature at a radius r in the sphere.

Calculation:

The temperate distribution inside the solid sphere can be calculates as,
1 d  2 dT  q
r   0
r 2 dr  dr  k
d  2 dT   2
qr
r 
dr  dr  k

Integrate the above equation with respect to r ,

d  2 dT   2
qr
 dr  dr   k
r  

 2 dT   3
qr
 r     C1
 dr  3k
dT qr
 C
  21
dr 3k r
Here, C1 is the integration constant.

Integrate the above equation again with respect to r ,

dT  qr  C 
 dr     3k  r 21 
 2 C1
qr
T  r     C2
6k r ......(1)
Here, C 2 is the integration constant.

The integration constants C1 and C 2 can be calculated as,

Apply the boundary condition,
dT
0
dr r 0
q  0  C1
0  2
3k r
C1  0

Apply the boundary condition,

  Qcond  Qconv  r r o

dT
k  h T  ro   T 
dr r  ro

  qr
o   qr
 o2 
k   0  h  0  C 2  T 
 3k   6k 
qr  o2
 o qr
C2    T
3h 6k

Substitute all the values in equation (1),

 2 0  qr
qr   2
qr 
T  r      o  o  T 
6k r  3h 6k 
qr q
 ro 2  r 2   T
o
 
3h 6k

Conclusion:

Therefore, the steady state radial temperature distribution in the solid is:
qr q
 ro 2  r 2   T

T  r  o 
3h 6 k

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