Chapter 15: RECEIVABLE FINANCING (Discounting of Notes Receivable)

Concept of Discounting:

A holder of a note can readily convert it to cash by discounting it at a bank, either with or without
recourse. The bank accepts the note and gives the holder cash equal to its maturity value less a discount
computed by a discount rate to the maturity value. The bank gets its money back plus the discount
when the note is paid by its maker at maturity. If the note is not paid at maturity, the bank can collect
from the original holder if it was discounted with recourse. If the arrangement is without recourse, the
bank must find another remedy.

Discounting without recourse- The holder/endorser is not held liable in case the maker fails to pay.

Illustration: Without recourse

On April 1, 20xx ABC Co. received from customer a P100,000, 6-month 8% note and discounted it after
holding for 2 months. The entity discounted the note at 10%.

Solution:

Maturity Value= Principal + Interest for the full term of the note

=100,000+ (100,000 x 8% x 6/12) =104,000

Discount Period= full term-expired term

=6 months- 2 months =4 months

Discount = Maturity value x Discount rate x Discount Period

= 104,000 x 10% x 4/12 =3,467

Net Proceeds = Maturity Value – Discount

= 104,000 – 3,467 =100,533

Interest Income= accrued interest as of date of discounting

=100,000 x 8% x 2/12 =1,333

To entry:

Cash on hand 100,533

Loss on Discounting (squeeze) 800

Note Receivable 100,000

Interest Income 1,333

Discounting with Recourse – The holder/endorser is held liable in case the maker fails to pay. The
discounting is accounted either:

a. Conditional Sale
b. Secured borrowing

Illustration: With Recourse (same problem)

a. If the discounting is treated as a conditional sale of note receivable, the entry to record the
discounting is as follows:

Cash on hand 100,533

Loss on discounting(squeeze) 800
Note receivable discounted 100,000
Interest Income 1,333
The “note receivable discounted” account is deducted from total notes receivable when
presenting financial statements. The corresponding contingent liability is disclosed in notes.

Note is paid by maker on maturity:

Note receivable discounted 100,000

Note receivable 100,000

Note is dishonored by maker: maturity value plus any costs directly attributable to the
dishonor.
- The entity pays the bank the maturity value of the note P104,000, plus protest fee
and other bank charges of P5,000.
1. Payment to the bank:
Accounts receivable 109,000
Cash 109,000

2. To cancel contingent liability:

Notes receivable discounted 100,000
Note receivable 100,000

b. If the discounting is treated as a secured borrowing, the entry to record the discounting is as
follows:

Cash on hand 100,533

Interest Expense(squeeze) 800

Liability on note discounted 100,000

Interest Income 1,333

Note is paid by maker on maturity:

Liability on note discounted 100,000
 Note receivable 100,000

Note is dishonored by maker: maturity value plus any costs directly attributable to the dishonor.

- The entity pays the bank the maturity value of the note P104,000, plus protest fee and other
bank charges of P5,000.

1. Payment to the bank:

Accounts receivable 109,000

Cash 109,000

2. To derecognize the liability for note receivable discounted and note receivable:

Liability on note discounted 100,000

Note receivable 100,000

Discounting of “own” note

A transaction wherein the maker issues a promissory note to borrow a sum of money. A liability in the
form of notes Payable is being incurred. The concept of discounting implies, that the INTEREST IS
DEDUCTED IN ADVANCE, thus the PROCEEDS from discounting were already reduced by the interest.

Illustration: On July 1, 20xx, XYZ Co. discounted its own note of P1,000,000 to a bank at 12% for one
year.

July 1. Cash on hand 880,000

Discount on note payable 120,000

Note payable 1,000,000

Principal 1000,000

Discount (1M x 12%) (120,000)

Net Proceeds 880,000