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How Antenna Choice Will Make or Break

Your 5G Strategy
Wednesday March 4th 2020

Produced in association with CommScope


Information Classification: General
Speakers

Dr. Mohamed Nadder Paula Gilbert


Hamdy Editor, Connecting
Director Mobility Africa
Network Engineering,
CommScope

Information Classification: General


Agenda

• Introduction
• Why 5G matters
• The state of 5G globally and in Africa
• CommScope presentation
• Q&A

Information Classification: General


Introduction: Why are we talking about 5G antennas?

• 5G is a key trend at the moment as African operators prepare to


launch 5G services on the continent
• 5G brings huge opportunity but it also comes with challenges
• What infrastructure decisions must operators make for their 5G
networks?
• What is the latest antenna technology and the benefits of
beamforming?
• Interested in more webinars? -- look for archived webinars on
Connecting Africa at http://www.connectingafrica.com/

Information Classification: General


Introduction: Global Trends

By the end of 2025:


• 5G services are expected to be available to up to 65% of the world's
population
• Globally there will be 2.6B 5G subscriptions
• But only 30M 5G subscriptions in Sub-Saharan Africa
• The MEA region will have 120M 5G subscriptions
• 90M of those in the Middle East and North Africa
• According to 2019 Ericsson
Mobility Report

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Introduction:
AfricaCom Insights
Survey 2019

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Introduction: AfricaCom Insights Survey 2019

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Making headlines at Connecting Africa

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Audience Poll Question #1

In your country, what is the biggest challenge facing 5G


rollouts?

a) Spectrum availability
b) Network upgrade cost
c) Handsets/Devices availability
d) Lack of applications/use cases
e) Users awareness and low ARPU

Information Classification: General


Audience Poll Question #2

Which spectrum is most suited for your 5G initial rollout?

• a) Low bands (Sub 1GHz FDD) for maximum coverage with least capacity.
• b) Mid bands (Sub 6 GHz TDD) for medium capacity and coverage
• c) High bands (mmWaves TDD) for maximum capacity with least coverage.

Information Classification: General


Rise of the
Beamformers
How Antenna Choice Will Make or Break Your 5G Strategy…
March 2020

Dr. Mohamed Nadder


Director of Mobility Network Engineering
Operators with launched 5G

Operators with limited 5G

Operators Actively Deploying 5G

Operators investing in 5G

By end of 2019..

5G Market Snapshot • 61 operators


GSA January 2020 • 34 countries
Launched one or more 3GPP-compliant 5G services
ITU 5G Targets
20 Gbps 100 Mbps
Peak User
Data Rate High data rate

Mid
10 Mbps/m2
Area Traffic Spectral
Capacity Low Efficiency
3x 4G
➢ Peak Data Rate: 20Gbps
➢ Spectral Efficiency: 3x 4G
➢ Latency (UP): 1ms
Energy
Mobility
Efficiency
➢ Connection Density: 106/Km2 100x 4G
500 Km/h

Connection Latency
Density 1 ms
Spectrum BW and Spectral Efficiencies are Key enablers 1M Dev./Km2

Information
12 Classification:
PRIVATE AND CONFIDENTIAL General
© 2017 CommScope, Inc. | v1-17-10
Why New Antennas
Generations? More Capacity

Link Budget limitations 1 2


• Channels BW >100MHz needed More B.W. Spectral Efficiency
• Only possible in high bands >2.1GHz
• Existing macro site to site distances is big
→ Beam Forming antenna gains for high bands New High
Better SINR
bands

Spectral Efficiency Limitations


• Better SINR Link Budget Activating
Problems MU MIMO
• MU-MIMO
→ Beam Forming improves Spectral Efficiency.
Beam Forming

Information
13 Classification:
PRIVATE AND CONFIDENTIAL General
© 2017 CommScope, Inc. | v1-17-10
World Radiocommunication
Conference
Held every three to four years.
WRC-15
• C-band (3.4-3.6GHz)
• L-band (1427-1518MHz)
• 700-band (694-790MHz)
WRC-19
• AI 1.13 :
• IMT Future Bands
• Between 24.25 and 86 GHz
• AI 1.16
• WAS/RLAN Vs Mobile Services
• Between 5150 MHz and 5925 MHz

Information
14 Classification:
PRIVATE AND CONFIDENTIAL General
© 2017 CommScope, Inc. | v1-17-10
Calling for
Beamformers
heroes
Beamforming Antennas are like
legendary Transformers …
Possess “super powers” to
dynamically transform their
patterns’ main beam and nulls
directions…
We like to call them Beamformers
…Fighting back interferences, and
bringing better SINR to planet
Earth, for the benefit of mankind!
Beamformers • Digital / Analog Beamforming
Under the hood.. • Active / Passive Arrays
• Transceivers Configuration

16 © 2019 CommScope, Inc.


Beamformers
Basics

17 © 2019 CommScope, Inc.


Phase Shift effect

Phase shift Φ plays a main role in


beam direction θ
• Destructive and Constructive
beams
• Can be applied from the radio
and by analog phase shifters
Digital Baseband
Analog & Digital Processing RF Chain Splitter

Beamforming
Analog Phase Shift Array
Analog Beamforming

1. Analog
• Beam is controlled by RF Chain

adjusting analog phase Digital Baseband RF Chain


shifters along the RF path Processing
RF Chain

1. Digital RF Chain

• Phases and amplitudes are Digital Beamforming


Array

digitally controlled by
baseband processing.
• Best beam control with higher RF Chain
Splitter
cost, power consumption and Digital Baseband
Processing
signaling overheads. Splitter
RF Chain
1. Hybrid
Analog Phase Shift Sub Arrays

Hybrid Beamforming
19 © 2019 CommScope, Inc.
Building a Passive Beamformer
20 © 2019 CommScope, Inc.
Passive Beamformers
OEM’s radios supporting the calibration
functionality and ports

Sprint/SAMSUNG 8T8R installation

Huawei RRU3252 LTE-TDD RRU


4AE
x x x x
x x x x
Horizontal BW (steering)

no. AE/Pol/Subarray
x x x x
    x x x x
    11AE x x x x

Vertical BW (e-Tilt)
    x x x x

no. Subarray/Column
    x x x x





8 (4 x-pol columns)    
    x x x x
   
= 2 Subarrays
    (Co & Cross Pol ±45o)

Digital Precoding Each RF chain mapped to one subarray (Single Polarization)


8T8R on 8 subarrays • Radio Applies Phase and Amplitude variation (Digital
Only Precoding)
@3.5GHz (example)
No Analog Precoding applied for Beam steering
Config.: 8 RF Chains (4+4) from Radio to Antenna ports

22 © 2019 CommScope, Inc.


Radiating Patterns
1. Column Pattern
• Used for UL in some systems
Column Pattern
2. Broadcast pattern (LTE)
• A non-steerable wider beam, Can
have less gain (Weighting Loss).
3. Broadcast pattern Envelope (5GNR)
• Envelope of sweeping SSB beams
(synchronization signal block)
BC Pattern LTE BC Envelope 5GNR
4. Service Beam pattern
• A steerable narrow beam for user
traffic.
5. Soft Split Pattern
• Emulating two fixed (non steerable)
twin beams
Service Beam Soft Split
Building an Active Beamformer
24 © 2019 CommScope, Inc.
1. Number of Transceivers Selection

Passive beamformers heroes, have up to eight radio transceivers powers.


What happens if we increase the radio transceivers beyond that?
➢ Implies Integrated radios Active Antennas

Large number of mMIMO antenna elements allows


narrower, focused and highly directive beams.

➢ Improves spectral and energy efficiencies


➢ One of key technologies for achieving 5G
performance targets
The Lund University Massive
➢ Cost, power consumption, signaling MIMO testbed – (LuMaMi)
overhead.
Number of
Antenna Elements

Ideal Panel Gain (lossless)


GainPanel = Gainelement + 3log2(a)+ 3log2(s)
= Gainelement + 3log2(a.s)

Each RF chain is always mapped to a single


subarray.

26 © 2019 CommScope, Inc.


Total #AE/Sub #SubArr BF Panel
xTxR (a) (s) AE Gain (dBi) Subarray Gain Gain Gain AE
Number of 8
32
11
1
4
16
5.1
5.1
15.48
5.10
6.00
12.00
21.48
17.10
88
32
Antenna Elements 32
32
2
3
16
16
5.1
5.1
8.10
9.85
12.00
12.00
20.10
21.85
64
96
32 4 16 5.1 11.10 12.00 23.10 128
64 1 32 5.1 5.10 15.00 20.10 64
64 2 32 5.1 8.10 15.00 23.10 128
Mapping options 64 3 32 5.1 9.85 15.00 24.85 192
64 4 32 5.1 11.10 15.00 26.10 256
• Table shows different Subarray sizes
panel gain. (Lossless) 8T8R 32T32R

• Figure shows 32T32R with a=2 & s =16


(3rd row)
16 Subarrays

4x2AE
11AE
A Passive 8T8R BF panel gain..
• Exceeds 32T32R, with a = 2 4 Subarrays

• Similar to 32T32R, with a = 3

= 2RF Chains 4AE


1 3 5 7
2 4 6 8
27 © 2019 CommScope, Inc.
Beamformers
Selection

28 © 2019 CommScope, Inc.


<1 GHz

1.4-6 GHz
1. Spectrum MIMO
Coverage & link budgets 4T4R
>6 GHz
MIMO BF

=
8T8R

High Rise
(FD BF)
 Low traffic MaMIMO BF
32T32R
Urban/Suburbs
(AZ/FD BF) 2. Clutter 3.Financials Mid-High
Transceivers and MaMIMO BF
Rural Beam Steering Patterns
Capacity Hotspots 64T64R
(AZ BF)

Beamformers Configuration
Selection Factors
I. Spectrum
Coverage and Link Budgets
Spectrum effect Low Bands (Sub 1 GHz)
• Largest coverage
• Low bandwidth users

Relative Bandwidths
Sub 1 GHz Mid Bands (1.4 to 6 GHz)
• Small bandwidth • Medium range
• Best coverage • Medium BW and capacity
High Bands (mmWave)
1.4-6 GHz
• Medium bandwidth
• Medium coverage • Short range
• High BW and capacity
>6 GHz mmWaves
Cell Range
• Huge bandwidth
• Worst coverage
Massive MIMO and
Beamforming

5GNR on Existing
Macro Cell Sites Beam scanning

Beam k
5G-NR @3.5 GHz in NSA modes. N-Antenna
Base Station
DL Coverage UE K

Beamforming improves DL coverage Concept1:


reach DL Beamformed Control Channel
+10 dB

UL imbalance Beam 1 Concept2:


Supplemental Uplink
Moving UL to lower FDD bands UE 1
Extend UL by using low
band.

1. EN-DC (Supplemental UL)


UL/DL decoupling EN-DC (NSA 3x)
• E-UTRA & NR Dual Carrier
• 3GPP standard, e.g. NSA Option 3x
2. UL/DL decoupling
• 4G spectrum to carry 5G NR uplink
services
• Dynamic LTE/NR allocation
• OEM’s approach
Link Budget
Calculations

Cell Edge is at
Transmit power - pathloss =
Rx Sensitivity

Results show (Indoor coverage) Path Balance UMA (indoor)


• 8T8R DL Coverage close to 32T32R 8T8R DL 3500 1335

• FDD UL limiting factor for all 32T32R DL 3500 1325

64T64R DL 3500 2105

FDD UL 1800 785

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500


Cell Edge (m)
II. Clutter
Beam Steering Patterns
Clutter/Terrain
Decision Factor
?
Full-dimensional (3D) beamforming Even distribution of subscribers
• Adds complexity and cost per beam
• Increased number of TRXs/filters
• Vertical beamforming angular range
determined by antenna configuration
Added benefit of 3D BF expected in short
ISD and high rise scenarios
• Dense urban
• Scanning range in elevation matching

?
the subscriber distribution
Less added benefit in flat terrains
• Suburban
• Rural

Most subscribers served by one beam


0.5λ

Capacity Simulation x x x x x x x x x x x x … x
(64T64R) 32AE

0.5λ
• 32Hx1V shows best MU- Overlap
MIMO performance in x x x x x x x x
Horizontal domain x x x x x x x x
4AE
0.5λ x x x x x x x x
• 8Hx4V shows good MU-
x x x x x x x x
MIMO performance in
8AE
Horizontal with overlapping
vertical 0.5λ

• 8Hx4V in 2λ shows improved


x x x x x x x x
vertical segregation but with
added sidelobes. x x x x x x x x
4AE
2λ x x x x x x x x
Source: IEEE Communications Magazine • June 2013
x x x x x x x x
Capacity Simulation
(64T64R)
Capacity (b/s/Hz)

Overlap
32H x 1V 6.27

Horizontal only (2D) beam


steering showing highest
Capacity for mostly horizontally 8H x 4V (0.5λ) 3.53
distributed users

8H x 4V (2λ) 5.47

Source: IEEE Communications Magazine • June 2013


III. Commercial Value
Transceivers Numbers (TR), Capacity and Revenue
Typical Cells vs Load Distribution Normalized Capacity vs HW Cost
During Busy Hour 9

Commercial Value 8
7
6

Decision Factor 5
4
3
2

• MaMIMO addresses ~10% of cells 1


0
4T4R 8T8R BF MaMIMO MaMIMO
in a typical network (planar array) (16T16R) (64T64R)

Cell Loading
• MaMIMO challenges: Normalized site capacity DL (~)
Normalized weighted cost
• Infrastructure
(power, space, load, etc.)
Curve shifts to right with
• ROI increasing traffic
• EMF guidelines (many countries)

Alternative capacity solutions, less


glamourous but pragmatic at many No of Cells
locations: Small % of cells highly
loaded (<10%)
4T4R, multibeam, 8T8R BF, hybrid
solutions Medium load on slightly
larger % of cells (20-30%)

A long tail for lightly


loaded cells (60-70%)
Passive 8T8R Active 32T32R
x x x x x x x x
x x x x x x x x
Sharper
32T32R Vs 8T8R Vertical BW
x x x x x x x x
Service beams @3500MHz x x x x x x x x
11AE x x x x x x x x 4x2AE
x x x x
Similar
x x x x
Horizontal Beam x x x x
Horizontal
x x x x
BW





• 4AE both x x x x
= 2RF Chains x x x x
• Similar horizontal pattern shapes. 4AE
0.5λ
• Similar Spectral Efficiency for
horizontally spread users
Elevation beam
• 11AE provide narrower elevation
pattern (e-tilt adjustable)
• 32TR’s is wider with overlaps and
less gain
Cost Implications
• 4x number of transceivers Azimuth Elevation
-30o, 0o, +30o -30o, 0o, +30o
• Power Consumption
Financial Selection Flow

Revenue

Low Mid-High Hotspot

MIMO MIMO BF MIMO BF mMIMO BF mMIMO BF mMIMO BF


4T4R 8T8R 8T8R 32T32R 64T64R 64T64R

Low cost solutions Mid-High cost solutions High cost solutions


41 PRIVATE
Information AND CONFIDENTIAL
Classification: © 2017
General CommScope, Inc | v1.1
Beamformers
innovations

42 © 2019 CommScope, Inc.


Zero footprint
Passive

• Minimal Tower Space


• Legacy + BF in one
Interleaved Passive
Active Arrays

• Full length Passive Antenna


• Interleaved Active Beamformer
Conclusion

© 2019
45 CommScope, Inc.
Passive Vs Active
beamformers, who
wins?
Each can win depending on the
battle field environment
• Spectrum
• Terrain
• Cost and Revenue
Nascar Mexico 2019

…Beamformers are here to save


our 5G deployments. We just need
to wisely choose.

46 PRIVATE AND CONFIDENTIAL © 2019 CommScope, Inc | v19

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