Mapua University

Senior High School

Science, Technology, Engineering
and Mathematics

Experiment 3:
Stoichiometry
Magliquian, Ethan Rae T.
Mendoza, Abraham M.
Ong, Christian Gabriel A.
Ortega, Azriel Matthew O.
Palma, Katherine B. February 4, 2018
Prof. Ardvin Kester S. Ong, RCT, RCH Group 5 – CHM01 – G111

ABSTRACT
Stoichiometry is the quantitative study of reactants and products in a chemical reaction. It is also a
calculation of relative quantities of reactants and products in chemical reactions. Stoichiometry can
identify the amount of the resulting product of reactants. The objective of the study is to
differentiate limiting reactant from excess reactant and to compute for the theoretical yield and for
the percent yield of a chemical reaction. The experiment’s aim is to determine the result of the
amounts of the used chemicals using Stoichiometry to have accuracy. With the outcome acquired,
the overall experiment was determined as fair and pure.

- Christian Gabriel A. Ong

Keywords: stoichiometry, chemical reaction, reactant, percent yield, actual yield

Introduction
Stoichiometry is the quantitative study of
reactants and products in a chemical reaction.
It can determine the amount of products that
will be produced from specific amounts of
reactants and how much reactants are needed
to form a specific amount of a product.
Stoichiometry has three laws, Law of
Conservation of Mass, which states that the
mass of the products are equal to the mass of
the reactants, Law of Multiple Proportions,
which states the mass of one element
combines with a fixed mass of another
element in a ratio of whole numbers, and Law
of Constant Composition, which states that all
samples of a given chemical compound have
the same elemental composition.
In the experiment, the masses of the
compounds will be measured to determine the
theoretical yield and percent yield. It will also
determine the limiting reactant and the excess
reactant in the chemical equation
Theoretical yield is the amount of product
calculated from the balanced equation based
on the amounts of reactants used. There are
three formulas used in finding the theoretical
yield.
mass
moles=
molar mass
Equation 1. Moles of an element or
compound

Group 5 CHM01 - AKSOng

To find the moles of an element or
compound, the mass of the element or
compound is divided by the molar mass of the
element of compound. Unit for moles is mol
and the unit for mass is grams.
mass=moles x molar mass
Equation 2. Mass of an element or compound
To determine the mass of an element or
compound, multiply the moles of your
element or compound with the molar mass of
your element or compound.
mass
molar mass=
moles
Equation 3. Molar Mass of an element or
compound
There are 2 ways to find the molar mass of an
element or compound. First is to add all of the
masses of the elements in the compound.
Second is to divide the mass of the element or
compound by the moles of the element or
compound.
actual yield
P ercent Yield= x 100
theoretical yield
Equation 4. Percent Yield Formula
Where theoretical yield is the calculated value
in the experiment and actual yield is the value
measured or given in the experiment. Actual
yield must be lower than the theoretical yield,
because if actual yield is higher than the
theoretical yield, there is an error in the
experiment.
-Matthew Azriel A. Ortega
Experimental Section
Equipment and Glassware
Group 5
150-mL beaker, glass stirring rod, 50-mL
graduated cylinder, iron stand, electronic
balance, 400-mL beaker, Bunsen burner,
funnel, funnel support, watch glass, iron ring,
tongs
Methodology
A dry watch glass with a filter paper placed
on top was weighed using the electronic
balance in grams. Data was recorded.
In a 400-mL beaker, a 300-mL of water was
placed and was brought to a boil which will
serve as the steam bath for the watch glass
with the filter paper.
In a 150-mL beaker, 20 mL of 1M calcium
chloride (CaCl2) and 10 mL of 1M sodium
carbonate, Na2Co3 were mixed. A 50-mL
graduated cylinder was used to measure the
volume. The mixture was stirred thoroughly.
Distilled water was added gradually and
mixed to achieve the desired consistency. It
was set aside for 5 minutes to complete the
reaction. The mixture was filtered.
The filter paper that contained the precipitate
was placed on the watch glass.
The watch glass that contained the filter paper
with the precipitate was placed over the
boiling water in the 400-mL beaker and was
left to dry. It was removed from the steam
bath and was left to cool.
The watch glass that contained the dried filter
paper with the precipitate was weighed in
grams and data was recorded.
From the data gathered, the mass of the
precipitate (Actual yield of CaCl3) was
obtained by subtracting the mass of the watch
glass in grams from the mass of the watch
glass that contained the filter paper with the
precipitate.
Actual yield of the precipitate = (mass of
watch glass and dried precipitate) – (mass of
watch glass)
CHM01 - AKSOng
The theoretical yield and the percent yield of
the precipitate were calculated.
-Katherine B. Palma
Results and Discussion
The lab experiment shows the stoichiometry
how to calculate the actual yield, theoretical
yield, and the percent yield
The table shows the results of the experiment.
Conclusion
The objectives of this experiment is to
calculate the theoretical yield, percent yield
and differentiate limiting reactant from excess
reactants.
The importance of calculating the percent
yield and theoretical yield is to identify if the
product is pure or impure or was it an error in
calculations, or in measurement.

Mass of watch glass 52.76 grams In this experiment, it shows how to calculate
in grams the actual yield, theoretical yield, and the
Mass of watch glass 53.87 grams percent yield involving stoichiometry. The
and precipitate in
amount of the product actually obtained from
grams
Mass of precipitate 1.65 grams the balanced equation based from the
(Actual yield of reactants is 2 grams of CaCO in grams. The
CaCO3) in grams calculated percent yield of CaCO is 0.6 grams
Theoretical yield of 2 grams and it is the efficiency of the chemical
(Actual yield of reaction.
CaCO3) in grams
Percent yield of 0.6 grams Since the calculated theoretical yield is less
CaCO3 than 100% and the calculated yield is 0.6 or
60% this ideal or theoretical yield can be
As the result of this experiment, the percent labelled as "fair". Since the calculated value is
yield of CaCO3 are understandably less than not above 100% we can conclude that the
100% because many things will contribute to products are pure.
the formation of less product than would be -Abraham M. Mendoza
predicted. Besides spills and other
experimental errors, there are usually losses
References:
due to an incomplete reaction, undesirable
side reactions, etc. However, percent yields Calderon, Edna., Santos, Nanette. Chemistry
Laboratory Manual – Part 1, 2016
greater than 100% are possible if the
measured product of the reaction contains Kumar, Sunil. Stoichiometry: Chapter 3,
impurities that cause its mass to be greater NYU, Abu Dhabi, 2014
than it actually would be if the product was
pure. But for our experiment it takes up to Mogalisetti Pratyusha., Walt David.,
60% because some of the chemicals Stoichiometry of a Reaction As Revealed
through Single-Molecule Studies,
evaporated when you heated the watch glass.
Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts,
-Ethan Rae T. Magliquian 2015

Group 5 CHM01 - AKSOng

Bhatt, B.I., Thakore, Shuchen.,
th
Stoichiometry Book – 5 Edition,
Ahmedabad Area, India, 2007

Group 5 CHM01 - AKSOng