Flow of Liquids From Containers - Volume Flow and Emptying Time Calculator

12/10/2019 Flow of Liquids from Containers - Volume Flow and Emptying Time Calculator
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Flow of Liquids from Containers - Volume Flow and Emptying Time

Calculator
Liquid velocity, volume flow and draining time when emptying containers
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Base Apertures
The liquid outlet velocity when draining a tank or a container can be calculated
https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/flow-liquid-water-tank-d_1753.html 1/12
v = Cv (2 g H )1/2 (1a)
where
v = outlet velocity (m/s)
Cv = velocity coefficient (water 0.97)
g = acceleration of gravity (9.81 m/s2)
H = height (m)
The liquid volume flow can be calculated
V = Cd A (2 g H)1/2 (1b)
where
V = volume flow (m3/s)
A = area of aperture - flow outlet (m2)
Cd = discharge coefficient
where
Cd = Cc Cv
where
Cc = contraction coefficient (sharp edge aperture 0.62, well rounded aperture 0.97)
A = area aperture (m2)
Example - Volume Flow when draining a Container

The height from the surface to the outlet aperture in a water filled container is 3 m. The aperture is sharp
edged with diameter 0.1 m. The discharge coefficient can be calculated as
Cd = 0.62 0.97
= 0.6
The are of the aperture can be calculated as
A = π ((0.1 m) / 2)2
= 0.008 m2
The volume flow through the aperture can be calculated as
V = 0.6 (0.008 m2) (2 (9.81 m/s2) (3 m))1/2
= 0.037 m3/s
For height 1.5 m the volume flow is 0.1 m3/s. For height 0.5 m the volume flow is 0.06 m3/s.
Draining Tank Calculator

This calculator is based on eq. (1b) and can be used to estimate the volume flow and time used to drain a
container or tank through an aperture.
The calculator divides the container in "slices" and makes an iterative average calculation for each slice. The
accuracy of the calculation can be increased by increasing the number of slices.
1 Bottom area of tank or container (m2)
3 H - height between surface and aperture (m)
0.008 A - aperture area (m2)
0.6 Cd - discharge coefficient
10 no. of "slices" (for the iterative calculation)
calculate! - results in table below!
Average Height between Average Flow Volume in Segment Time to Drain Segment
Segment Segment and Aperture
(m) (m3/s) (m3) (s)
0 2.85 0.0359 0.3 8.36

1 2.55 0.034 0.3 8.84
2 2.25 0.0319 0.3 9.41
3 1.95 0.0297 0.3 10.1
4 1.65 0.0273 0.3 11
5 1.35 0.0247 0.3 12.1
6 1.05 0.0218 0.3 13.8
7 0.75 0.0184 0.3 16.3
8 0.45 0.0143 0.3 21
9 0.15 0.00823 0.3 36.4
SUM 3 147
Note! - the flow is reduced and the time is increased with reduced height.
Small Lateral Apertures
Outlet velocity can be expressed as
v = Cv (2 g H)1/2 (2a)
Distance s can be expressed as
s = 2 (H h)1/2 (2b)
Volume flow can be expressed as
V = Cd A (2 g H)1/2 (2c)
Reaction force can be expressed as
F=ρVv (2d)
where
ρ = density (kg/m3) (water 1000 kg/m3)
Large Lateral Apertures
V = 2/3 Cd b (2 g)1/2 (H23/2 - H13/2) (3a)
where
b = width of aperture (m)
Excess Pressure in Container
Outlet velocity can be expressed as
v = Cv (2 (g H + p / ρ))1/2 (4a)
where
p = excess pressure in container or tank (N/m2, Pa)
V = Cd A (2 (g H + p / ρ))1/2 (4b)
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Engineering ToolBox, (2011). Flow of Liquids from Containers - Volume Flow and Emptying Time
Calculator. [online] Available at: https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/flow-liquid-water-tank-
d_1753.html [Accessed Day Mo. Year].
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12/10/2019 Flow of Liquids from Containers - Volume Flow and Emptying Time Calculator

Flow of Liquids from Containers - Volume Flow and Emptying Time

Tanks faster back in service

v = outlet velocity (m/s)

Cv = velocity coefficient (water 0.97)

g = acceleration of gravity (9.81 m/s2)

The liquid volume flow can be calculated

V = volume flow (m3/s)

A = area of aperture - flow outlet (m2)

A = area aperture (m2)

Example - Volume Flow when draining a Container

The are of the aperture can be calculated as

The volume flow through the aperture can be calculated as

V = 0.6 (0.008 m2) (2 (9.81 m/s2) (3 m))1/2

Draining Tank Calculator

1 Bottom area of tank or container (m2)

3 H - height between surface and aperture (m)

0.008 A - aperture area (m2)

0.6 Cd - discharge coefficient

10 no. of "slices" (for the iterative calculation)

calculate! - results in table below!

0 2.85 0.0359 0.3 8.36

Small Lateral Apertures

Outlet velocity can be expressed as

Distance s can be expressed as

Volume flow can be expressed as

Reaction force can be expressed as

ρ = density (kg/m3) (water 1000 kg/m3)

Large Lateral Apertures

Volume flow can be expressed as

V = 2/3 Cd b (2 g)1/2 (H23/2 - H13/2) (3a)

b = width of aperture (m)

Excess Pressure in Container

Outlet velocity can be expressed as

p = excess pressure in container or tank (N/m2, Pa)

Volume flow can be expressed as

Pipe Flow & Pressure Drop Calc

Pipe Flow Software for uid

Pipe Flow Software for

Pipe Flow Software

Search the Engineering ToolBox

flow rate calculator flow rate from a tank

flow through a hole in a tank tank emptying time calculator

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