ARCH 458 ##21 + 22

Water &Building
Topics:
Rainwater (Stein 20)
Water Supply (Stein 21.1/5-10)
Liquid Waste (Stein 22)
Fire Protection (Stein 24.1-4)
Mario’s Plumbing Shortcourse
Farts . . . . . . . Up
Shits . . . . . . . Down
Left . . . . . . . . Hot
Right . . . . . . . Cold
Friday is payday
Don’t chew your fingernails!
 The exterior water cycle
• Water in Architecture
• Hydrologic Cycle
• Basic Planning
• Rainwater
• Collection and Storage (Grey Water Use)
• Site Planning
• The Roof and its Components
 Water in Architecture
• Keep water out of the building
• Nourishment
– 3 gallons/capita/day
• Cleansing and Hygiene
– 14 g/cd for clothes washing
– 21 g/cd for bathing and personal hygiene
• Transportation of Waste mainly Organic Waste
– 32 g/cd for flushing the toilet
• Cooling (& Heating)
• Ornamental
• Ceremonial Use
• Protective (Fire)
Hydrological Cycle
• Finite quantity of water in the
earth and its atmosphere
• Ground water / water table
practice
practice
practice
practice
•Protective (Fire)
•Cooling (& Heating)
•Ornamental
•Ceremonial Use
•Cooling (& Heating)
•Ornamental
•Ceremonial Use
 Basic Planning
• Basic sizing
– Quantities
– Area where it will be used
– Return to the hydrological cycle
• Water Supply
– Cisterns
• Plumbing Fixtures
• Sewage
 Water in Building Construction
• 1 ton of brick requires 580 gal of water
• 1 ton of steel requires 43,600 gal of water
• 1 ton of plastic requires 348,750 gal of water
• Main ingredients of concrete: 6 gal / bag of
cement ( 94lb)

• Cooling in power plants!

 Current practice / conservation
possibilities
• Mix of sanitary waste and rainwater in urban sewer
system
• Rainwater for garden use
• Very little irrigation
• Non porous surfaces
• High use of potable water in toilets
• Unefficient fixtures
• Hardly any grey water use
• Innovative metering systems
 Rainwater
• Rainwater
– Data from Weather Stations
• Collection and Storage
– Average annual rainfall needed for calculation of
cistern capacity

• Reuse
– Grey water
– Black water
Design integration of rainwater runoff
• Watershed

• In class examples:
– Draw the roof of your current design:
– determine the flow of rainwater.
• Sizing of Roof Drains, Leaders, Rainwater
piping
– Max rainfall/hour needed for calculation
Dimensions and sizes
1.6” over 1 s.f. = 1 gallon
Maximum
100 year 1
hour rainfall
in inches
 Site Planning
• Roof retention
– A slow flow roof (near to flat) reduces overflow,
but risk of leaks!
– Steep roofs for cisterns, keep water more clean
– Green roof!
• Porous Pavements

• Drainage
practice
Dimensions
4 inch/hour rainfall rate
4 inch/hour rainfall rate
Retention v. Detention
Bioretention Stormwater Treatment System

Removed:
Fecal Coliform 97%
Total Suspended Solids 98%
Chemical Oxygen Demand 82%
Total Dissolved Nitrogen 77%
Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon 90%
Lead 77%
Chromium 98%
Phosphorus 90%
Zinc 90%
 Water Supply

Downfeed
distribution
Water Upfeed Distribution
 Potable Water / Grey Water
• Greywater irrigation
• Water recycling
Hot Water
Solar Heated
Hot Water
Water Heaters
Water Heaters
 Water Heaters

Tankless

Tank Type
Water Heaters
 Cleansing and Elimination
• Water flushing toilets
Kohler Archer $326.00
 Cleansing and Elimination
• Water flushing toilets
Kohler Saile $1,200.00
 Cleansing and Elimination
• Water flushing toilets
Kohler Fountainhead $4,400.00
 Cleansing and Elimination
• Water flushing toilets
Kohler Reve $1,152.00
 Cleansing and Elimination
• Water flushing toilets
Kohler Purist Hatbox $4,141.00

Purist Paper Dispenser $99.00

 Cleansing and Elimination
• Waterless toilets
 Cleansing and Elimination
• Waterless toilets
 Cleansing and Elimination
• Waterless toilets
 Cleansing and Elimination
• Waterless toilets
 Cleansing and Elimination
• Waterless toilets
 Cleansing and Elimination
• Waterless toilets
 Cleansing and Elimination
• Waterless toilets
urinals
 Fixtures and Water Conservation
• Waterless Urinals
• Low Flow Shower Heads
• Dual flush toilets
 Cleansing and Elimination
• Principles of Drainage
– The trap
– Venting
• Fig. 22.9
 Cleansing and Elimination
• Design of Waste Piping
Plumbing
Liquid Waste
Typical sanitary drainage system
Residential
sanitary
drainage
Design integration of rainwater runoff
• Watershed
– Define surface material of roof: Hard or Green
– Determine the flow direction of rainwater.
– Define areas which will be drained to linear gutters
– Define points of vertical disposure of water

• Sizing of Roof Drains, Leaders, Rainwater piping

– Max rainfall/hour needed for calculation