TASK

Answer in your notebook each question and make a drawing to

illustrate it:

1. What was the Indus Valley Civilization like?

The Indus Valley culture was a Bronze Age civilization, which

developed from around 3300 BC. C. until 1300 a. C. throughout the
valley of the river Indus, in Afghanistan, Pakistan and the northwest of
India. It covered about a hundred settlements and two major cities:
Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro, both sites in Pakistan. Altogether it
comprised the largest area of all ancient civilizations, over a million
square kilometers, and spanned several periods, its peak being
between 2600 and 1900 BC. C.

Like the civilizations of Mesopotamia and Egypt, it depended on its

river. Like the Nile, the Indus overflowed every year, flooding extensive
areas and depositing fertile sediments.

2. What was the caste system and how did it affect life in South
Asia?

Breed:
It is a social system in which personal status is awarded for life,
therefore in caste-organized societies the different strata are closed
and the individual must remain in the social stratum in which he was
born.
The characteristics that differentiate the different social strata are: race,
religion, etc. that he accidentally acquires at birth and with which he
cannot change.
Caste societies can be seen as a class society in which social class is
acquired at birth. Caste systems reject close relationships with
members of other castes.
This "purity" of castes is usually maintained by inbreeding rule,
marriage must be between people of the same social group.
3. Why was the literary legacy of the Aryan civilization
important?

Epic Sanskrit and Pánini Sanskrit

The language of the epic texts Majábharata and Ramaiana, and the
classic Sanskrit described by the grammarian Pánini - after 400 a. C. -
it is considered a different language from Vedic Sanskrit.

From an archaeological point of view, this period corresponds to the

rapid spread of northern black polished pottery throughout northern
India. This was also the time of the beginning of Vedānta, and also the
appearance of Gautama Buddha, and of the Pali language in which the
Buddhist scriptures were written.

From an archaeological point of view, this period corresponds to the

culture of gray painted pottery and the shift of the political center of
India, from the kurus to the panchalas, on the Ganges river.

Historical records only exist after the end of the Vedic period, and they
were very scarce throughout the Middle Ages in India. The end of
Vedic India was marked by cultural, linguistic and political changes.
4. What is Hinduism?

Polytheistic religion originating in India that lacks a structured and

homogeneous system of beliefs but in which it is very important to
follow the sacred texts, Vedas, and certain rules of conduct (respect
the social caste system, follow a marriage ritual, etc. .); It is
characterized by believing in reincarnation and in the existence of a
supreme Being (Brahma) in which the soul of man aspires to dilute
himself when he frees himself from the body and manages to abandon
his karma.

5. Who was the Buddha?

The Buddha was an ascetic, yogi, mendicant, philosopher, and sage

on whose teachings Buddhism was founded. He taught primarily in the
northwestern Indian subcontinent for some forty years. His teaching is
based on a vision of suffering and end of suffering.