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PEPD
Submitted On: 07/04/2020
a. Three or more different routes to synthesize it with its merits and demerits.
b. Most preferred route to synthesize it with worldwide capacity.
c. The Indian scenario in terms of name of the companies producing it, their capacity
etc.
Answer-
1. PHOSPHORIC ACID –
Phosphoric acid is a weak acid with the chemical formula H₃PO₄. Orthophosphoric acid
refers to phosphoric acid, which is the IUPAC name for this compound.
Wet Process - In a wet process facility (see figure), phosphoric acid is produced by
reacting concentrated acid(either sulphuric acid or hydrochloric acid)with naturally
occurring phosphate rock. A high grade of phosphate rock is necessary to avoid
solubilization of impurities such as aluminium, silicon, iron oxides and alkali metals.
The process can be carried out by either of the two methods:
1.) Wet process using conc. Sulphuric acid (93-98%)
2.) Wet process using conc. Hydrochloric acid
Thermal Process –
Thermal process is also known as electric arc furnace process.
It was the primary mention of producing phosphoric acid before
being dominated by the wet process with sulphuric acid.
2Ca3(PO4)2 +6SiO2+10CP4+10CO+6CaSiO3
P4+10CO+10O2 P2O5+10CO2
P2O5 + xH2O H3PO4+(x-3)H2O
Electric Furnace Process –
It is similar to the Thermal Process, but the heat requirement to
evaporate P4 comes from the burning of petroleum coke instead from
electricity.
Like the previous method, P4 reacts with oxygen to form P2O5
This P2O5 is scrubbed with water to form H3PO4
P2O5 recovery of furnace process is about 87%.
2Ca3(PO4)2 +6SiO2+10CP4+10CO+6CaSiO3
P4+10CO+10O2 P2O5+10CO2
P2O5 + xH2O H3PO4+(x-3)H2O
• The demand for phosphoric acid in India stood at 4,948 KTPA in 2018and is projected to grow
at a CAGR of 5.96% during 2019-2030 to reach 8,773 KTPA by 2030.
• Major consumers of Phosphoric Acid in India: - 1. Gujarat State Fertilizers and Chemical
Limited 2. IFFCO -Indian Farmers Fertilizer Cooperative 3. Paradip phosphates limited
• Major producer of phosphoric in India :- Aditya Birla Chemicals. a. Aditya Birla Grasun
Chemicals Limited (ABGCL), China b. Aditya Birla Chemicals India Limited (ABCIL),
Karnataka, India. S
2. NITRIC ACID –
Industrially nitric acid can be prepared by the following methods
namely,
CHILE SALTPETRE METHOD BY NANO3 (oldest)
BRIKLAND EYDE’S METHOD BY USING AIR
OSTWALD’S METHOD BY AMMONIA SOLVEY PROCESS (most widely
used)