Dhrmo - Neropecotabad - by - Prof. - Dr. - Muhammad - Asadullah - Al-Ghalib PDF

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Dharma Niropekkhotabad (Secularism) by Dr. Muhammad

Asadullah Al-Ghalib, Professor, Department of Arabic, University
of Rajshahi. Published by : HADEETH FOUNDATION
BANGLADESH. Nawdapara, Rajshahi, Bangladesh. Ph & Fax : 88-
0721-861365. 01770-800900. E-mail : tahreek@ymail.com.
Web : www.ahlehadeethbd.org.
Contents
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weavb †g‡b Rxeb hvcb K‡i Ges Av‡Liv‡Z m‡e©vËg cvwi‡ZvwlK
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Contents
K‡i‡Qb| GZ`m‡Ë¡I a‡g©i weavb jsNb K‡i cyÎ K¡vexj Zvi †QvU fvB
nvexj‡K nZ¨v K‡i fvj-i cÖwZ wnsmv ekZt| Gfv‡eB ag©nxbZv I
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cÖeYZv nÕ‡Z DrmvwiZ| †hLv‡b a‡g©i †Kvb wbqš¿Y I evaëvaKZv
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msN‡l©i ci wLªóev‡ì cÖwZ we‡Øl †_‡K AvaywbK c„w_ex‡Z ag©wbi‡c¶
gZev‡ì †MvovcËb N‡U| †hLv‡b a‡g©i PvB‡Z e¯‘‡K gyL¨ wnmv‡e
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e¯‘Zt Ôag©wbi‡c¶Zvev`Õ nÕj gvby‡li gw¯—®‹ cÖm~Z| c¶vš—‡i Bmjvg
nÕj Avj−vn †cÖwiZ ÔAwnÕ| hv gvbeRvwZi Kj¨v‡Yi Rb¨ †cÖwiZ
me©‡kl Gjvnx Øxb ev mij c‡_i bvg| hv mZ¨, kvk¦Z I
AcwieZ©bxq| Rxeb Zi‡½ hv gvbyl‡K me©`v mwVK I wbwðZ wVKvbvi
mÜvb †`q| d‡j wek¦vmx gvby‡li Rb¨ Gc‡_ †Kvb AwbðqZvi
AÜKvi †bB| G c‡_ Pj‡j †m mdjKvg| bv Pj‡j †m e¨_©Kvg|
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†MvjK auvauvq c‡o †m RxebcvZ Ki‡e| wKš‘ cÖK…Z m‡Zï mÜvb †m
cv‡e bv Avj−vn&i AbyMÖn e¨ZxZ| A_P Bmjv‡gi c_ ¯^”Q I
Av‡jvKgq| †h †KD Gc_ †_‡K wePz¨Z n‡e, †m aŸsm n‡e|
gvbeRvwZi weMZ I eZ©gvb BwZnvm Zvi RvR¡j¨gvb bhxi|
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Gi †auvKvq bv c‡o Ges cwic~Y©fv‡e Bmjv‡gi Abymvix n‡q Zvi mvwe©K
Rxeb AwZevwnZ K‡i| Avj−vn †n`vqv‡Zi gvwjK| Avgiv †Kej ZuviB
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Contents
m~PxcÎ (123)
welq c„ôv
1. 2q ms¯‹i‡Yi f~wgKv 03
2. ag©wbi‡c¶Zvev` 06
3. DrcwË 09
4. DrcwËi cÖZ¨¶ KviY 12
5. ag©wbi‡c¶Zvi c‡¶ hyw³mg~n I Zvi Reve 14
6. Agymwjg‡ì cÖwZ Bmjv‡gi bxwZ 20
7. Bmjv‡gi `„wó‡Z ag©wbi‡c¶Zvev` 22
8. ag©wbi‡c¶Zvev‡ì †¶Îmg~n 23
9. Kzdix weavb 27
10. ag©wbi‡c¶Zvev` I MYZš¿ 30
11. msN‡l©i cÖavb w`Kmg~n 30
12. ag©wbi‡c¶ AvK¡x`vi cwiYwZ 32
13. ag©wbi‡c¶ `k©b I Bmjvgx `k©‡bi ev¯—e djvdj 33
14. ZvInx` wek¦v‡mi djvdj 36
15. gymjgvb‡ì AatcZ‡bi KviY 37
16. Avnjyj nv`xQ I Avnjyj ivq-Gi ivR‰bwZK `k©b 38
17. ag©wbi‡c¶Zvev‡ì Kzdj 41
18. evsjv‡`‡k ag©wbi‡c¶Zvev` 43
19. H‡Kï mgm¨v mg~n I Zv mgvav‡bi cÖ¯v— e 46
20. gywg‡bi KiYxq 47
21. GKwU ûuwkqvix 50
22. Dcmsnvi 51
23. AvnŸvb 53
24. ag©wbi‡c¶Zvev` I Bmjvg-GK bh‡i 54
Contents
A& E 7 A-

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6 45
ag©wbi‡c¶Zvev`
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Ôag©wbi‡c¶Zvev`Õ H gZv`k©‡K ejv nq, hv †Kvb a‡g©i A‡c¶v iv‡L
bv| A_©vr †h gZv`‡k©i mv‡_ a‡g©i †Kvb m¤úK© †bB|
Ôag©wbi‡c¶Zvev`Õ-†K Bs‡iRx‡Z Ô†mKz¨jvwiRgÕ (Secularism) I
†d«Â fvlvq Ô†mKz¨jvivBUÕ (Secularite) ejv nq| wKš‘ Aviex‡Z
ÔBjgv-wbqvnÕ ("8G,F) ejv nq wbqg wei“×fv‡e| †Kbbv GB kãwUi
mv‡_ ÔBj&gÕ (A,)-Gi †Kvb m¤úK© †bB| Aviex ÔBj&gÕ kãwU Bs‡iRx
I †d«Â fvlvq Science ev ÔweÁvbÕ A‡_© eëüZ nq| Gic‡i Zvi
mv‡_ ? †hvM Kiv n‡q‡Q g~j A_©‡K †hvi`vi Kivi Rb¨| †hgb
iƒnvbxqvn, ieŸvbxqvn, wRmgvbxqvn, b~ivbxqvn BZ¨vw`| GbmvB‡K¬v‡cwWqv
weªUvwbKv‡Z Secularism-Gi msÁvq ejv n‡q‡Q, Any movement
in society directed away from otherworldliness to life on
earth... ÔGwU Ggb GKwU mvgvwRK Av‡›`vj‡bi bvg, hv gvbyl‡K
Av‡Liv‡Zi w`K †_‡K gyL wdwi‡q †KejgvÎ cvw_©e wel‡qi w`‡K `„wó
wbeÜ KivqÕ...|1 A·‡dvW© wWKkbvix‡Z ejv n‡q‡Q, The belief that
religion should not be involved in the organization of
society, education etc. Ôag©wbi‡c¶Zvev`Õ Ggb GKwU wek¦vm †h,
1. The New Encyclopaedia Britanica. 15th Edn. 2002. Vol-X. P. 594.

†mLv‡b Av‡iv ejv n‡q‡Q, The movement towad secularism has been
in progress during the entire course of modern history and has
often been viewed as being anti-Christian and anti religious.
Contents
ag©‡K †Kvbiƒc mvgvwRK I wk¶vMZ cÖf„wZ wel‡q hy³ nIqv DwPZ
bqÕ|2
ag©wbi‡c¶Zvev‡ì iƒn nÕj Ô`ywbqvÕ| GLv‡b agx©q †Kvb wKQzi
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Zzi‡®‹ 1924 wLªóv‡ã ÔBmjvgx †LjvdZÕ DrLvZ K‡i †mLv‡b
ag©wbi‡c¶ ÔcÖRvZš¿Õ cÖwZôvi gva¨‡g| AvaywbK Kv‡j ivóªxq Kg©KvÊ
†_‡K ag©‡K c„_K KivB nÕj (FHI(N! F M) F IL! JKI5H$)
ag©wbi‡c¶Zvev‡ì g~j cÖwZcv`¨ welq| Aek¨ hw` Gi Øviv Rxeb
†_‡K ag©‡K c„_K Kiv eySv‡bv nq, Z‡e †mUvB h_v_© n‡e|
ZvB ejv P‡j †h, ag©nxbZvi Dc‡i Rxeb‡K cÖwZôv KivB nÕj
ag©wbi‡c¶Zvev‡ì g~j K_v (F IL! FIHP H,M) F4MM:G JMHOF> M F
)| D`vi
MYZvwš¿K mgv‡R ag©‡K e¨w³MZ Rxe‡b mn¨ Kiv nq| †mRb¨ †mLv‡b
ag©wbi‡c¶ gZev`wU ag©nxb ev Non-Religious| c¶vš—‡i bvw¯—K I
Kgy¨wbó †`kmg~‡n GB gZev`wU ag©we‡ivax ev Anti-Religious|
ag©xq I êlwqK Rxe‡bi Dfq †¶‡Î GB gZev`wU Bmjv‡gi mv‡_
mvsNwl©K| †Kbbv gymwjg Rxe‡bi wfwËB nÕj Bmjvg a‡g©i Dci|
ÔBmjvgÕ cwic~Y© GKwU ÔØxbÕ (gv‡q`vn 5/3)| d‡j gywgb Rxe‡bi †Kvb
GKwU w`K I wefvM Bmjv‡gi AvIZv ewnf~©Z bq| †mKviY `vk©wbK
Kwe Avj−vgv BKevj (1877-1938 L„.) e‡jb,
‫ د‬

‫ ره ى‬+

‫ ا‬
ÔhLb ivRbxwZ nÕ‡Z Øxb c„_K n‡e, ZLb †mLv‡b _vK‡e †Kej
†P½xhx ee©iZvÕ|
e¯‘Zt KziAvb bvwh‡ji ci weMZ mKj Gjvnx Øx‡bi ûKzg iwnZ n‡q
†M‡Q| wek¦gvbeZvi Rb¨ m„wóKZ©v Avj−vn †cÖwiZ me©‡kl Øxb nÕj
2. A.S. Hornby, Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary (Oxford

University Press, 2002), P. 1155.
Contents
ÔBmjvgÕ| G Øxb Avj−vn †cÖwiZ me©‡kl ÔAwnÕ-i Dc‡i wfwËkxj|

†hLv‡b †Kvbiƒc evwZ‡ji cÖ‡ekvwaKvi †bB (nv-gxg mvR`vn 41/42)|
†klbex gynv¤§v` (Qvt) †h Øxb †i‡L wM‡q‡Qb, Zv ¯^”Q I cwi”Qbœ
(TNFUM" QRMSIM)| hw` eby BmªvC‡ji bex g~mv (Avt) AvR RxweZ _vK‡Zb,
ZvnÕ‡j GB Øx‡bi AbymiY e¨ZxZ Zuvi †Kvb Dcvq _vKZ bvÕ|3 G
hy‡M hw` †KD Øx‡b gynv¤§v`x cwiZ¨vM K‡i, Z‡e †m Aek¨B c_åó
n‡eÕ|4 Avey ûivqiv (ivt) nÕ‡Z ewY©Z ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) e‡jb,
H2M( aVFYBM FN` F6FWM
I F ^!M&H_ F Y]M8I-M H2 F6F!MF \!N8M:Y YZG[M" VFWXM(
gFN FfM:I;H_ I F H?He X2F> F9F YdG,FIJ_ VFWXF I FI.Y IAHM( YcY8M NAJb a F"MI5M"
Ôhuvi nv‡Z Avgvi Rxeb Zuvi Kmg K‡i ejwQ, Bn~`x †nŠK ev bvQviv
†nŠK, †h e¨w³ Avgvi AvMgbevZ©v ï‡b‡Q, A_P Avwg hv wb‡q †cÖwiZ
n‡qwQ (A_©vr Bmjvg), Zvi Dc‡i Cgvb Av‡bwb, †m e¨w³ Aek¨B
Rvnvbœvgx n‡eÕ|5 A_P ag©wbi‡c¶Zvev` nÕj, gvby‡li gw¯—®‹cÖm~Z GKwU
e¯‘ev`x `k©‡bi bvg, †hLv‡b Awn-i weav‡bi †Kvb cÖ‡ekvwaKvi †bB|
hvi GKgvÎ j¶¨ nÕj †hb‡Zb cÖKv‡iY Ô`ywbqvÕ nvwQj Kiv|
eZ©gvb hy‡M MYZ‡š¿i Avov‡j ag©wbi‡c¶Zv‡K jvjb Kiv n‡”Q Ges
êlwqK Rxeb †_‡K Bmjvg‡K weZvwoZ Kiv n‡”Q| ejv n‡”Q, Ôag©
hvi hvi, ivóª meviÕ| Ôag© I ivRbxwZ Avjv`vÕ| Ôa‡g© †Kvb ivRbxwZ
†bB| ivRbxwZ‡Z †Kvb ag© †bBÕ| GBme e³e¨ Ab¨vb¨ a‡g©i †ejvq
LvU‡jI Bmjv‡gi mv‡_ Lv‡Ubv| †Kbbv Ab¨vb¨ ag© gvby‡li ˆZix|
c¶vš—‡i Bmjvg nÕj Avj−vn †cÖwiZ c~Y©v½ Øxb| hvi g‡a¨ ivRbxwZ,
A_©bxwZ mn gvbe Kj¨v‡Y hv wKQz cÖ‡qvRb, meB i‡q‡Q| †hLv‡b
Ab¨vb¨ a‡g©i Abymvix‡ì ¯^ ¯^ ag© cvj‡bi c~Y© ¯^vaxbZv i‡q‡Q| g~jZt
3. Avngv` nv/15195; evqnvK¡x ïÔAve nv/176; Avjevbx, wgkKvZ nv/177, mb`

nvmvb|
4. `v‡igx nv/435, mb` nvmvb; wgkKvZ nv/194|
5. gymwjg nv/153 ÔCgvbÕ Aa¨vq, 70 Aby‡”Q`; wgkKvZ nv/10|
Contents
Gme e³‡eï D‡Ïk¨ nÕj Av`g mš—vb‡K Bmjv‡gi Kj¨vY mg~n †_‡K
ewÂZ Kiv Ges gvbyl‡K Avj−vn&i †Mvjvgx †_‡K wdwi‡q wb‡R‡ì
†Mvjvgx‡Z Ave× Kiv|
DrcwË (
=>
) :
Ôag©wbi‡c¶Õ gZev`wU g~jZt gvby‡li Rb¥MZ KzcÖeYZv‡K D‡¯‹ w`‡q

cÖwZôv jvf K‡i‡Q| wLªóxq Î‡qv`k kZ‡K BD‡iv‡c ag© I weÁv‡bi
gy‡LvgywL msN‡l©i ci †_‡K AvaywbK c„w_ex‡Z ag©wbi‡c¶ gZev‡ì
†MvovcËb N‡U| †hLv‡b a‡g©i PvB‡Z e¯‘‡K gyL¨ wnmv‡e Zz‡j aiv
nq| AZtci e¯‘ev` wewfbœ †e‡k I wewfbœ bv‡g †jvK‡ì g‡a¨ Xy‡K
co‡Z ïi“ K‡i| c‡i Ebwesk kZ‡K G‡m Ôag©wbi‡c¶Zvev`Õ GKwU
Av‡›`vj‡b iƒc jvf K‡i|
AvVv‡iv kZ‡Ki w`‡K Bsj¨v‡Êi ne&m (1588-1679 L„.), jK
(1632-1704 L„.) Ges d«v‡Ýi g‡›U¯‹z (1689-1755 L„.), f‡ëqvi
(1694-1778 L„.), i“‡kv (1712-1778 L„.) cÖgyL wPš—vwe`MY a‡g©i
wei“×ev`x †PZbvq evwi wmÂb K‡ib|6 Zvi wKQz c‡i WviDBbev`
6. (K) _gvm ne&m (Thomas Hobbes) Bsj¨v‡Êi cÖL¨vZ ivR‰bwZK `vk©wbK

wQ‡jb| 1651 mv‡j cÖKvwkZ Leviathan eB‡qi g‡a¨ wZwb Zuvi Social
contract theory ev ÔmvgvwRK Pzw³ gZev`Õ cÖKvk K‡ib| hv cieZ©x‡Z
cvðvZ¨ ivR‰bwZK `k©‡bi wfwË wnmv‡e MY¨ nq| (L) Rb jK (John
Locke) Bsj¨v‡Êi Ab¨Zg ivR‰bwZK `vk©wbK I wPwKrmvwe` wQ‡jb| Father
of Liberalism ev D`viZvev‡ì RbK wnmv‡e cwiwPZ GB `vk©wb‡Ki wPš—
vaviv e„wUk ivRbxwZ‡Z Mfxi cÖfve we¯—vi K‡i| (M) g‡›U¯‹z (Montesquieu)
GKRb †d«Â AvBbRxex, mvwnwZ¨K I ivR‰bwZK `vk©wbK wQ‡jb| ¶gZv
we‡K›`ªxKiY gZev‡ì Rb¨ wZwb cÖwm× wQ‡jb| hv cieZ©x‡Z wewfbœ †`‡ki
msweav‡b Abym„Z nq| (N) f‡ëqvi (Voltaire)| d«v‡Ýi GB HwZnvwmK I
`vk©wbK e¨w³Z¡ K¨v_wjK Pv‡P©i GK”QÎ ¶gZv Le© Kiv Ges ivóª I Pv‡P©i
wefw³ KiY gZev‡ì cÖe³v wQ‡jb| (O) i“‡kv (Jean-Jacques Rousseau)
GKRb †d«Â `vk©wbK I †jLK wQ‡jb| Gwgwj (Emile) bvU‡Ki Rb¨ wZwb
cÖwm× wQ‡jb| Zuvi ivR‰bwZK I wk¶v `k©b divmx wkí wec−e I AvaywbK
wk¶v eë¯’vi Dc‡i `vi“Yfv‡e cÖfve we¯—vi K‡i|
Contents
Avj−vn&i Aw¯—Z¡‡KB A¯^xKvi K‡i| 1859 mv‡j cÖKvwkZ The Origin

of Species ev ÔcÖRvwZi DrmÕ eBwU‡Z Pvj©m WviDBb (1809-1882
L„.) hyw³ w`‡q cÖgvY Ki‡Z Pvb †h, G wek¦-cÖK…wZ I gvLj~K¡vZ meB
weeZ©‡bi gva¨‡g Avcbv †_‡K m„wó n‡q‡Q|7 Gi †Kvb weP¶Y m„wóKZ©v
ev cvjbKZ©v †bB| ciKvj e‡j wKQz †bB| cÖvYxi Rb¥, †hŠeb I jq
mewKQzB Zvi ¯^vfvweK weeZ©‡bi dj| hwÌ WviDB‡bi GB
weeZ©bev` ev Theory of Evolution Zvi RxeÏkv‡ZB weÁvbxMY
†KDB cy‡ivcywi MÖnY K‡ibwb| GgbwK GB gZev‡ì eo cÖe³v
nv·‡j (1825-1895 L„.) ch©š— Gi Dc‡i wek¦vm ¯’vcb K‡ibwb|8
wKš‘ †mªd Avj−vn‡`ªvnx cÖeYZvi mc‡¶ nIqvi Kvi‡Y G gZev`‡K
MÖnY Kiv nÕj| hv e¯‘ev`‡K Av‡iv cÖ‡ivwPZ K‡i| eis ejv P‡j †h,
GB `ywbqvme©¯^ `k©b †_‡KB cvðv‡Zï K…wó I mf¨Zv Rb¥ jvf K‡i|
bvgKv Iqv‡¯— a‡g© wLªóvb nÕ‡jI Zv‡ì ev¯—e wµqv-Kg© wb‡iU
Materialism ev e¯‘ev`x `k©‡bi Dc‡i wfwË K‡iB Pj‡Q| GKRb
m„wóKZ©vq wek¦vmx nÕ‡jI wek¦eë¯’vcbvq I cwiPvjbvq Zuvi †Kvb
KZ©„Z¡ Av‡Q e‡j Zviv ¯^xKvi K‡i bv|
e¯‘ev`x `vk©wbK‡ì g‡Z †hme e¯‘ ch©‡e¶Y I AwfÁZvi AvqËvaxb,
†Kej ZvB-B mZ¨| wnDg (1711-1776 L„.) Zuvi AwfÁZvev`
(Empiricism) I mskqev` (Scepticism)-Gi mvnv‡h¨ GB wPš—v
c×wZ‡K †Rviv‡jvfv‡e mg_©b K‡ib|9 GgbwK hyw³wm× welqwUi
mZ¨Zvi R‡bÏ wZwb AwfÁZv‡K P~ovš— gvb`Ê e‡j †NvlYv K‡ib| hv
7. Pvj©m WviDBb (Charles Darwin) Bsj¨v‡Êi L¨vZbvgv cÖK…wZev`x `vk©wbK I

f~ZË¡we` wQ‡jb| Theory of Evolution ev weeZ©bev‡ì cÖe³v wnmv‡e
cÖwm× wQ‡jb|
8. nv·‡j wQ‡jb| (Thomas Henry Huxley) Bsj¨v‡Êi cÖL¨vZ GB RxeweÁvbx
WviDB‡bi gZev‡ì AÜ cÖPviK nIqvi Kvi‡Y Darwin's Bulldog wnmv‡e
cÖwm× wQ‡jb|
9. wnDg (David Hume) ¯‹Uj¨v‡Êi GB L¨vwZgvb `vk©wbK, HwZnvwmK,
A_©bxwZwe` I cÖeÜKvi ¯^xq Empiricism ev AwfÁZvev`x `k©‡bi Rb¨ cÖwm×
wQ‡jb|
Contents
bvw¯—Këv`‡K P~ovš— ch©v‡q wb‡q hvq| `vk©wbK Kv›U (1724-1804
L„.) GKUv ga¨g cš’v †ck K‡i e‡jb, Avj−vn&i Aw¯—Z¡, AvZ¥vi ¯’vwqZ¡
BZ¨vw` A`„k¨ welq¸wj Avgv‡ì †evaMg¨ bq|10 Z‡e Avgv‡ì ev¯—e
wePvi‡eva ev Practical wisdom G¸‡jvi cÖwZ wek¦v‡mi `vex Rvbvq|
AZGe ïay ˆbwZKZvi †ndvh‡Zi Rb¨ Avj−vn‡K gvb¨ Kiv, Zuv‡K fq
Kiv I Zuvi mš‘wó Kvgbv Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| GB gZev‡` Avj−vn‡K
GKRb ¶gZvnxb ÔwbqgZvwš¿K mgªvUÕ ev Constitutional
Monarch-Gi gh©v`v †Ìqv n‡q‡Q gvÎ| eZ©gv‡b cvðvZ¨ mf¨Zvi
wekvj †mŠa ùvwo‡q Av‡Q g~jZt wnD‡gi AwfÁZvev`, Kv‡›Ui
¶gZvnxb mªóvZË¡ Ges WviDB‡bi bvw¯—Këv‡ì †Pvivevwji Dc‡i|
†hLv‡b gvbeZv f~jywÉZ I cïZ¡ mgybœZ| hv KL‡bvB gvby‡li Kvg¨ bq
Ges hvi aŸsm Awbevh©|
Aóv`k kZvãx‡Z divmx wkí wec−e e¯‘ev`‡K AwaKZi kw³kvjx
K‡i| Ebwesk kZ‡K G‡m e¯‘ev` GKwU Av‡›`vj‡b iƒc †bq, hv `yÕwU
¯^Zš¿ avivq AMÖmi nq| 1g avivwU wQj e¨w³ I mgvR Rxe‡bi mKj
†¶Î nÕ‡Z ag©‡K weZvwoZ Kiv| GB avivi †bZ…Z¡ wQj wØgyLx : (K)
ag©ZvwË¡K I gb¯—vwË¡K †¶‡Î GB `‡ji †bZ…‡Z¡ wQ‡jb Rb IqvUmb
(1847-1939), d‡qievL (1804-1872) cÖgyL Ges (L) ivRbxwZ,
A_©bxwZ I mgvR weÁv‡bi †¶‡Î †bZ…‡Z¡ wQ‡jb Kvj©gvK©m (1818-
1883), G‡½j&m (1820-1895) I Zv‡ì AbymvixMY|11
10. Kv›U (Immanuel Kant) Rvg©vbxi GB `vk©wbK Central figure of modern

philosophy ev AvaywbK `k©‡bi †K›`ªxq e¨w³Z¡ wnmv‡e we‡ewPZ nÕ‡Zb|
11. (K) Rb IqvUmb (John Watson) ¯‹Uj¨v‡Êi M−vm‡Mv‡Z Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib|
ag©ZË¡ I ivR‰bwZK `vk©wbK wnmv‡e wZwb cÖwm× wQ‡jb| wZwb KvbvWvi KzBÝ
BDwbfvwm©wUi hyw³we`¨v, bxwZwe`¨v I Awawe`¨v wefv‡Mi †Pqvig¨vb wQ‡jb|
wZwb †mLv‡bB 91 eQi eq‡m g„ZzëiY K‡ib| (L) d‡qievL (Ludwig
Feuerbach) GKRb Rvg©vb `vk©wbK I b„ZË¡we` wQ‡jb| wZwb Zuvi The
Essence of Christianity (wLªóev‡ì mviK_v) bvgK eB‡qi Rb¨ cÖwm×
wQ‡jb| hvi g‡a¨ wZwb wLªó a‡g©i cÖPÊ mgv‡jvPbv K‡ib| hv bvw¯—Këv` I
e¯‘ev‡ì c‡¶ Kvj© gvK©m, G‡½j&m cÖgyL cieZ©x wPš—vwe`‡ì Dci `vi“Y
Contents
2q avivwU wQj GB †h, a‡g©i wei“‡× †Kvbiƒc Frontal attack ev

m¤§yL nvgjv bv Pvwj‡q †Kej ¶gZvi Avmb †_‡K weZvwoZ Ki‡jB
h‡_ó n‡e| †Kbbv Rxe‡bi ev¯—e I ¸i“Z¡c~Y© †¶Î mg~n †_‡K RbMY
hLb agx©q cÖfvegy³ n‡e, ZLb M„‡ni ¶z`ª cwimi n‡Z ag© Av‡¯— Av‡¯—
we`vq †b‡e| wKš‘ hw` Zv‡K m¤§yL nvgjv Kiv nq, Zvn‡j a‡g©i cÖwZ
gvby‡li ¯^vfvweK cÖeYZv Zxeª n‡q DV‡Z cv‡i| Avi Zv n‡e GK
gvivZ¥K fyj c`‡¶c| bvw¯—Këv` I e¯‘ev‡ì GB myPZzi I a~Z©
c×wZwUi bvg nÕj Ô†mKz¨jvwiRgÕ ev ag©wbi‡c¶Zvev`|
DrcwËi cÖZ¨¶ KviY (
=>
? *- *&) :
Ôag©wbi‡c¶Zvev`Õ DrcwËi cÖZ¨¶ KviY wnmv‡e MY¨ n‡q‡Q agx©q,

ivR‰bwZK I A_©‰bwZK †¶‡Î cvðv‡Zï wLªóvb ag©hvRK‡ì a‡g©i
bv‡g mxgvnxb evovevwo| Zviv Zv‡ì mg¯— AcZrciZv I jv¤úU¨‡K
a‡g©i †jev‡mB wm× K‡i wb‡qwQj| d‡j RbMY Zv‡ì ag©hvRK‡ì
Dc‡i w¶ß nevi mv‡_ mv‡_ wLªóvb ag©mn mKj a‡g©i Dc‡i LoMn¯—
n‡q I‡V| Ae‡k‡l ag©‡K ivR‰bwZK, A_©‰bwZK Z_v êlwqK
Rxe‡bi mKj A½b †_‡K ev` w`‡q e¨w³ Rxe‡bi ¶z`ª MÊx‡Z Ave×
cÖfve we¯—vi K‡i| (M) Kvj© gvK©m (Karl Marx) GKRb Rvg©vb `vk©wbK,
mgvRwe` I ivR‰bwZK A_©bxwZwe` wQ‡jb| cieZ©x‡Z wZwb jÊ‡b G‡m Mfxi
M‡elYvq iZ nb| AZtci mv_x G‡½j&m-Gi mnvqZvq 1848 mv‡j The
Communist Manifesto (KwgDwb÷ Bk‡Znvi) †ei K‡ib| hv Ávbx‡ì
g‡a¨ mvov RvMvq| Zuvi ivR‰bwZK I A_©‰bwZK cÖeÜ mg~n GK‡Î Marxism
ev gvK©mev` bv‡g cwiwPZ| †hLv‡b wZwb abx I Mix‡ei ga¨Kvi Class
struggle ev †kªYx msMÖv‡gi g‡a¨B A_©‰bwZK mv‡gï aviYv cÖ`vb K‡ib| hv
cieZ©x‡Z eû i‡³i wewbg‡q ivwkqv I Px‡b ivR‰bwZKfv‡e cÖwZôv jvf K‡i|
(N) G‡½j&m (Friedrich Engels) wQ‡jb cÖL¨vZ Rvg©vb `vk©wbK, mgvRwe`,
mvsevw`K I eëmvqx| wZwb Kvj© gvK©‡mi mv‡_ wgwjZfv‡e 1845 mv‡j
Marxist theory iPbv K‡ib| AZtci 1848 mv‡j Df‡q wg‡j The
Communist Manifesto cÖKvk K‡ib| wZwb gvK©‡mi A_©‰bwZK M‡elYv I
Das Kapital eB iPbv Kv‡j Zuv‡K Avw_©Kfv‡e mn‡hvwMZv K‡ib Ges Zuvi
g„Zzï c‡i Zuvi Ab¨b¨ iPbv mg~n cÖKvk K‡ib|
Contents
ivLvi gva¨‡g GKwU Av‡cvl idv Kiv nq| Avi GUvB nj AvaywbK
hy‡Mi Kw_Z Ôag©wbi‡c¶Zvev`Õ| wLªóvb RM‡Zi agx©q †bZv Rb †cvc
cj wecyj kª×v I fw³i cvÎ n‡jI ev¯—e Rxe‡b Zvi wbKU †_‡K
gvby‡li wKQzB PvIqv-cvIqvi †bB| ZvB Pig a~Z©vgx I cÖKvk¨ jv¤úU¨
m‡Ë¡I wLªóvb ivóª¸wj `yóy †bZv‡ì‡KB RvwZi KY©avi wnmv‡e †e‡Q
wb‡Z eva¨ n‡”Q| ag©nxb MYZ‡š¿ GUvB ¯^vfvweK| GB wm‡÷‡g
Aavwg©K †jvK‡ìB RqRqKvi| fvM¨µ‡g †Kvb mr I avwg©K †jvK
†mLv‡b Xy‡K co‡jI Zv‡K nq mewKQz †`‡LI bv †`Lvi fvb Ki‡Z
nq| bZzev Awb”Qv m‡Ë¡I Av‡cvl K‡i Pj‡Z nq| †Kbbv ev¯—e Rxe‡b
AvBbMZfv‡e agx©q wewa-weavb Abyhvqx ivóª cwiPvjbvi †Kvb my‡hvM
ag©wbi‡c¶ gZev‡` †bB| d‡j GB gZev` cy‡ivcywi GKwU Kzdix
gZev` Ges Bmjv‡gi mv‡_ mivmwi mvsNwl©K|
1832 mv‡j Av‡›`vjbwU †hvi`vi iƒc aviY K‡i| R¨vKe nwjIK
(1817-1906), Pvj©m mvD_I‡qj (1814-1860), _gvm Kzcvi
(1805-1892), _gvm wcqvimb (1782-1847) cÖgyL wQ‡jb
ZLbKvi mg‡q GB Av‡›`vj‡bi cy‡ivav|12
12. (K) R¨vKe nwjIK (George Jacob Holyoake) wQ‡jb L¨vZbvgv e„wUk
†mKz¨jvwi÷| wZwb †mKz¨jvwi÷ cwÎKv The Reasoner (1846-1861) Ges
mgevq cwÎKv The Co-operative-Gi m¤úv`K wQ‡jb (1864-1867)|
wZwbB cÖ_g 1851 mv‡j Secularism (ag©wbi‡c¶Zvev`) Ges 1878 mv‡j
Jingoism (DMÖ †`k‡cÖg) bvg `yÕwU D™¢veb K‡ib| (L) Pvj©m mvD_I‡qj
(Charles Southwell) jÊ‡bi GKRb Avg~j ms¯‹viev`x mvsevw`K I gy³ wPš—
vwe` wQ‡jb| (M) _gvm Kzcvi (Thomas Cooper) Bsj¨v‡Êi †jB÷vi-Gi
Awaevmx GKRb Avg~j ms¯‹viev`x wPš—vwe` I Kwe wQ‡jb| wZwb 19 kZ‡Ki
†Mvovi w`‡K mgvR I wkí ms¯‹v‡ii `vex‡Z msMwVZ kªwgK Av‡›`vjb Z_v
Chartist Av‡›`vjb-Gi †bZv wQ‡jb Ges 1842 mv‡j `yÕeQi Kviv wbh©vZb
†fvM K‡ib| †mLv‡b e‡m wZwb Purgatory of Suicides (AvZ¥nZ¨v mg~‡ni
ïw×¯’j) bv‡g GKwU ivR‰bwZK gnvKve¨ iPbv K‡ib| (N) _gvm wcqvimb
(Thomas Pearson) e„wUk †mbvevwnbxi †jd‡Ub¨v›U †Rbv‡ij wQ‡jb| wZwb
divmx wec−‡ei hy× mg~‡n Ges 1812 mv‡j gvwK©b hy³iv‡óªi wei“‡× hy‡×
AskMÖnY K‡ib|
Contents
g~jZt ag©wbi‡c¶Zvev` Ges Kgy¨wbRg I mgvRZš¿ GKB ag©we‡ivax

e¯‘ev`x †PZbv n‡Z D™¢~Z| Df‡qiB †kl j¶¨ ag©‡K gvby‡li Rxeb
†_‡K wbe©vmb †Ìqv| evsjv‡`‡k Dfq gZev‡ì wcQ‡b civkw³
mg~‡ni wbqwgZ g`` i‡q‡Q| KL‡bv Zviv Av‡cv‡l jo‡Q e‡U| wKš‘
Bmjv‡gi wei“‡× c„w_exi Ab¨vb¨ ¯’v‡bi b¨vq evsjv‡`‡kI Zviv
GKgZ n‡q KvR Ki‡Q|
ag©wbi‡c¶Zvi c‡¶ hyw³mg~n I Zvi Reve
(
2% ? ABC '@)
ag©wbi‡c¶ gZev‡ì AbymvixMY Zv‡ì gZev‡ì mc‡¶ KziAvb-
nv`xQ‡K eënvi Ki‡ZI Kmyi K‡ibwb| wb‡gœ Zv‡ì `jxj mg~n I
Zvi Reve cÖ`Ë nÕj|-
(1) F7F Y FI.YM( FcJPX+F IJ[GM I M8H$ LhMG M F Y!Iij M NM*NC !HO F L! hF$ M6MGeF> H2
g(lmn 4U*) gÂIF,M) ^]IF8M `7M( MBH M3M5F[I" H2 M HUGbYG F4M(IYGF MkM-I8MI F!HUH$
Abyev` : Øx‡bi e¨vcv‡i †Kvbiƒc hei`w¯— †bB| wbtm‡›`‡n †n`vqvZ
†Mvgivnx †_‡K ¯úó n‡q †M‡Q| AZtci †h e¨w³ Z¡vM~Z‡K cÖZ¨vL¨vb
Ki‡e I Avj−vn‡Z wek¦vm ¯’vcb Ki‡e, †m `„pgywô‡Z aviY Ki‡e Ggb
GK my`„p nvZj, hv fv½evi bq| Avj−vn me©‡kªvZv I me©ÁÕ (evK¡vivn
2/256)|
ÔZ¡vM~ZÕ-Gi AvwfavwbK A_© kqZvb, Rv`yKi, g~wZ©-cÖwZK…wZ, åóZvi

Drm BZ¨vw`| hv ÔZzMBqvbÕ avZz n‡Z Drcbœ| hvi A_© ÔmxgvjsNbÕ|
cvwifvwlK A_© : FNj-M( FfMFG oMF M hHF> JKY N MAHeM:MN ?H_ YcIJPX+H
FKFpM*G M F ÔwKZve I mybœv‡Zi weavb cwiZ¨vM K‡i Ab¨ †hme evwZ‡ji
wbK‡U dvqQvjv Kvgbv Kiv nq, Zv‡K ÔZ¡vM~ZÕ ejv nqÕ|13
13. Beby KvQxi, m~iv wbmv 60 Avqv‡Zi Zvdmxi (gg©v_©)|
Contents
D³ AvqvZ m¤ú‡K© nv‡dh Beby KvQxi (int) gš—e¨ K‡ib †h, Avj−vn
e‡jb, †n Cgvb`viMY! †Zvgiv KvD‡K Bmjv‡g cÖ‡ek Kivi Rb¨ Pvc
m„wó K‡iv bv| †Kbbv Bmjv‡gi mZ¨Zvi cÖgvY mg~n ¯úó I cwi”Qbœ|
KvD‡K †mLv‡b †Rvi K‡i cÖ‡ek Kiv‡bvi ìKvi †bB| eis Avj−vn
hvi Aš—i‡K Bmjv‡gi Rb¨ cÖk¯— K‡i w`‡eb I `~i`„wó‡K cwi”Qbœ
Ki‡eb, †m `jxj-cÖgvY †`‡LB G‡Z cÖ‡ek Ki‡e| Avi †h e¨w³i
Aš—i‡K Avj−vn AÜ K‡i w`‡q‡Qb I †PvL-Kv‡b †gvni †g‡i w`‡q‡Qb,
H e¨w³‡K †Rvi K‡i Bmjv‡g cÖ‡ek Kwi‡q †Kvb jvf †bB|14
Reve : Dc‡iv³ Avqv‡Zi g‡a¨ ag©wbi‡c¶Zvev‡ì c‡¶ †Kvb `jxj
†bB, eis Gi wei“‡× `jxj i‡q‡Q| †Kbbv GLv‡b †n`vqvZ I
†Mvgivnx ci¯úi †_‡K ¯úó I c„_K n‡q †M‡Q ejv n‡q‡Q| d‡j
gywgb Rxe‡bi wKQz As‡k †n`vqvZ I wKQz As‡k †Mvgivnxi Abymi‡Yi
gva¨‡g Df‡qi g‡a¨ Av‡cvl Ki‡Z †Kvb gymjgvb‡K AbygwZ †Ìqv
nqwb| Z‡e Agymwjg‡K Zvi agx©q ¯^vaxbZv wbwðZ Kiv n‡q‡Q|
`yt‡Li welq, AvR‡Ki mg‡q Kw_Z eû Ávbx-¸Yx I ivR‰bwZK
e¨w³eM© AÁZve‡k AÎ AvqvZ‡K ag©wbi‡c¶Zvev‡ì c‡¶ eo `jxj
wnmv‡e †ck Ki‡Qb|
kv‡b byh~j :
Beby KvQxi (int) e‡jb, AvqvZwU g`xbvi AvbQvi‡ì Kvi‡Y bvwhj
nq| hwÌ Gi ûKzg me©hy‡M mK‡ji Rb¨ cÖ‡hvR¨| nhiZ Avãyj−vn
Be‡b AveŸvm (ivt) e‡jb, R‰bKv AvbQvi gwnjv hvi †Kvb mš—vb
euvP‡Zv bv, wZwb cÖwZÁv K‡ib †h, hw` Gevi Zvi †Kvb cyÎ mš—vb nq
I †eu‡P _v‡K, ZvnÕ‡j wZwb Zv‡K Bn~`x evbv‡eb| AZtci (4_©
wnRixi iexDj AvDqvj gv‡m) hLb g`xbv †_‡K eby bvhxi Bn~`x
†Mv‡Îi D‡”Q‡ì ûKzg nÕj, ZLb AvbQviMY e‡j DV‡jb †h, Avgiv
Avgv‡ì mš—vb‡ì Qvo‡Z cvwi bv, hviv `y»cv‡bi Rb¨ Bn~`x
14. Beby KvQxi, Zvdmxi m~iv evK¡vivn 256 AvqvZ|
Contents
15
`yagvZv‡ì Kv‡Q i‡q‡Q| ZLb AÎ AvqvZ bvwhj nq| hv‡Z ejv nq
†h, a‡g©i e¨vcv‡i †Kvb hei`w¯— †bB| nK I evwZj ¯úó n‡q †M‡Q|
AZGe AvbQvi mš—vbiv `y»cv‡bi Kvi‡Y Bn~`x `yagvZv‡ì Kv‡Q
_vK‡jI Avj−vn PvB‡j Zviv ÔnKÕ ey‡S mgqgZ Bmjv‡g wd‡i
Avm‡eÕ|
(2) H?IJsF$M:H Y9H N"F>M( MGeWr MGNqM" Y I:M" N"F> ÔAvgiv whKi bvwhj K‡iwQ
Ges AvgivB Gi †ndvhZ KieÕ (wnRi 15/9)| AZGe Avj−vn hLb
¯^xq whKi ev KziAvb‡K †ndvh‡Zi `vwqZ¡ wb‡R wb‡q‡Qb, ZLb
Avgv‡ì †mLv‡b Avi wKQz Kivi †bB| Øx‡bi †ndvhZ Avj−vn Ki‡eb|
`ywbqvi †ndvhZ Avgiv Kie|
Reve : gywg‡bi Øxb I `ywbqv `yÕwUiB †ndvhZKvix Avj−vn| Z‡e wZwb
¯^xq Awn-i †ndvhZ Kivi we‡kl `vwqZ¡ MÖnY K‡i‡Qb| Avi
†mKvi‡YB Ab¨vb¨ mKj ag©MÖš’ weK…Z I wejyß n‡q †M‡jI cweÎ
KziAvb AvRI A¶Z I AweK…Z Ae¯’vq i‡q‡Q Ges wK¡qvgZ ch©š—
_vK‡e| ¯^v_©vÜiv nv`x‡Qi g‡a¨ †fRvj XyKv‡Z †Póv Ki‡jI Avj−vn&i
we‡kl ing‡Z ÔAvnjyj nv`xQÕ weØvbM‡Yi mZK© cÖnivq Zv QvUvB-
evQvB n‡q Qnxn-ï×¸wj A¶Zfv‡e D¤§‡Zi mvg‡b G‡m †M‡Q| hviv
gymwjg, Zviv Awn-i weav‡bi wbKU AvZ¥mgc©Y K‡i‡Q| GLb cÖ‡qvRb
†Kej †mUv‡K h_vh_fv‡e wb‡R‡ì Øxbx I `ywbqvex Rxe‡b ev¯—evqb
Kiv|
(3) F IF MhFM( IAJYIF IAJH Ô†Zvgv‡ì Rb¨ †Zvgv‡ì Øxb Ges Avgvi
Rb¨ Avgvi ØxbÕ (Kvwdiƒb 109/6)| AZGe Ôhvi Øxb Zvi Kv‡Q, iv‡óªi
wK ejvi Av‡QÕ? †Kbbv ÔØxb Avj−vn&i Rb¨ Ges †`k mevi Rb¨Õ Y IL!)
(]IF8MtG,F Y HpMGM( F7|
15. Beby Rvixi nv/5812; KziZzex, Beby KvQxi, Zvdmxi m~iv evK¡vivn 256
AvqvZ; Avey`vE` nv/2682, nv`xQ Qnxn; bvmvC Kzeiv nv/11048|
Contents
Reve : D³ Avqv‡Z ag©wbi‡c¶Zvi c‡¶ †Kvb `jxj †bB| eis
gymjgvb‡ì Rb¨ Ab¨ a‡g©i mv‡_ †Kvbiƒc Av‡cvl bv Kivi K_v ejv
n‡q‡Q| wØZxqZt Zv‡ì‡K GUvI Rvwb‡q †Ìqv n‡q‡Q †h,
gymjgvb‡ì cvkvcvwk emevm Ki‡jI Agymjgv‡biv ¯^vaxbfv‡e
Zv‡ì ag© cvjb Ki‡e| cÖZ¨¶ ev c‡iv¶ †Kvbfv‡eB Zv‡ì †Kvbiƒc
evav cÖ`vb Kiv n‡e bv| Aek¨ Bmjvgx ivóª cÖwZwôZ nÕ‡j †mLv‡b
Zviv Bmjv‡gi †dŠR`vix AvBb I nvjvj-nviv‡gi weavb¸wj †g‡b
Pj‡eb| hvi g‡a¨ ag©-eY© wbwe©‡k‡l mKj bvMwi‡Ki Rb¨ Kj¨vY
wbwnZ i‡q‡Q| †hgb A_©‰bwZK †¶‡Î m~`-Nyl, Ryqv-jUvix,
gIRy``vix, gybvdv‡Lvix BZ¨vw`| Abyiƒcfv‡e mvgvwRK b¨vq wePv‡ii
†¶‡Î †Pv‡ii nvZ KvUv, Ly‡bi e`jv Lyb, e¨wfPv‡ii K‡Vvi `Ê
BZ¨vw`| wbtm‡›`‡n ivóª †hgb mevi Rb¨, Avj−vn&i ØxbI †Zgwb mevi
Rb¨| †hgb Avj−vn&i †Ìqv Av‡jv-evZvm mevi Rb¨ mgvb|
g~jZt GB m~ivwU ZvInx` I wki‡Ki g‡a¨ cv_©K¨Kvix m~iv wnmv‡e
cwiwPZ| AZGe ag©wbi‡c¶Zvi gZ GKwU Kzdix gZev‡ì c‡¶ GB
AvqvZ‡K `jxj wnmv‡e †ck Kiv nvm¨Ki ê-wK!
(4) ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) Gikv` K‡ib,
I F \RI MF IAJYCIMH_ HF>M( F9F I(JWYuH$ IAJFIF I F \RI MF IAJYCIMH_ HF> ^MM M"H_ M8N"F>
gÂF,I-Y Y6M(M ^MM M"H_ M8N"F@H$ I FvG_M
ÔwbðqB Avwg GKRb gvbyl| hLb Avwg †Zvgv‡ì‡K †Zvgv‡ì Øxbx
wel‡q wb‡`©k wè, ZLb †Zvgiv †mUv MÖnY Ki‡e| wKš‘ hLb Avwg
Avgvi ÔivqÕ Abyhvqx †Kvb wb‡`©k †è, ZLb wbðqB Avwg GKRb
gvbyl gvÎÕ|16 AÎ nv`xQ ¯úó K‡i w`‡q‡Q †h, Øxbx I `ywbqvex Rxeb
m¤ú~Y© Avjv`v| AZGe Øxbx Rxe‡b Bmjvgx AvBb †g‡b Pje| wKš‘
`ywbqvex Rxe‡b Avgiv wb‡R‡ì gbMov weavb AbymiY Kie|
16. gymwjg nv/2362; wgkKvZ nv/147 ÔwKZve I mybœvn‡K AuvK‡o aivÕ Aby‡”Q`|
Contents
Reve : D³ nv`x‡Q Øxb I `ywbqv‡K c„_K Kiv nqwb| eis Øxb I

ivq‡K c„_K ejv n‡q‡Q| †Kbbv Øxb Av‡m Avj−vn&i wbKU †_‡K ÔAwnÕ
wnmv‡e| c¶vš—‡i ÔivqÕ Av‡m gvby‡li gw¯—®‹ †_‡K, hv aviYv cÖm~Z|
Øxb Aåvš— I AcwieZ©bxq| wKš‘ ÔivqÕ åvwš—i m¤¢vebvhy³ I
cwieZ©b‡hvM¨| wØZxqZt D³ nv`x‡Qi NUbvq cÖgvwYZ nq †h,
ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) D³ wel‡q Awn-i weavb †ck K‡ibwb| eis wb‡Ri
ÔivqÕ †ck K‡iwQ‡jb| hv‡Z fyj nevi m¤¢vebv wQj Ges ev¯—‡eI ZvB
n‡qwQj| G ai‡bi AviI NUbv Zuvi Rxe‡b N‡U‡Q| GgbwK Qvjv‡Zi
ivKÔAvZ MYbv‡ZI wZwb fyj K‡i‡Qb| hvi Rb¨ Zuv‡K Qvjv‡Zi g‡a¨
Ôm‡nv wmR`vÕ w`‡Z n‡q‡Q| gvbyl wnmv‡e GUvB wQj Zuvi Rb¨
¯^vfvweK| wZwb †h Ôb~‡ii bexÕ wQ‡jb bv, GUvI Zvi GKwU eo cÖgvY|
NUbv : g`xbvq wnRi‡Zi ci ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) †`L‡jb †h,
g`xbvevmxMY bi †LRy‡ii dzj wb‡q gv`x †LRy‡ii dz‡ji mv‡_ wgwk‡q
†`q| Zv‡Z †LRy‡ii djb fvj nq| ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) GB wbqgwU cm›`
Ki‡jb bv| d‡j †jv‡Kiv GUv ev` w`j| †`Lv †Mj †h, †mevi djb
Kg nÕj| ZLb ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) †jvK‡ì‡K Dc‡iv³ K_v e‡jb|
†Kbbv D³ wel‡q Zuvi AwfÁZv wQj bv| d‡j IUv wQj Zuvi ÔivqÕ ev
aviYv cÖm~Z| Avj−vn&i Awn ev cÖZ¨v‡`k wQj bv| eis G ai‡bi wel‡q
Avj−vn&i wb‡`©k nÕj ÔZzwg †jvK‡ì mv‡_ civgk© K‡ivÕ (Av‡j Bgivb
3/159)|
D³ nv`x‡Qi NUbv cÖgvY K‡i †h, gvby‡li `ywbqvex Rxeb Øxbx Rxeb
†_‡K c„_K| †hgb gvby‡li gv_v I nvZ-cv G‡K Aci †_‡K c„_K|
G‡ì Kg©‡¶Î c„_K| `vwqZ¡ c„_K| wKš‘ mKj A½-cÖZ¨½ Pj‡Q Zvi
gvwjK GKK e¨w³i wb‡`©‡k| Abyiƒcfv‡e gvby‡li Øxbx I `ywbqvex
Rxeb wbtm‡›`‡n c„_K| wKš‘ meB Pj‡e m„wóKZ©v Avj−vn †cÖwiZ GKK
I Aåvš— †n`vqv‡Zi Av‡jv‡K| Øxbx wel‡qi ûKyg¸wj AcwieZ©bxq
(ZvIK¡xdx)| hvi LuywUbvwU †Kvb wKQz Kg‡ekx Kivi AwaKvi ev›`vi
†bB| wKš‘ `ywbqvex wel‡q Bmjvg nvjvj-nviv‡gi KZ¸wj mxgv I
g~jbxwZ wba©viY K‡i w`‡q‡Q| †mB mxgv‡iLvi g‡a¨ †_‡K I †mBme
Contents
g~jbxwZi Av‡jv‡K gymjgvb wb‡R ev ci¯ú‡i civgk© mv‡c‡¶ Ges
AwfÁZv I ev¯—eZvi Av‡jv‡K wm×vš— wb‡Z cv‡i|
†hgb Ôm~`Õ (ML) GKwU A_©‰bwZK welq, hv gvby‡li `ywbqvex Rxe‡bi
Aš—f©y³| Bmjvg G‡K ÔnvivgÕ K‡i‡Q| ev›`v G‡K †Kvbfv‡eB nvjvj
Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| AZGe wKfv‡e cyiv A_©bxwZ‡K m~`gy³ Kiv hvq Ges
cuywRev‡ì Awfkvc †_‡K wKfv‡e RvwZ‡K D×vi Kiv hvq, †m wel‡q
gywgb ev›`viv ci¯ú‡i civgk© g‡Z nv`x‡Qi Av‡jv‡K wm×vš— MÖnY
Ki‡e| c¶vš—‡i ÔhvKvZÕ (J4HeNq) GKwU A_©‰bwZK welq| GwU
ÔdihÕ| G‡K evwZj Kivi AwaKvi ev›`vi †bB| AZGe GwUi myôz
msMÖn I eÈ‡bi gva¨‡g wKfv‡e mgvR‡K `vwi`ª¨gy³ Kiv hvq, Zvi
cwiKíbv gvbyl MÖnY Ki‡e| GKBfv‡e ivRbxwZ, A_©bxwZ, eëmv-
evwYR¨ BZ¨vw` mKj êlwqK †¶‡Î kixÔAv‡Zi g~jbxwZ I mxgv‡iLvi
g‡a¨ †_‡K gywgb ev›`vMY ¯^vaxbfv‡e wm×vš— wb‡Z cv‡i| wKš‘
ag©wbi‡c¶Zvev‡ì AbymvixMY êlwqK e¨vcv‡i Avj−vn †cÖwiZ Awn-i
weavb Z_v Bmjvgx kixÔAv‡Zi †Kvb wb‡`©k Ges †Kvbiƒc wbqš¿Y ev
mxgv‡iLv gvb‡Z ivhx bb| Zviv wb‡R‡ì B”QvgZ AvBb iPbv K‡i
_v‡Kb I Zv gvb‡Z gvbyl‡K eva¨ K‡ib| d‡j Bmjv‡gi mv‡_
ag©wbi‡c¶Zvev‡ì msNl© G‡Kev‡iB gy‡LvgywL| †mLv‡b Av‡cv‡li
†Kvb my‡hvM †bB| ag©wbi‡c¶Zvev`xMY Avj−vn&i cvkvcvwk ¯^xq
cÖe„wË‡K Bjvn-Gi Avm‡b ewm‡q‡Qb| hv wki‡Ki kvwgj| Gw`‡K
Bw½Z K‡iB Avj−vn ¯^xq ivm~j‡K e‡jb,
X?H_ YxM-I:MC I3H_ gTFeM( F9IH,M) J?JMC Md"HwH$H_ Y6MM
Y9MBHF> HWMuNC F M MdIH_MH_
gTF*M zKM{H_ IAY
GKM F3MI"HwGHe X2F> IAY
G?F> H?J,FUIM I(H_ H?YM8I-M IAY
MHyGeH_
ÔZzwg wK †`‡LQ H e¨w³‡K †h ¯^xq cÖe„wË‡K Bjvn MY¨ K‡i‡Q? Zzwg
wK H †jvKwUi †Kvb `vwqZ¡ wb‡eÕ? ÔZzwg wK g‡b Ki I‡ì AwaKvsk
†jvK ï‡b I ey‡S? Iiv †Zv cïi gZ| eis Zvi †P‡qI AwaK c_åóÕ
(dziK¡vb 25/43-44)|
Contents
Agymwjg‡ì cÖwZ Bmjv‡gi bxwZ (K&- FG H IJD E) :
(1) nhiZ Avbvm (ivt) e‡jb, GKwU Bn~`x evjK ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)-Gi
†mev KiZ| †m Zuvi Ih~i cvwb G‡b w`Z I RyZv ¸wQ‡q w`Z|
GKmgq †m cxwoZ nÕj| ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) Zvi evox‡Z Zv‡K †`L‡Z
†M‡jb I gv_vi Kv‡Q em‡jb| AZtci †Q‡jwUi †kl Ae¯’v eyS‡Z
†c‡i wZwb Zv‡K ej‡jb, Zzwg Bmjvg Keyj KiÕ| †Q‡jwU Zvi wcZvi
w`‡K ZvKvj| wcZv Zv‡K ejj, FAFHUG MH_ I]FpH_ ÔZzwg Aveyj K¡v‡mg-Gi
K_v †g‡b bvI| ZLb †Q‡jwU Kv‡jgv kvnv`vZ cvV K‡i Bmjvg Keyj
Kij| AZtci gviv †Mj| Gici ivm~j (Qvt) †ei nevi mgq ej‡jb
FN M F I F Y6HWHUI"H_ VFWX F7 Y!I8M:G ÔAvj−vn&i Rb¨ mKj cÖksmv| whwb
Zv‡K Avgvi gva¨‡g Rvnvbœvg †_‡K gyw³ w`‡jbÕ|17
GLv‡b wk¶Yxq welq GB †h, wb‡Ri evoxi Kv‡Ri †Q‡j nIqv m‡Ë¡I
ivm~j (Qvt) KL‡bv Zv‡K ev Zvi Bn~`x cwievi‡K Bmjvg Key‡ji Rb¨
Pvc †`bwb|
(2) Igi dviƒK (ivt) ¯^xq †LjvdZKv‡j GKevi Zvi wLªóvb †Mvjvg
DmvK¡‡K Bmjv‡gi `vIqvZ †`b| wKš‘ †m A¯^xKvi K‡i| ZLb wZwb
F L! hF$ M6MGeF> H2 (ÔØx‡bi e¨vcv‡i †Kvb hei`w¯— †bBÕ) AvqvZvskwU
cvV K‡ib| AZtci e‡jb, F}IM H,M) MkF NMMI2 MdI8H,IH_ IH Y|MJ_ M
M~F8F,I-Y8G FYJ_ Ô†n DmvK¡! hw` Zzwg Bmjvg Keyj Ki‡Z, ZvnÕ‡j
gymjgvb‡ì ¯^v_©mswk−ó wel‡q Avwg †Zvgvi wbKU †_‡K mvnvh¨
wbZvgÕ|18 AZtci wZwb Zv‡K gy³ K‡i †`b (Beby Avex kvqevn
nv/12690)|
17. Avey`vE` nv/3095; Avngv` nv/13399; eyLvix nv/1356; wgkKvZ

nv/1574; Beby KvQxi, Zvdmxi m~iv Av‡j Bgivb 19 AvqvZ|
18. Beby KvQxi, Zvdmxi m~iv evK¡vivn 256 AvqvZ; Zvdmxi Beby Avex nv‡Zg
nv/2654| mb` hCd nÕ‡jI NUbv wnmv‡e D‡j−L Kiv nÕj|
Contents
(3) Igi dviƒK (ivt) ¯^xq †LjvdZKv‡j 15 wnRix‡Z evqZzj
gyK¡vÏvm weRq Dcj‡¶¨ wdwj¯—xb hvIqvi c‡_ wZwb Ih~i cvwb Zje
K‡ib| ZLb iv¯—vi cv‡ki GK evox †_‡K Zuv‡K cvwb G‡b †Ìqv
nq| AZtci Ih~ †k‡l wZwb ej‡jb, †Kv_v †_‡K G cvwb Avb‡j?
†Kvb Kzqvi cvwb ev e„wói cvwb †Zv Avwg GZ mywgó cvBwb| ejv nÕj
†h, H e„×v wLªóvb gwnjvi evox †_‡K G‡bwQ| ZLb Igi (ivt) Zvi
Kv‡Q †M‡jb I ej‡jb, !N8M:Y `7 H%MM hF8H,I-MC hF8F,IH_ YYtMG MBYNH_
L|M:GF MAX,MM( F9IH,M) `7 X,M; Ô†n e„×v! Bmjvg Keyj Ki| (Rvnvbœvg
†_‡K) †eu‡P hv‡e| Avj−vn gynv¤§v` (Qvt)-†K mZ¨ mnKv‡i †cÖiY
K‡i‡QbÕ| ZLb e„×v Zvi gv_v AvjMv K‡i †`Lv‡jv Kvkdz‡ji gZ
(FMMXy JKGyF) aea‡e mv`v GKivk Pzj| AZtci ejj, H?G YcIYH M"H_M(
ÔAvi Avwg GLb g„Zzï `yqv‡i †cuŠ‡Q †MwQÕ| GK_v ï‡b Igi (ivt)
ej‡jb, I!MBIi NAYBX,H Ô†n Avj−vn Zzwg mv¶x _vKÕ (†h, Avwg Zv‡K
Bmjv‡gi `vIqvZ w`‡qwQ)| KziZzex ewa©Zfv‡e wj‡L‡Qb, AZtci
wZwb F L! hF$ M6MGeF> H2 AvqvZvskwU cvV Ki‡jb|19
GLv‡b wk¶Yxq welq GB †h, †m mgqKvi wLªóvb wek¦ †h Ig‡ii Kv‡Q

AvZ¥mgc©Y K‡iwQj Ges hLb wdwj¯—x‡bi wLªóvb †bZviv Zuv‡K
Af¨_©bvi Rb¨ cÖ¯‘Z, †m Ae¯’vq wZwb GKRb `ye©j wLªóvb e„×vi cÖwZI
Bmjvg Key‡ji Rb¨ Pvc †`bwb|
Giƒc AmsL¨ bhxi Bmjvgx †Ljvd‡Zi ci‡Z ci‡Z i‡q‡Q| A_P
Bmjvg nÕj gvbeRvwZi Rb¨ Avj−vn&i g‡bvbxZ me©‡kl I c~Y©v½ Øxb
(Av‡j Bgivb 3/19, gv‡q`vn 5/3)| Avi Bmjvg Keyj bv Ki‡j gvbyl‡K
Aek¨B ciKv‡j Rvnvbœvgx nÕ‡Z n‡e|20 Gic‡iI ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt),
19. evqnvK¡x nv/128 ÔZvnvirÕ Aa¨vq 1/32 c„t; `vivKzrbx nv/60-61; KziZzex,
Zvdmxi m~iv evK¡vivn 256 AvqvZ; Avj-we`vqvn 7/56|
20. gymwjg nv/153 ÔCgvbÕ Aa¨vq, 70 Aby‡”Q`; wgkKvZ nv/10|
Contents
†Lvjvdv‡q iv‡k`xb I Qvnvev‡q †Kivg gvbyl‡K †Kej Bmjv‡gi

`vIqvZ w`‡q‡Qb| wKš‘ Kvi“ cÖwZ Pvc cÖ‡qvM K‡ibwb|
G‡Z cÖgvwYZ nq †h, Bmjvgx kvm‡bB gvÎ Ab¨ a‡g©i †jv‡Kiv
¯^vaxbfv‡e Zv‡ì ag© cvj‡bi my‡hvM cvq| A_P Kw_Z ag©wbi‡c¶ I
Kgy¨wbó †`k¸wj‡Z Bmjv‡gi cÖK…Z ¯^vaxbZv †bB| †mLv‡b
gymjgvb‡ì Mi“ Kzievbx Ki‡Z ev gvB‡K Avhvb w`‡Z, GgbwK G‡Ki
AwaK mš—vb wb‡ZI wb‡la Kiv nq| wg_¨v ARynv‡Z gmwR` ¸uwo‡q
†Ìqv nq| gymjgvb bvix-cyi“l‡K nZ¨v Kiv nq I wbôziZg wbh©vZb
Kiv nq| AZGe Ôag©wbi‡c¶Zvev`Õ A_© me a‡g©i ¯^vaxbZv bq ev
Amv¤cÖ`vwqKZv bq, eis Gi cÖK…Z A_© nÕj Bmjvg‡K cÖwZnZ Kiv|
Bmjv‡gi `„wó‡Z ag©wbi‡c¶Zvev` (IJD L

?
) :
ag©wbi‡c¶Zvev` `yÕwU †gŠwjK Kvi‡Y Bmjv‡gi we‡ivax| 1. ÔZvInx‡`

Bev`ZÕ Z_v `vm‡Z¡i †¶‡Î Avj−vn&i mve©‡fŠgZ¡‡K A¯^xKvi Kivq GwU
cwi®‹vifv‡e Kzdix gZev`| 2. Avj−vn&i bvwhjK…Z weav‡bi wecixZ
weavb †Ìqvq GwU ¯úófv‡e Z¡vM~Zx gZev`|
nv‡Z †Mvbv wKQz bvw¯—K e¨ZxZ c~e©Kv‡ji I AvaywbK Kv‡ji Zver
Kvwdi I gykwiK mgvR mKj ¶gZvi AwaKvix GKRb m„wóKZ©vq
wek¦vmx| Gfv‡e Avj−vn‡K †mªd ÔieÕ wnmv‡e ¯^xKvi Kiv‡K ejv nq
ÔZvInx‡` i“e~weqvZÕ| c¶vš—‡i mvwe©K Rxe‡b Avj−vn&i weavb mg~n
Keyj Kiv‡K ejv nq ÔZvInx‡` Bev`ZÕ ev Dj~wnqvZ| ZvB †Kej
ZvInx‡` i“e~weqvZ‡K ¯^xKvi Ki‡jB †KD Bmjv‡g cÖ‡ek Ki‡Z cv‡i
bv| †hgb Avey Rvnj Avj−vn‡K ÔieÕ wnmv‡e ¯^xKvi Kiv m‡Ë¡I Zv‡K
gymjgvb ejv nqwb| ZvB gymjgvb †Kej wZwbB nÕ‡Z cv‡ib, whwb
ag©xq I êlwqK Rxe‡bi me©‡¶‡Î Avj−vn&i `vmZ¡ Keyj K‡ib I
mva¨gZ Zuvi Av‡`k-wb‡la mg~n ev¯—evqb K‡ib|
ag©wbi‡c¶ gZev` †ekxi †ekx †Kej ZvInx‡` i“e~weqvZ‡K ¯^xKvi
K‡i| wKš‘ ZvInx‡` Bev`Z‡K †Kvb Ae¯’v‡ZB ¯^xKvi K‡i bv| GB
Contents
gZev` gvby‡li Dc‡i gvby‡li iwPZ weavb mg~n Pvwc‡q †Ìqvq
wek¦vmx| d‡j gvbyl gvby‡li `vmZ¡ Ki‡Z eva¨ nq| A_P gvbyl †Kej
Zvi m„wóKZ©v Avj−vn&i `vmZ¡ Ki‡Z Ges Zuvi weavb gvb‡Z eva¨, Ab¨
Kvi“ bq| wbtm‡›`‡n Avj−vn&i weavb gvb¨ Kivi g‡a¨B i‡q‡Q gvby‡li
cÖK…Z ¯^vaxbZv Ges i‡q‡Q Zvi BnKvjxb g½j I ciKvjxb gyw³|
ag©wbi‡c¶Zvev‡ì †¶Îmg~n (
1MN) :
ag©wbi‡c¶Zvev` g~jZt `yÕwU †¶‡Î Kvh©Ki : agx©q †¶‡Î I êlwqK

†¶‡Î|
(K) ag©xq †¶‡Î ag©wbi‡c¶Zvev` ( !2 1MN ?
;) : agx©q
†¶‡Î ZvInx‡` Bev`Z‡K wewNœZ K‡ib hy‡M hy‡M `yógwZ agx©q
†bZvMY| †hgb b~‡ni KIg, Beivnx‡gi KIg, g~mv I Cmvi KI‡gi
†bZviv K‡iwQj| Avj−vn Bn~`x-bvQviv‡ì c_åóZvi KviY wb‡`©k K‡i
e‡jb,
I(YFJ_ MM( MAMIM M I MIF-M8GM( F7 F?I(Y I L MIH_ IAYBM"M*I
YM( IAY
MM*I&H_ I(JWMuNCF
g( ) gH?IJeFIY N8M) Y9M"M:I*Y MY
X2F> M9HF> X2 !F&M( BHF> I(Y!Y*IMF X2F>
ÔZviv Avj−vn‡K †Q‡o Zv‡ì Av‡jg I cxi-AvDwjqv‡ì‡K Ges
gwiqgcyÎ Cmv‡K ÔieÕ wnmv‡e MÖnY K‡iwQj| A_P Zv‡ì †KejgvÎ
GK Avj−vn&i `vmZ¡ Ki‡Z ûKzg †Ìqv n‡qwQj| e¯‘Zt Avj−vn e¨ZxZ
†Kvb Dcvm¨ †bB| Avi Zviv †h wkiK K‡i, Zv nÕ‡Z wZwb cweÎÕ
(ZIev 9/31)|
D³ AvqvZ m¤úwK©Z NUbvwU wbgœiƒc :

^xF,M; hFUYY) hF$M( MAX,MM( F9IH,M) `7 X,M; NhF*N YdIMCH_ :HHO \AFCM& F I LoF!M) I M)
YdIMBMI"H$ Y9YI&MH+H$ MkFUYY) I F M HbMG HWM
IMGp joF!M) M :HHUH$ \xM
H I F
MIH_ IAYBM"M*I
YM( IAY
MM*I&H_ (JWMuNC) HMG F6FWM
H_MHUH$ H4QRMM H4MY J_MGUM MY
M( F9IHF>
Contents
:HHUH$ IAY

Y!Y*IM" MI-H N"> !F7 HIYM M :YdG,JO (MAMIM M I MIF-M8GM( F7 F?I(Y I F
:YdG,JO Y9M"z,F:YH$ `7 M3NM& M H?Iz,F:Y( Y9M"IYLM:YH$ `7 XKM&H_ M H?IYLM:Y MZIHH_
gxe _ %! [,( 6-[C 6( IAYBYCMM*F) MkG,FH$ :HHO H,M
Ô(ZrKvjxb L¨vZbvgv wLªóvb ag©‡bZv) ÔAv`x web nv‡Zg nÕ‡Z ewY©Z
wZwb e‡jb, Avwg (9g wnRixi iexDj AvDqvj gv‡m) ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)-
Gi wbK‡U (Bmjvg Key‡ji Rb¨ g`xbvq) Avwm| GgZve¯’vq Avgvi
Mjvq ¯^‡Y©i GKwU µzk Szjv‡bv wQj| GUv †`‡L ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)
ej‡jb, †n ÔAv`x! †Zvgvi Mjv †_‡K H g~wZ©Uv †d‡j `vI| ZLb Avwg
IUv Ly‡j †d‡j w`jvg Ges Zuvi wbK‡U wM‡q emjvg| G mgq wZwb
m~iv ZIevn&i (Dc‡i ewY©Z 31) AvqvZwU cowQ‡jb| Avwg ejjvg, M
IAY
Y!Y*IM" MI-H N"F> F7 HIYM Ô†n Avj−vn&i ivm~j! Avgiv †Zv I‡ì Bev`Z
Kwi bvÕ| Rev‡e wZwb ej‡jb, Y9M"IYLM:YH$ `7 XKM&H_ M H?IYLM:Y MZIHH_
Y9M"z,F:YH$ `7 M3NM& M H?Iz,F:Y( ÔZviv wK Avj−vn&i nvjvjK…Z welq¸wj‡K
nvivg K‡i bv? AZtci †ZvgivI †m¸wj‡K nvivg Ki| Zviv wK
Avj−vn&i nvivgK…Z welq¸wj nvjvj K‡i bv? AZtci †ZvgivI Zv
nvjvj Ki| ÔAv`x ej‡jb, nu¨v| ZLb wZwb ej‡jb, IAYBYCMM*F) MkG,FH$
ÔIUvB †Zv I‡ì Bev`Z nÕjÕ|
D³ nv`x‡Qi e¨vLvq nhiZ Avãyj−vn Beby AveŸvm (ivt) e‡jb,
IAY
IY)HpHwH$ F7 FMF5IM8F IAY
I(YMH_ I FHM( IAYBH I(Y!YtI-N G?H_ IAY
I(YYGwM IAH
F7 F?(Y I F IAYBH T4MM hFIM : YN:NS HHO( .IH_ MkFHWF `7 YAY
N8M-H$
gF7 hF;MM hF$ IAYBM"YF+Y
ÔBn~`x-bvQviv ag©‡bZvMY Zv‡ì‡K wmR`v Kivi Rb¨ e‡jbwb| eis
Zviv Avj−vn&i bvdigvbxi Kv‡R gvbyl‡K ûKzg w`‡Zb Ges †jv‡Kiv Zv
Contents
gvb¨ KiZ| d‡j Avj−vn Zv‡ì‡K ÔieÕ wnmv‡e AwfwnZ K‡ibÕ|
hvnnvK (g„. 64 wn.) e‡jb, ÔGLv‡b ie A_© Zv‡ì †bZvMY| †jv‡Kiv
Avj−vn&i Aeva¨Zvq Zv‡ì AvbyMZ¨ KiZÕ|21
Avãyj−vn web ÔAvgi (ivt) nÕ‡Z ewY©Z ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) Gikv` K‡ib,
g...FKINF FKIN M(GWM& HKIFvMIF> hFM H,M) MCH_ M hFNJ_ H,M) N MFCGwMH
ÔAek¨B Avgvi D¤§‡Zi Dci Ggb Ae¯’v Avm‡e, †hgb G‡mwQj eby
BmªvC‡ji Dci, GK‡Rvov RyZvi cvi¯úwiK mvgÄ‡mï b¨vq...Õ|22 H
Ae¯’v †_‡K euvPvi Rb¨ Avgv‡ì‡K Qvjv‡Zi cÖwZ ivKÔAv‡Z m~iv
dvwZnvq cÖv_©bv Ki‡Z nq, M~rNS H2M( IAFBIH,M) FfYSIM8G FIHP Ô(†n
Avj−vn!) Zzwg Avgv‡ì‡K †m c‡_ cwiPvwjZ K‡iv bv, †h c‡_ Pjvi
Kvi‡Y †jv‡Kiv Awfkß n‡q‡Q I c_åó n‡q‡QÕ (dvwZnv 1/7)|
ÔAv`x web nv‡Zg (ivt) nÕ‡Z ewY©Z ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) e‡jb, ÔgvMh~eÕ
(Awfkß) nÕj Bn~`xiv Ges Ô†hvqvj−xbÕ (c_åó) nÕj bvQvivivÕ|23
A_©vr gymwjg D¤§vn&i Ae¯’v weMZ Bn~`x-bvQviv‡ì b¨vq n‡e| Z‡e
cv_©K¨ GB †h, Zviv Zv‡ì wbK‡U †cÖwiZ Gjvnx MÖš’ ZvIivZ-
BbRxj‡K cwieZ©b K‡i Zv G‡Kev‡iB weK…Z I webó K‡i †d‡j‡Q|
c¶vš—‡i gymjgv‡biv †mUv Ki‡Z bv †c‡i eû †¶‡Î KziAvb I
nv`x‡Qi ÔZvexjÕ A_©vr `~iZg e¨vL¨v I Ace¨vL¨v K‡i‡Q| Zvdmx‡ii
bv‡g eû ev‡R Mí iUbv K‡i‡Q| GgbwK my‡hvM gZ nv`xQ ˆZix K‡i
A_ev †mLv‡b wKQz †hvM-we‡qvM K‡i agx©q weavb‡K wb‡R‡ì gbgZ
K‡i wb‡q‡Q| d‡j cweÎ KziAvb I Qnxn mybœvn&i e`‡j gymwjg
Rxe‡bi agx©q welq¸wji eû †¶‡Î wewfbœ gvhnve I ZixKvi
ag©‡bZv‡ì iwPZ weavbmg~n ZvK¡jx‡` kvLQxi bv‡g †PvL euy‡R gvb¨
21. Beby Rvixi, Zvdmxi Rv‡gÔDj evqvb nv/16632, 16641, 16630; H,

(êiƒZ Qvcv : 1987), 10/80-81; Qnxnvn nv/3293; wZiwghx nv/3095
ÔZvdmxiÕ Aa¨vq Ôm~iv ZIevÕ Aby‡”Q`; mb` nvmvb|
22. wZiwghx nv/2641; Beby gvRvn nv/3992; wgkKvZ nv/171; Qnxnvn nv/1348|
23. wZiwghx nv/2954; Qnxûj Rv‡gÔ nv/8202|
Contents
Kiv n‡”Q| Gfv‡e Avj−vn&i bvwhjK…Z weav‡bi cwie‡Z© gvbeiwPZ

weavb mg~n Pvwc‡q †Ìqv n‡”Q a‡g©i bv‡g, hvi wcQ‡b Avj−vn&i †Kvb
AbygwZ †bB|
c„w_exi cÖvPxbZg wkiK n‡”Q g„Z gvby‡li c~Rv| hv g~wZ© I cÖwZgv c~Rv
iƒ‡c wKsev ¯’vbc~Rv iƒ‡c Kvwdi I gykwiK mgv‡R Pvjy Av‡Q|
AvRKvj †m¸wjB gymwjg mgv‡R Pj‡Q gvhvi I Keic~Rv iƒ‡c| Pj‡Q
Qwe I cÖwZK…wZ c~Rv| Pj‡Q Kw_Z knx` wgbvi, ¯§„wZ‡mŠa BZ¨vwì
c~Rv| ejv n‡”Q cxi-AvDwjqvMY g‡ib bv| Zviv Ke‡i RxweZ _v‡Kb
I f‡³i AvnŸvb ï‡bb I Zvi g‡bvevÃv c~Y© K‡ib (bvEhywej−vn)| ejv
evûj¨, Gfv‡eB Avj−vnK…Z nvivg‡K nvjvj Kiv n‡”Q a‡g©i bv‡g| Avi
Gfv‡eB Pj‡Q gymjgvb‡ì ag©xq Rxe‡b GK A‡NvwlZ
Ôag©wbi‡c¶Zvev`Õ|
(L) êlwqK †¶‡Î ag©wbi‡c¶Zvev` (2
1MN ?
;) :
e¨w³MZ I cvwievwiK Rxe‡b gymjgvb‡ì A‡b‡K weï×fv‡e ag©xq
weavb †g‡b Pj‡jI êlwqK Rxe‡bi AwaKvsk †¶‡Î Pj‡Q A‰bmjvgx
weavb mg~n, hv Avj−vn bvwhj K‡ibwb| †hgb AwaKvsk gymwjg
ivóª¸wj‡Z AvBbwm×fv‡eB m~`, †ek¨ve„wË cÖf„wZ nvivg‡K nvjvj Kiv
n‡q‡Q| A_P Avj−vn e‡jb,
g(m 4!v) gH?IYFOIj \3IHUF 8GY& F7 M F Y M-I&H_ I MM( H?IYI*M FNF,F
MtG MAGY:H$H_
ÔZ‡e wK Zviv Rv‡nwjqv‡Zi weavbmg~n Kvgbv K‡i? wek¦vmx
m¤cÖ`v‡qi Rb¨ Avj−vn&i PvB‡Z my›ì weavb`vZv Avi †K Av‡QÕ?
(gv‡q`vn 5/50)|
cÖ_‡gv³ g‡Zi †jv‡Kiv †k‡lv³ †jvK‡ì PvB‡Z †ekx ¶wZMÖ¯—|
†Kbbv cÖ_‡gv³ †jv‡Kiv Zv‡ì wkiK I we`ÔAvZ¸wj‡K ag© †f‡eB
K‡i _v‡K| d‡j Zviv ZIev Kivi my‡hvM †_‡K ewÂZ nq| wKš‘
†k‡lv³ †jv‡Kiv Zv‡ì KvR¸wj‡K Ab¨vq †f‡eB K‡i| d‡j Zv‡ì
ZIev Kivi m¤¢vebv _v‡K| Avj−vn Avgv‡ì †ndvhZ Ki“b!
Contents
Kzdix weavb ( OP "8#) :
Dc‡i D×„Z m~iv gv‡q`vn 50 Avqv‡Z ewY©Z ÔRv‡nwjqv‡Zi weavbÕ

(FNF,F
MtG YAGY&) A_© Kzdix weavb| GB Kzdix `yÕai‡bi : wek¦vmMZ
Kzdix (aVFHUFI)F ^G[Je) I Kg©MZ Kzdix (a F,M8M) ^G[Je)|
(K) wek¦vmMZ Kzdix (aVFHUFI)F ^G[Je) : †hme kvmK ev kvmK `j

êlwqK Rxe‡b Avj−vn&i weavb mg~n A¯^xKvi K‡ib A_ev †m¸wj‡K
ÔnKÕ Rvb‡jI cwiw¯’wZ ev hy‡Mi †`vnvB †c‡o wb‡R‡ì iwPZ weavb‡K
DËg ev mgvb ev wm× g‡b K‡ib, Zviv wek¦vmMZ Kzdixi Aš—f©y³
n‡eb Ges gymwjg wgj−vZ †_‡K LvwiR e‡j MY¨ n‡eb| AZGe Zviv
gy‡L Ôjv Bjvnv Bj−vj−vnÕ ev ÔAvj−vû AvKeiÕ aŸwb w`‡jB wKsev QvjvZ-
wQqvg cvjb Ki‡jB gymwjg MY¨ n‡eb bv| †hgb nv‡iQ Avj-
AvkÔAvix (ivt) nÕ‡Z ewY©Z ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) Gikv` K‡ib,
MAM)MM( X,M;M( M3M; G?F>M( MANMBM FRHyY I F MYBH$ FNF,F
MtG VMI)M!F M)M I MM(
.\IF:M; \MIFF jVFWFILM( Y!M8I&H_ Y6M(M ÂF,I-Y Y9N"H_
Ô†h e¨w³ Rv‡nwjqv‡Zi w`‡K gvbyl‡K AvnŸvb K‡i, †m e¨w³
Rvnvbœvgx‡ì `jfy³| hwÌ †m wQqvg cvjb K‡i, QvjvZ Av`vq K‡i
Ges aviYv K‡i †h †m GKRb gymwjgÕ|24
ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) hw` †Kej KvÔevM„‡n e‡m w`bivZ QvjvZ-wQqv‡g iZ
_vK‡Zb Ges ivR‰bwZK, A_©‰bwZK Z_v êlwqK e¨vcv‡i †Kvb K_v
bv ej‡Zb, ZvnÕ‡j Kvwdi I gykwiK mgvR Zuvi we‡ivwaZv KiZ bv ev
23 eQ‡ii beyAZx Rxe‡b Zuv‡K GZ Kó mn¨ Ki‡Z nÕZ bv| AZGe
ag©wbi‡c¶Zvev‡ì cÖ¯v— e Abyhvqx gmwR‡ì g‡a¨ Avj−vn&i AvbyMZ¨ I
cvj©v‡g‡›U wM‡q Avj−vn‡K †Q‡o †bZv‡ì AvbyMZ¨, G ai‡bi wØgyLx
24. Avngv` nv/17209; wZiwghx nv/2863; wgkKvZ nv/3694, mb` Qnxn

Ô†bZ…Z¡ I c`gh©v`vÕ Aa¨vq|
Contents
AvbyM‡Zï `vex ZvInx‡` Bev`‡Zi mivmwi we‡ivax| hviv `yÕwU‡K

wgwj‡q Pj‡Z Pvb, Zv‡ì GB Av‡cvlgyLx dg©yjvi wei“‡× Avj−vn
e‡jb,
H?IJIJUM( F9F,YYM( F7 M IM IJOLH[Y ?H_ H?I(Y!IFYM( F9F,YYM( F7F H?I(YJ[GM M IFWX X?F>
MkFHI(J_ gTIF*M MkFH M IM I(JWFuNM ?H_ H?I(Y!IFYM( \}IM*F YJ[GM"M( \}IM*F Y FI.Y"
g(mgm R-) gIFBj THWM) M IFF$HG,F M"I!MI)H_M( UM& H?I(YF$HG YAY
Ô†hme †jv‡Kiv Avj−vn I Zuvi ivm~jM‡Yi mv‡_ Kzdix K‡i Ges Avj−vn
I ivm~jM‡Yi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ m„wó K‡i Ges e‡j †h, Avgiv wKQz As‡ki
Dc‡i Cgvb Avbjvg I wKQz As‡k Kzdix Kijvg| Gi Øviv Zviv
`yÕ‡qi gv‡S GKUv (Av‡cv‡li) iv¯—v †ei Ki‡Z PvqÕ| ÔGivB nÕj
cÖK…Z ÔKvwdiÕ| Avi Avgiv Kvwdi‡ì Rb¨ wbK…óZg kvw¯— wba©vwiZ
K‡i †i‡LwQÕ (wbmv 4/150-151)|
AZGe Dc‡i ewY©Z AvK¡x`v I wek¦vm hw` †Kvb †bZv ev `‡ji _v‡K,
Z‡e †mB †bZv ev `j Bmjvg †_‡K LvwiR e‡j MY¨ n‡e| Zv‡ì
`jfy³ nIqv †Kvb gymjgv‡bi Rb¨ wm× bq|
G¶‡Y hw` †Kvb gymwjg miKvi KziAvb I mybœvn&i weavb ev` w`‡q
wb‡R‡ì gbMov weavb Abyhvqx †`k kvmb K‡i, Z‡e †m miKvi
gybvwdK I Kexiv †MvbvnMvi n‡e| wKš‘ hw` †mUv‡K Avj−vn&i weav‡bi
PvB‡Z DËg ev mgvb ev `yÕwUB wm× g‡b K‡i I Zv‡Z Lykx _v‡K,
ZvnÕ‡j D³ miKvi cÖK…Z ÔKv‡diÕ wnmv‡e MY¨ n‡e| e¨w³i †¶‡ÎI
GKB K_v cÖ‡hvR¨|
(L) Kg©MZ Kzdix (a F,M8M) ^G[Je) : hw` †Kvb kvmK ev kvmK `j
Avj−vn&i weavb‡K m‡e©v”P, me©v½ my›ì I me©hyMxq Ges gymwjg-
Agymwjg mKj gvby‡li Rb¨ Kj¨vYweavb e‡j g‡b-cÖv‡Y wek¦vm K‡i
Ges gy‡L Zv ¯^xKvi K‡i I Zv cÖwZôvi Rb¨ mva¨gZ †Póv Pvjvq, wKš‘
eva¨MZ Kvi‡Y Avj−vn&i wKQz ûKzg ev¯—evq‡b A¶g _v‡K, Zv‡K
Contents
ÔKg©MZ KzdixÕ ev Kzd‡i ÔAvgjx e‡j| Zviv Bmjvg we‡ivax †Kvb
weavb Rvwi Ki‡j Zv‡ì D³ ûKzg gvb¨ Kiv wm× n‡e bv| eis Zvi
cÖwZev` Ki‡Z n‡e, Zv †_‡K weiZ _vK‡Z n‡e I Zv‡K N„Yv Ki‡Z
n‡e| hwÌ we‡`ªvn Kiv hv‡e bv| †Kbbv Zv‡Z ivm~j (Qvt)-Gi
wb‡lavÁv i‡q‡Q|
nhiZ D‡¤§ mvjvgvn (ivwhqvj−vû ÔAvbnv) nÕ‡Z ewY©Z ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)
e‡jb,
M6FHe I MM( MFM I!HUH$ MHI"H_ I M8H$ H?(YFIYCM( H?J$FIMH$ R̀MMJ_ IAJIH,M) JKM8IMI-Y Y9N"F>
M H2 HHO IAYBJ,FCHUY" HH$H_ F7 H YM M JHO M]MMCM( M F{M I M I FHM( MAF,M I!HUH$
gÂF,I-Y Y6M(M gIX,M; M H2 IX,M;
Ô†Zvgv‡ì Dci A‡bK kvmK wbhy³ n‡e| hv‡ì †Kvb KvR †Zvgiv
cm›` Ki‡e Ges †Kvb KvR Acm›` Ki‡e| G¶‡Y †h e¨w³ D³
Ab¨vq Kv‡Ri cÖwZev` Ki‡e, †m `vwqZ¡gy³ n‡e| Avi †h e¨w³ Zv
Acm›` Ki‡e, †m (gybv‡dKx †_‡K) wbivc` _vK‡e| wKš‘ †h e¨w³
Zv‡Z mš‘ó _vK‡e I Zvi AbymiY Ki‡e| G mgq QvnvexMY ej‡jb,
Avgiv wK H kvmK‡ì wei“‡× hy× Kie bv? ivm~j (Qvt) ej‡jb, bv|
hZ¶Y Zviv QvjvZ Av`vq K‡i| bv, hZ¶Y Zviv QvjvZ Av`vq
K‡iÕ|25 ivm~j (Qvt) AviI e‡jb, IAJXUM& Q7 J,MM( IAYBXUM& IAFBIHF> (jH_
ÔGgZve¯’vq Zv‡ì nK Zv‡ì `vI Ges †Zvgv‡ì nK Avj−vn&i Kv‡Q
PvIÕ|26
Dc‡i ewY©Z `yB Ae¯’v‡ZB Ôag©wbi‡c¶Zvev`Õ GKwU wb‡iU Kzdix
gZev`| Bmjv‡gi mv‡_ Gi Av‡cv‡li †Kvb my‡hvM †bB|
25. gymwjg nv/1854, kviûm mybœvn nv/2459; wgkKvZ nv/3671|

26. eyLvix nv/7052; gymwjg nv/1843; wgkKvZ nv/3672 Ô†bZ…Z¡ I c`gh©v`vÕ
Aa¨vq|
Contents
ag©wbi‡c¶Zvev` I MYZš¿ ( Q/R6

) :
ag©wbi‡c¶Zvi mv‡_ MYZš¿ A½vw½fv‡e RwoZ| ag©wbi‡c¶ gZev`
cÖ_‡g gymjgvb‡K Cgv‡bi MÊxgy³ K‡i| AZtci MYZš¿ Zv‡K
gvby‡li †Mvjvg evbvq| AZtci †m Avj−vn&i mš‘wó ev` w`‡q gvby‡li
gb¯‘wó‡K AMÖvwaKvi †`q| hv Zv‡K Rvnvbœv‡gi w`‡K wb‡q hvq|27
MYZš¿ I ag©wbi‡c¶Zvev`‡K hw` GKwU gvKvj d‡ji mv‡_ Zzjbv
Kiv hvq, ZvnÕ‡j MYZš¿ nÕj Dc‡ii †Lvmv Ges ag©wbi‡c¶Zvev` nÕj
wfZ‡ii mvik~b¨ Ask| †Lvmv Dëv‡jB ag©wbi‡c¶Zvi `yM©Ü †ewi‡q
Avm‡e| †mKviY MYZ‡š¿i i‡_ P‡o †Kvb Bmjvgx `j ¶gZvq †M‡j
cvðvZ¨ Zv‡K ÔgWv‡iUÕ (bgbxq) e‡j ¯^vMZ Rvbvq| †Kvb mvgwiK
†bZv ¶gZvq †M‡jI Zv‡K †g‡b wb‡Z wØav K‡i bv| KviY ¶gZvq
wM‡q ag©wbi‡c¶ bxwZ‡ZB Zviv †`k Pvjv‡e| Avi GUvB nÕj cvðv‡Zï
gyL¨ D‡Ïk¨| wKš‘ hw` wecyj Rbmg_©b wb‡q †Kvb Bmjvgx †bZv
¶gZvq hvb, ZvnÕ‡j Zuv‡K miv‡bvi meiKg Pµvš— Zviv K‡i _v‡K|
msN‡l©i cÖavb w`Kmg~n (IJD S. IT< &U
P) :
c„w_ex‡Z gvby‡li Rb¨ Avj−vn&i g‡bvbxZ me©‡kl Øxb nÕj ÔBmjvgÕ
(Av‡j Bgivb 3/19) Ges BmjvgB eZ©gvb c„w_ex‡Z GKgvÎ Gjvnx ag©|
hv gvbe Rxe‡bi mKj w`K I wefv‡M †n`vqv‡Zi m‡e©vËg
Av‡jvKewZ©Kv ¯îƒc| d‡j Kw_Z Ab¨vb¨ a‡g©i mv‡_ Bmjvg‡K Zzjbv
Kiv evZzjZv gvÎ| AZGe cÖPwjZ wLªóvb a‡g©i Ac~Y©Zv I Zv‡ì
ag©hvRK‡ì evovevwoi cÖwZev‡` m„ó Ôag©wbi‡c¶Õ gZev` Bmjv‡gi
wei“‡× cÖ‡qvM Kiv gvivZ¥K Ab¨vq| eis GUvB ev¯—e †h, Kw_Z
Amv¤cÖ`vwqK I ag©wbi‡c¶ ivóª¸wj‡Z gymjgv‡bivB me‡P‡q †ekx
wbh©vwZZ Ges BmjvgB Zv‡ì cÖavb Uv‡M©U|28 wb‡gœ Bmjv‡gi mv‡_
cÖPwjZ ag©wbi‡c¶Zvev‡ì msN‡l©i cÖavb w`Kmg~n D‡j−L Kiv nÕj|-
27. G wel‡q cvV Ki“b, gvbbxq †jL‡Ki ÔBmjvgx †LjvdZ I †bZ…Z¡ wbe©vPbÕ
eB| -cÖKvkK|
28. G wel‡q cvV Ki“b, gvbbxq †jL‡Ki ÔD`vË AvnŸvbÕ eB| -cÖKvkK|
Contents
(1) Bmjvg Avj−vn †cÖwiZ c~Y©v½ Rxeb weavb| gvby‡li Ava¨vwZ¥K I
êlwqK mKj wel‡qi †n`vqvZ G‡Z gIRy` i‡q‡Q| c¶vš—‡i
ag©wbi‡c¶Zvi g‡Z ag© gvby‡li e¨w³MZ e¨vcvi| AZGe Ava¨vwZ¥K
wel‡qi evB‡i êlwqK I mvgvwRK e¨vcv‡i a‡g©i †Kvb Avek¨KZv
†bB|
(2) Bmjv‡gi g‡Z mve©‡fŠg ¶gZvi gvwjK n‡jb Avj−vn| AvBb I
weavb`vZvI wZwb| cvj©v‡g‡›Ui m`m¨MY †mB AvB‡bi ev¯—evqb
Ki‡eb gvÎ| cÖ‡qvR‡b D³ AvB‡bi AbyK‚‡j AviI weavb iPbv
Ki‡eb| wKš‘ Avj−vn&i AvB‡bi cÖwZK‚‡j †Kvb AvBb iPbvi AwaKvi
Zv‡ì †bB| Avi Ki‡jI ÔAvgxiÕ ev †cÖwm‡W›U Zv evwZj Ki‡eb|
c¶vš—‡i ag©wbi‡c¶Zvi g‡Z RbMYB mve©‡fŠg ¶gZvi Drm|
cvj©v‡g‡›U RbM‡Yi wbe©vwPZ msL¨vMwiô `jB †mB mve©‡fŠg ¶gZv
cÖ‡qvM K‡i| ZvivB Zv‡ì †Lqvj-LykxgZ AvBb iPbv Ki‡e| GLv‡b
Avj−vn&i AvB‡bi cÖ‡ekvwaKvi †bB| d‡j RvZxq msm‡ì †Kvb wm×vš—
Avj−vn&i AvB‡bi we‡ivax n‡jI †mUv Zv‡ì `„wó‡Z †Kvb Ab¨vq bq|
†Kbbv G¸‡jv êlwqK e¨vcvi| Zv‡Z †cÖwm‡W‡›Ui †f‡Uv †ÌqviI
GLwZqvi †bB| RbcÖwZwbwa‡ì AwaKvs‡ki ivq GLv‡b m‡e©v”P
AMÖvwaKvi cv‡e, Avj−vn&i AvBb bq|
(3) Bmjv‡gi g‡Z b¨vq-Ab¨v‡qi gvb`Ê nÕj KziAvb I mybœvn|
ag©wbi‡c¶Zvi g‡Z H gvcKvwV nÕj gvby‡li Ávb| `j ev `jxq
†bZvi wm×vš—, General Will-Gi bv‡g Party Will ev RvZxq
msm‡ì wm×vš— wKsev Av`vj‡Zi ivqB †mLv‡b P~ovš— m‡Zï
gvcKvwV|
(4) ag©wbi‡c¶Zvi cÖavb j¶¨ nÕj gvbe Rxeb †_‡K ag©‡K wbe©vmb
†Ìqv| c¶vš—‡i Bmjv‡gi cÖavb j¶¨ nÕj gvbe Rxeb‡K Bmjv‡gi
weavb †gvZv‡eK M‡o †Zvjv|
(5) ag©wbi‡c¶Zv gvby‡li Rxeb‡K wef³ g‡b K‡i| c¶vš—‡i Bmjvg
gvbe Rxe‡bi wewfbœ w`K I wefvM‡K AwefvR¨ g‡b K‡i|
Contents
ag©wbi‡c¶ AvK¡x`vi cwiYwZ (

= / B
) :
(1) GB `k©b gymwjg Rxeb‡K Øxb I `ywbqv `yÕfv‡M wef³ K‡i
w`‡q‡Q| A_P Zv c„_K nÕ‡jI wef³ bq| †hgb nvZ I cv c„_K
nÕ‡jI Zv †`n †_‡K wew”Qbœ bq| AZGe Øxb I `ywbqv `yÕwUB gywgb
Rxe‡bi Awe‡”Q`¨ Ask| GwU bv eySvi Kvi‡YB wn›`y-†eŠ×-wLªóvb‡ì
gZ gymjgvb‡ì g‡aÏ GKUv myweavev`x agx©q †kªYx M‡o D‡V‡Q|
hvivB †Kej ÔØxb`viÕ wnmv‡e RvZxq I Avš—R©vwZKfv‡e cwiwPwZ jvf
K‡i‡Q| A_P GwU gvivZ¥K åvwš—|
(2) ag©wbi‡c¶ AvK¡x`v †cvl‡Yi d‡jB gymjgv‡biv Lykx g‡b Zv‡ì
ivR‰bwZK, A_©‰bwZK Z_v êlwqK Rxe‡b Bn~`x-bvQviv‡ì iwPZ
Kzdix AvB‡bi †Mvjvgx Ki‡Q| GB gZev` cÖPvi K‡iB Bs‡iRiv cÖvq
`yÕ‡kv eQi a‡i kvmbkw³ nviv fviZxq gymjgvb‡ì‡K e¨w³ Rxe‡b
agx©q ¯^vaxbZvi mvš—¡bv w`‡q ivR‰bwZK †Mvjvgxi k„sL‡j Ave× K‡i
†i‡LwQj| AvRI bvgKvIqv‡¯— †fŠMwjK ¯^vaxbZv G‡jI Ges kZKiv
90 fvM gymjgv‡bi †`k nIqv m‡Ë¡I evsjv‡`k Bs‡iR‡ì †i‡L
hvIqv Z¡vM~Zx AvB‡b kvwmZ n‡”Q Ges AvBb I wePvi wefvM mn cÖvq
me©‡¶‡Î cvðv‡Zï †Mvjvgx K‡i hv‡”Q| Zv‡ì †i‡L hvIqv AvB‡bB
Avgv‡ì †Rj-duvm n‡”Q| †h AvB‡b Av‡Liv‡Z gyw³i †Kvb j¶¨
wba©vwiZ †bB|
(3) GB AvK¡x`v †cvl‡Yi d‡j GKRb gymjgvb Zvi Ava¨vwZ¥K Rxe‡b
Avj−vn&i AvBb I êlwqK Rxe‡b gvbe iwPZ AvB‡bi †Mvjvgx K‡i| hv
cwi®‹vifv‡e wki‡Ki ch©vqfy³ (dziK¡vb 25/43-44)|
(4) GB AvK¡x`v †cvl‡Yi d‡j GKRb cv°v gyQj−xI êlwqK Rxe‡b
nvivg-nvjv‡ji †Zvqv°v K‡i bv| Zvi Øxb Zvi `ywbqvex Rxe‡bi Dc‡i
†Kvb cÖfve †d‡j bv| m~`-Nyl, Ryqv-jUvix, Kv‡jvevRvix, gIRy``vix
mewKQzB Zvi wbK‡U wm× e‡j MY¨ n‡e| †Kbbv GmeB Zvi `„wó‡Z
†mªd `ywbqvex e¨vcvi| †hLv‡b a‡g©i †Kvb cÖ‡ekvwaKvi †bB|
(5) ag©wbi‡c¶ `k©‡bi Dc‡i wek¦vm ¯’vc‡bi d‡j gymjgvbiv
Bmjvg‡K Ac~Y© I †m‡K‡j fve‡Z ïi“ K‡i‡Q| A_P Bmjvg nÕj
Contents
c~Y©v½ Rxeb weavb (gv‡q`vn 5/3) Ges Zv wK¡qvgZ ch©š— gvbeRvwZi
Rb¨ Avj−vn&i g‡bvbxZ GKgvÎ ØxbÕ (Av‡j Bgivb 3/19)|
ag©wbi‡c¶ `k©b I Bmjvgx `k©‡bi ev¯—e djvdj
( .JD6
W&W V B !)
1920 mv‡ji Rvbyqvix gv‡m Av‡gwiKvi wm‡bU Ôg`¨ wbeviK AvBbÕ
(Prohibition law) cvk K‡i| wKš‘ 1933 mv‡ji wW‡m¤^‡i D³
AvBb evwZj K‡i| GB AvBbwU Kvh©Ki Ki‡Z wM‡q †PŠÏ eQ‡i 200
†jvK wbnZ nq| 5 jvL 34 nvhvi 335 Rb Kvivi“× nq| 1 †KvwU
60 cvDÊ Rwigvbv Kiv nq Ges 40 †KvwU 40 jvL cvDÊ g~‡jï
m¤úwË ev‡hqvd&Z nq| GZØ¨ZxZ D³ AvBbwU Kvh©Ki Ki‡Z 14
eQ‡i gvwK©b RvwZ‡K †h wecyj e¨qfvi enb Ki‡Z n‡qwQj, Zvi
†gvUvgywU cwigvY 65 †KvwU cvDÊ e‡j D‡j−L Kiv n‡q‡Q|
Anti Saloon League bvgK GKwU ms¯’v K‡qK eQi a‡i cÎ-
cwÎKv, e³…Zv-wee„wZ, cÖPvicÎ, QvqvQwe, bKkv-wPÎ Ges Ab¨vb¨
eûwea Dcv‡q Av‡gwiKvb‡ì gb-gM‡R g‡ì AcKvwiZv‡K e×g~j
K‡i †èvi †Póv K‡iwQj| Abygvb Kiv nq †h, Av‡›`vj‡bi m~Pbv
†_‡K 1925 mvj ch©š— ïay Zv‡ì cÖPviKv‡h©B e¨q n‡q‡Q mv‡o Qq
†KvwU Wjvi Ges g‡ì AcKvwiZv wel‡q cÖKvwkZ eB-cyw¯—Kvi c„ôv
msL¨v wQj cÖvq mv‡o bqkÕ †KvwUi gZ| wKš‘ †kl ch©š— Ôwek¦-
BwZnv‡mi GB e„nËg ms¯‹vi cÖ‡PóvÕ wbõj cÖwZcbœ nq| KviY GB
wb‡lavÁv hZw`b KvMRc‡Î I Dc‡`‡ki g‡a¨ mxwgZ wQj, ZZw`b
gvwK©b RvwZ Zv‡K mg_©b K‡iwQj| wKš‘ hLbB Zv ev¯—evqb Ki‡Z
hvIqv nÕj, ZLbB Zviv g` nviv‡bvi f‡q cvMjcviv n‡q DV‡jv|
d‡j †PŠÏ eQi c~‡e© Zviv †hUv‡K wbwl× †NvlYv K‡iwQj, ZvivB Zv‡K
cybivq wm× Kij|
wbwl× †NvlYvi c~‡e© Av‡gwiKvq g` †PvjvB‡qi Aby‡gvw`Z †`vKv‡bi
msL¨v wQj 400| wKš‘ wbwl× †NvlYvi ci gvÎ 7 eQ‡ii g‡a¨
79,437 Rb KviLvbv gvwjK‡K †MÖdZvi Ges 93,831wU g‡ì
Contents
†`vKvb ev‡hqvd&Z Kiv nq| GwU wQj me©‡gvU KviLvbv I †`vKv‡bi

GK `kgvsk gvÎ| Av‡M hv wQj kni †Kw›`ªK, GLb Zv MÖv‡g-M‡Ä
me©Î Qwo‡q coj| Abygvb Kiv nq †h, GB mgq gvwK©b RvwZ eQ‡i
Ab~¨b 20 †KvwU M¨vjb g` cv‡b Af¨¯— n‡q c‡o| AZ¨waK g`¨cv‡bi
d‡j Zv‡ì ¯^v¯’¨ †f‡½ c‡o| †Kej wbDBqK© kn‡iB wbwl× †NvlYvi
c~‡e© †hLv‡b g`¨ cv‡b †ivMvµv‡š—i msL¨v wQj 3741 Rb I g„‡Zi
msL¨v wQj 252 Rb| †mLv‡b wbwl× Kivi c‡i 1926 mv‡j
†ivMvµv‡š—i msL¨v ùvovq 11 nvhv‡i Ges g„Zz¨ eiYKvixi msL¨v mv‡o
mvZ nvhv‡i DbœxZ nq| GZØ¨ZxZ †`‡k Pzwi-WvKvwZ, wQbZvB-
ivnvhvwb, †hbv-e¨wfPvi, mg‰g_yb, cys‰g_yb, Ryqv, mš¿vm, nZ¨vKvÊ
BZ¨vw` mKj cÖKvi Aciv‡ai msL¨v KíbvZxZfv‡e †e‡o hvq| d‡j
1933 mv‡j Av‡gwiKvi Crime Council-Gi WvB‡i±i K‡Y©j †gvm
(Col. Moss) e‡jb, ÔeZ©gv‡b Av‡gwiKvi cÖwZ wZb R‡b GKRb
†ckv`vi Acivax| AwaKš‘ Avgv‡ì GLv‡b nZ¨vKv‡Êi Aciva
kZKiv mv‡o wZbkÕ fvM †e‡o wM‡q‡QÕ|
Gev‡i †`Lyb c„w_exi Ab¨ †Mvjv‡a©i Av‡iKwU mgvR wPÎ| †PŠÏkÕ
eQi c~‡e© AÜKvi hy‡M wPiKvj g`¨cv‡b Af¨¯— Avie RvwZ Bmjvg
MÖnY Kivi c‡i hLb g`¨cvb wbwl× nIqvi Bjvnx wb‡`©k jvf Kij29
m‡½ m‡½ Zviv webv evK¨ e¨‡q Zv cwiZ¨vM Kij| gy‡L †bIqv g‡ì
cvÎ Quy‡o †d‡j w`j, †KD Mjvq Av½yj XywK‡q ewg K‡i w`j| wbR
nv‡Z g‡ì fvÊ †f‡½ Muywo‡q w`j| g`xbvi Awj-Mwj‡Z g‡ì †mªvZ
e‡q †Mj| †KejgvÎ †Nvl‡Ki GKwU †NvlYv, IdMLY& I!HO MI8MuG X?F> H2H_
Ômveavb! g` wbwl× n‡q‡QÕ| e¨m Zv‡ZB g`xbv †_‡K g` wejyß
nÕj|30 fwel¨‡Z †KD g` †L‡j Zv‡ì Rb¨ kvw¯— †NvlYv Kiv nÕjÕ|31
29. evK¡vivn 2/219; wbmv 4/43; gv‡q`vn 5/90|

30. eyLvix nv/4620; gymwjg nv/1980; Beby KvQxi, m~iv gv‡q`vn 90 Avqv‡Zi
Zvdmxi `ªóe¨|
31. eyLvix nv/6776; gymwjg nv/1706; wgkKvZ nv/3614-16 Ô`Êwewamg~nÕ
Aa¨vq Ôg`¨ cv‡bi kvw¯—Õ Aby‡”Q`|
Contents
Dc‡i `yÕwU mgvRwPÎ Zz‡j aiv nÕj| GKwU L„óxq wesk kZvãxi cÖ_g
w`‡Ki AvaywbK mf¨ZvMe©x Av‡gwiKvi| Ab¨wU L„óxq mßg kZvãxi
cÖ_gv‡a© g`xbvq Bmjvgx kvm‡bi m~PbvKv‡ji| hLbKvi gvbyl bvix I
g‡` Pzi n‡q _vKZ| Aviex fvlvq †Kej g‡ìB AvovBkÕ kã wQj|
G‡ZB eySv hvq, g` Zv‡ì mgvR Rxeb‡K wKfv‡e MÖvm K‡iwQj|
A_P †mB g‡` Af¨¯— †jvK¸wj‡K g` †_‡K wdiv‡bvi Rb¨ †Kvb
cÖPviYv Pvjv‡bv nqwb| Anti saloon league-Gi b¨vq †Kvb mwgwZ
MVb K‡i cÖPvi-cÖcvMvÊv eveZ GKwU cqmvI e¨q Kiv nqwb|
†Kvbiƒc hei`w¯— ev A¯¿kw³ cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z nqwb| g‡ì AcKvwiZv
eySv‡bvi Rb¨ mfv-mwgwZ, †mwgbvi-wm‡¤úvwRqvg ev hyw³Z‡K©i
AeZviYv Ki‡Z nqwb| c¶vš—‡i AvaywbK mf¨Zvi †K›`ª¯’j e‡j L¨vZ
Av‡gwiKv G e¨vcv‡i †kvPbxqfv‡e e¨_© nÕj| Gi Aš—wb©wnZ KviY
Zvjvk Ki‡j ag©wbi‡c¶Zv I Bmjv‡gi ga¨Kvi wb‡gœv³ †gŠwjK `yÕwU
cv_©K¨ dz‡U DV‡e| †hgb-
(1) ag©wbi‡c¶Zvi g‡Z gvby‡li cvw_©e wewa-weavb wbf©i K‡i
m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c Zv‡ì †Lqvj-Lykxi Dc‡i| ZvB †QvU-eo mKj e¨vcv‡iB
Zv‡ì‡K RbM‡Yi m¤§wZ wb‡Z nq| †Kbbv Rxeb cwiPvjbvi Rb¨
†Kvb ¯’vqx gvb`Ê Zv‡ì Kv‡Q †bB| d‡j Zvi Ávb I AwfÁZv AvR
hv‡K mwVK ej‡Q, Kvj Zv‡KB †ewVK ej‡Q| GKvi‡YB †PŠÏ eQi
c~‡e© †h gvwK©b RvwZ g` wbwl‡×i c‡¶ gZ w`‡qwQj, c‡i ZvivB Zvi
wec‡¶ MY‡Rvqvi m„wó Kij| ejv evûj¨, GLv‡bB nÕj MYZ‡š¿i
e¨_©Zv| †hLv‡b mwVK-†ewVK hvB-B †nŠK, AwaKvs‡ki ivqB P~ovš—|
GLv‡b ûRyMB gvb`Ê| hv GKwU Rsjx gZev` Qvov wKQzB bq|
c¶vš—‡i Bmjv‡gi i‡q‡Q GKwU wPi mZ¨ I my`„p gvb`Ê| hv gvby‡li
Ava¨vwZ¥K I êlwqK Rxe‡bi †QvU-eo cÖvq mKj welq wbqš¿Y I
cwiPvjbv K‡iÕ|32 GZØ¨ZxZ hyM-wRÁvmvi Reve Zv‡K BRwZnv‡ì
gva¨‡g wba©viY Ki‡Z nq|33 †mLv‡b †Kvb gywg‡bi Rb¨B wbR¯^
32. BDbym 10/3, 31; ivÔ` 13/2; mvR`vn 32/5|

33. wbmv 4/82; gynv¤§v` 47/24; eyLvix nv/7352; gymwjg nv/1716; wgkKvZ
nv/3732 ÔwePviKvh© cwiPvjbv I Zv‡Z mveavbZvÕ Aby‡”Q`|
Contents
GLwZqv‡ii †Kvb my‡hvM †bB (Avnhve 33/36)| †bB KziAvb-nv`x‡Qi

Dc‡i ÔAwaKvs‡ki ivqÕ ev Kvi“ wbR¯^ ivq Pvwc‡q †Ìqvi AwaKvi
(AvbÔAvg 6/116)| d‡j hLbB Zv‡K g` nviv‡gi wb‡`©k ïbv‡bv n‡q‡Q,
ZLbB †m Zv cvjb K‡i‡Q webv evK¨ e¨‡q Lykx g‡b ciKvjxb gyw³i
¯^v‡_©|
(2) ag©wbi‡c¶ gZev` Rxeb cwiPvjbvq I weavb cÖ`v‡b Avj−vn&i
mve©‡fŠg ¶gZvq wek¦vmx bq| d‡j Zv‡ì cy‡iv RxebUvB cwiPvwjZ
nq cÖe„wËc~Rv I †¯^”QvPvwiZvi wfwË‡Z| c¶vš—‡i Bmjvg gvbyl‡K
me©v‡MÖ Avj−vn&i mve©‡fŠg‡Z¡i Dc‡i Ges ciKv‡j RIqvew`wnZvi Dc‡i
Cgvb Avbvi AvnŸvb Rvbvq| ZvInx`, wimvjvZ I Av‡LivZ GB wZbwU
g~j wfwËi Dc‡i Cgvb Avbvi mv‡_ mv‡_ Gjvnx weavbmg~‡ni AvbyMZ¨
Kiv gywg‡bi Dc‡i Acwinvh© n‡q c‡o| ZvB g` †Kb Zvi PvB‡Z
†jvfbxq †Kvb e¯‘ GgbwK cÖvY wemR©b w`‡ZI †m wcQcv nq bv|
ZvInx` wek¦v‡mi djvdj ( # = /; =X) :
G wek¦v‡mi dj wnmv‡e gywg‡bi mvivwU Rxeb `„p wfwËi Dc‡i cÖwZwôZ
_v‡K| nvhv‡iv So-SÅvq Zvi RxebZix j¶¨Pz¨Z nq bv| G w`‡K
Bw½Z K‡iB Avj−vn Bmjv‡g wek¦vmx I Awek¦vmx e¨w³i Zzjbv w`‡q‡Qb
GKwU cweÎ e„¶ I GKwU AcweÎ e„‡¶i mv‡_ (Beivnxg 14/24-26)|
†hLv‡b wZwb e‡jb, (1) cweÎ e„¶wUi KvÊ nq gheyZ (A_©vr Zvi
Cgvb nq `„p) (2) e„¶wU _v‡K AveR©bvgy³ I cwi”Qbœ| (3) e„¶wUi
kvLvmg~n _v‡K AvKv‡ki w`‡K avegvb (A_©vr gywg‡bi mrKg©mg~n
me©`v Avj−vn&i w`‡K avweZ nq)| (4) cweÎ e„‡¶i dj me©`v DcKvix
(A_©vr gywg‡bi K_v I Kg© me©ve¯’vq Kj¨vYKi)| (5) e„¶wU me©`v
`„pwfwËi Dci ùvwo‡q _v‡K (A_©vr Avj−vn&i Dc‡i wek¦vm I Zvi
Dc‡i fimvq gywgb me©`v `„p _v‡K)|
c¶vš—‡i (1) AcweÎ e„‡¶i KvÊ nq fvmgvb| (2) (`ywbqvex ¯^v‡_©i)
AveR©bv Øviv `yó| (3) Zvi kvLvmg~n _v‡K wbgœgyLx (A_©vr Zvi
Kg©dj `ywbqv‡ZB _v‡K| Avj−vn&i wbK‡U Keyj nq bv)| (4) Zvi dj
Contents
me©`v ¶wZKi (A_©vr Zvi K_v I Kg© me©ve¯’vq KcU I AKj¨vYKi)|
(5) e„¶wU me©`v boe‡o (A_©vr †m `ywbqv‡Z _v‡K m‡›`n I Awek¦v‡mi
†`vjvq †`v`yj¨gvb Ges Ke‡i nq jv-RIqve)| Avj−vn e‡jb,
`7 zKFSYM( F4MF hF$M( MI"j! F4MM:G hF$ FdFXy FIHUGF IYM< M IFWX `7 YdL*HyY
gM IF8FXs
ÔAvj−vn gywgb‡ì `„p evK¨ (Kv‡jgv kvnv`vZ) Øviv ghe~Z iv‡Lb
BnKvjxb Rxe‡b I ciKv‡j (Ke‡i) Ges mxgvjsNbKvix‡ì c_åó
K‡ib| e¯‘Zt Avj−vn hv Pvb ZvB K‡ibÕ (Beivnxg 14/27)|
D³ Avqv‡Z wk¶Yxq welq GB †h, Ávb-weÁv‡b gvbyl hZB DbœwZ
Ki“K, Avj−vn&i Dc‡i `„p Cgvb I Zuvi weav‡bi cÖwZ ev¯—‡e
AvbyMZ¨kxj bv nIqv ch©š— gvbyl cÖK…Z gvby‡l cwiYZ nÕ‡Z cv‡i bv
Ges wb‡Ri eêvnxb cÖe„wËi †Mvjvgx †_‡K †m gy³ nÕ‡Z cv‡i bv| d‡j
mgv‡R kvwš— I w¯’wZkxjZv Kv‡qg nÕ‡Z cv‡i bv|
gymjgvb‡ì AatcZ‡bi KviY (K&- Y+5 *) :
A‡b‡K †LjvdZ nviv‡bv Z_v ivR‰bwZK civRq‡K g~j KviY e‡jb|

wKš‘ Avgiv g‡b Kwi Gi g~j KviY nÕj gymjgvb‡ì Cgvb nviv‡bv
Ges Bmjvg †_‡K m‡i hvIqv| ZvInx` I wki‡Ki cv_©K¨ bv eySv
Ges Bmjvg‡K †mªd wKQz AvPvi me©¯^ Øxb g‡b Kiv| Avgv‡ì wk¶v
cÖwZôvb¸wj‡Z Bmjv‡gi †gŠj AvK¡x`v wel‡q Lye KgB wk¶v †Ìqv
nq| d‡j wkw¶Z mgvR cvðv‡Zï Mij †mªv‡Z †f‡m P‡j‡Q| hvi
cwiYwZ‡Z bvgavix gymwjg‡ì hevb I Kjg w`‡q me©`v Kzdix Kvjvg
†ei n‡”Q| Zviv Kzdix ms¯‹…wZ jvjb Ki‡Q| hvi djkÖ“wZ‡Z Zviv
Kzdix AvB‡b kvwmZ n‡”Q| ZvB AvR me‡P‡q eo cÖ‡qvRb Bmjvg‡K
Rvbv I †mw`‡K wd‡i Avmv| ZvnÕ‡j üZ m¤§vb I kw³ mewKQz wd‡i
Avm‡e BbkvAvj−vn|
Contents
Avnjyj nv`xQ I Avnjyi ivq-Gi ivR‰bwZK `k©b

(Z [O6 \2C [O & W&W)
evsjv‡`‡ki gymjgvbMY `yÕwU `k©‡b wef³| (1) cweÎ KziAvb I Qnxn
nv`x‡Qi Av‡jv‡K hviv Rxeb cwiPvjbv K‡ib, Zviv ÔAvnjyj nv`xQÕ ev
ÔAvn‡jnv`xQÕ bv‡g cwiwPZ| (2) c~e©myix †Kvb weØv‡bi iwPZ wdK¡nx
DQ~j ev eënvwiK AvBbm~‡Îi Av‡jv‡K hviv Rxeb cwiPvjbv K‡ib,
Zviv ÔAvnjyi ivqÕ ev ÔnvbvdxÕ bv‡g cwiwPZ|
Dfq `k©bB ag©wbi‡c¶Zvev‡ì we‡ivax| wKš‘ Df‡qi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q
†gŠwjK `k©bMZ cv_©K¨| Avn‡jnv`xQMY mKj wel‡q Awn-i weavb‡K
P~ovš— e‡j wek¦vm K‡ib Ges gvbexq Ávb‡K Zvi e¨vL¨vKvix I mn‡hvMx
g‡b K‡ib| eënvwiK †¶‡Î Zuviv ZvK¡jx`cš’x dK¡xn I KÆicš’x
hv‡nix (LITERALIST) Df‡qi gaëZ©x c_ Aej¤^b K‡ib|
c¶vš—‡i Avnjyi ivqMY mKj †¶‡Î gvhnvex AvK¡v‡q` I wdK¡‡ni
ZvK¡jx` K‡ib Ges eënvwiK I AvBb iPbvi †¶‡Î Zv‡ì
c~e©myix‡ì iwPZ DQ~‡j wdK¡‡ni AbymiY K‡ib| D`vniY ¯îƒc : (1)
evsjv‡`‡ki Avnjyi ivq nvbvdx gvhnv‡ei AwaKvsk Av‡j‡gi wbK‡U
ÔAvj−vn wbivKviÕ Ges †klbex Ôgynv¤§v` (Qvt) b~‡ii ˆZixÕ| (2) Zviv
Zv‡ì Abym„Z gvhnvex wdK¡‡ni cÖwZ Ges wbR gvhnv‡ei Bgvg I
ZixK¡vi cx‡ii cÖwZ AÜ ZvK¡jx` jvjb K‡ib I gvhnve gvb¨ Kiv‡K
ÔdihÕ ev Acwinvh© e‡jb| d‡j wbi‡c¶fv‡e Qnxn nv`x‡Qi weavb
gvb‡Z Zviv A‡bK †¶‡Î e¨_© nb| (3) gvhnvex AvbyM‡Zï Kvi‡Y
Zviv Qnxn nv`xQ †gvZv‡eK QvjvZI Av`vq Ki‡Z cv‡ib bv| GgbwK
KziAvbx weavbI gvb‡Z cv‡ib bv|
†hgb (K) 1961 mv‡j cvwK¯—v‡bi †cÖwm‡W›U AvBq~e Lvb (1907-
1974 L„.) GK gRwj‡m wZb ZvjvK‡K wZb ZvjvK ev‡qb MY¨ Kivi
we`ÔAvZx Zvjv‡Ki e`‡j wZb ZvjvK‡K wZb gv‡m †Ìqvi KziAvbx
weavb (evK¡vivn 2/228) Rvwi K‡ib| Avn‡jnv`xQMY D³ AvBb mg_©b
K‡ib| wKš‘ nvbvdx ivR‰bwZK I ag©xq `j¸wj Gi wei“‡× Zxeª
Contents
Av‡›`vjb K‡i| hwÌ AvBq~e Lvb Zv gv‡bbwb Ges AvRI Zv‡ì
we‡ivwaZv m‡Ë¡I evsjv‡`‡k D³ cvwievwiK AvBb Pvjy Av‡Q| hv eû
gymwjg `¤úwZ‡K mv¶vr fv½‡bi nvZ †_‡K i¶v K‡i‡Q|
(L) 2001 mv‡ji 1jv Rvbyqvix evsjv‡`‡ki nvB‡KvU© nvbvdx mgv‡R
cÖPwjZ Ôwnj−vÕ weevn‡K A‰ea †NvlYv K‡ib Ges H mv‡_ mKj cÖKvi
drIqv cÖ`vb‡K †e-AvBbx †NvlYv K‡ib| d‡j nvbvdx gvhnvefy³
mKj Bmjvgx `j Gi wei“‡× †mv”Pvi nb| hwÌ GK gRwj‡m wZb
ZvjvK‡K wZb ZvjvK MY¨ Kiv KziAvbx wb‡`©k34-Gi we‡ivax Ges Zvi
g›` cwiYwZ‡Z Ôwnj−vÕ weev‡ni bv‡g Rv‡njx hy‡Mi †bvsiv cÖ_v‡K wm×
Kiv ¯úófv‡eB Qnxn nv`x‡Qi we‡ivax|35 ÔAvn‡jnv`xQ Av‡›`vjb
evsjv‡`kÕ wnj−v weev‡ni wei“‡× nvB‡Kv‡U©i †Ìqv ivq‡K mg_©b
K‡i| wKš‘ G‡K ARynvZ K‡i mKj cÖKvi drIqv cÖ`vb‡K †e-AvBbx
†NvlYvi cÖwZev` K‡i|36
D‡j−L¨, †h Igi (ivt)-Gi †`vnvB w`‡q GK gRwj‡m wZb ZvjvK‡K
wZb ZvjvK ev‡qb MY¨ Kiv n‡q‡Q, wZwbB GRb¨ jw¾Z n‡q `ytL
cÖKvk K‡iwQ‡jb|37 Gi Øviv wZwb †P‡qwQ‡jb †hb gvby‡li g‡a¨
Zvjv‡Ki cÖeYZv K‡g hvq| wKš‘ Zv nqwb| †mRb¨ wZwb K‡Vvifv‡e
ûgwK w`‡q ej‡Zb, M8YBY8I M M X2> Y9H \KX,M:Y H2M( KF:Y8F MC(J_ H2 ÔAvgvi
Kv‡Q †Kvb wnj−vKvix cyi“l I bvix‡K Avbv nÕ‡j Avwg Dfq‡K iRg
Kie (A_©vr eyK ch©š— gvwU‡Z cuy‡Z cv_i †g‡i gv_v dvwU‡q nZ¨v
34. evK¡vivn 2/229; ZvjvK 65/1|

35. Y9H HKX,M:Y8GM( HKr,M:Y8G gA,( 9,) 7 ,;g F7 JYM M MH `v‡igx nv/2258;
bvmvC nv/3416; wZiwghx nv/1119-20; Beby gvRvn nv/1934-35; wgkKvZ
nv/3296 ÔweevnÕ Aa¨vq ÔwZb ZvjvKcÖvßvÕ Aby‡”Q`; e½vbyev` nv/4062| G
wel‡q cvV Ki“b, gvbbxq †jL‡Ki ÔZvjvK I ZvnjxjÕ eB| -cÖKvkK|
36. `ªt gvwmK AvZ-ZvnixK, ivRkvnx, 4_© el© 5g msL¨v, †deª“qvix 2001 c„t
42; ˆ`wbK msMÖvg I ˆ`wbK BbwKjve, XvKv 14, 15B Rvbyqvix 2001|
37. Bebyj K¡vBwqg, BMvQvZzj jvndvb (Kvq‡iv : `vi“Z ZzivQ 1403/1983)
1/276 c„t|
Contents
Kie)Õ| Avãyj−vn Beby Igi (ivt) ej‡Zb, IAJHeMIH_ IH YH[L- MkFH
IAJH,XMH YM8Y) Ôwnj−v Kiv e¨wfPvi| hw` †Zvgv‡ì‡K Igi †c‡Zb,
ZvnÕ‡j iR‡gi kvw¯— w`‡ZbÕ|38 wZwb ej‡Zb, H,M) &H[F HWM
j!YM" NJe
MAX,MM( F9IH,M) `7 X,M; F7 FYM F!IBM) Ôivm~j (Qvt)-Gi hvgvbvq Avgiv
wnj−v Kiv‡K e¨wfPvi MY¨ KiZvgÕ|39 GgbwK Zviv Gfv‡e wek eQi
GK‡Î emevm Ki‡jI|40
GQvovI Dcgnv‡`‡k Pvjy i‡q‡Q cxic~Rv I Keic~Rv mn nvhv‡iv
iK‡gi wkiKx I we`ÔAvZx img-†iIqvR| hvi cÖvq me¸wjB a‡g©i
bv‡g ivóªxq c„ô‡cvlKZv †c‡q _v‡K Ges ivR‰bwZK `j¸wj Gme‡K
Zv‡ì †fv‡Ui cyuwR wnmv‡e eënvi K‡i| A_P Bmjv‡gi mv‡_ Gm‡ei
`~iZg †Kvb m¤úK© †bB| d‡j †`‡ki AvBb iPbv I Zv cÖ‡qv‡Mi
†¶‡Î Dfq `k©‡bi msNvZ Aek¨¤¢vex|
G‡¶‡Î wgj‡bi GKUvB c_ †Lvjv i‡q‡Q| †mUv nÕj, gvhnvex
ZvK¡jx` cwiZ¨vM K‡i mvjv‡d Qv‡jnxb I gynv‡ÏQx‡bi gvmjvK
Abymi‡Y KziAvb I nv`x‡Qi e¨vL¨v Kiv Ges mKj wel‡q wKZve I
mybœv‡Zi m‡e©v”P AMÖvwaKvi‡K †g‡b †bIqv| Avn‡jnv`xQ Av‡›`vjb hyM
hyM a‡i G c‡_B D¤§Z‡K AvnŸvb Rvwb‡q G‡m‡Q Ges AvRI †m
AvnŸvb Ae¨vnZ †i‡L‡Q| Zv‡ì ivR‰bwZK `k©b nÕj, m„wóKZ©v
Avj−vn&i weavb Abyhvqx m„wó‡K cwiPvwjZ KivÕ| Zv‡ì j¶¨ nÕj,
cweÎ KziAvb I Qnxn mybœvn&i Av‡jv‡K mgvR I ivóª MVb I cwiPvjb|
38. gyQvbœvd Beby Avex kvqevn nv/17363, 17365, mb` Qnxn; Avjevbx,
BiIqv nv/1898, 6/311; evqnvK¡x nv/13969, 13968, 7/208|
39. nv‡Kg nv/2806, 2/199 c„t, mb` Qnxn; BiIqv nv/1898|
40. BiIqv nv/1898-Gi Av‡jvPbv, 6/311 c„t| `yt‡Li welq, Gi wecix‡Z ejv
n‡q‡Q †h, Ônu¨v, k‡Z© Ave× bv nBqv hw` †Kn cÖ_g ¯^vgxi DcKviv‡_© weevn
K‡i Ges c‡i Qvwoqv †`q, Zvnv‡Z †m cyY¨ jvf Kwi‡e| nv`xQ Zvnvi cÖwZ
cÖ‡hvR¨ b‡nÕ (e½vbyev` †gkKvZ kixd nv/4062-Gi e¨vL¨v, 6/323 c„t)|
gš—e¨ wb®cÖ‡qvRb|
Contents
ag©wbi‡c¶Zvev‡ì Kzdj (
9 ] & B !) :
ag©wbi‡c¶Zvev‡ì cÖavb Kzdj nÕj gvbyl‡K `ywbqvme©¯^ ¯^v_©ci Rx‡e
cwiYZ Kiv| GB gZev‡ì g~j K_vwU wb‡gœi ev‡K¨ wbwnZ i‡q‡Q|-
Religion should not be allowed to come into politics. It is
merely a matter between man and god. (Ôag©‡K ivRbxwZi
A½‡b cÖ‡ekvwaKvi †Ìqv DwPZ bq| GwU gvbyl I Ck¦‡ii g‡a¨Kvi
GKwU (Ava¨vwZ¥K) welq gvÎÕ)|
e„wUk †ewbqv `vk©wbK‡ì wkLv‡bv Ôag©wbi‡c¶Zvev`Õ bvgK GB
gZev`wU mvdj¨RbK fv‡e Pvjy Kivi d‡jB mvgªvRëv`x Bs‡iRiv
m`¨ kvmbnviv gymwjg kw³‡K n‡Zv`¨g Ki‡Z Ges 190 eQi hver
evsjv‡`k mn cyiv fviZel©‡K my`xN©Kvj hver kvmb Ki‡Z m¶g
n‡qwQj| eZ©gv‡b Dcgnv‡`‡k gymwjg msL¨vMwiô K‡qKwU ¯^vaxb †`k
_vKv m‡Ë¡I †mLv‡b ivóªxqfv‡e Bmjv‡gi ivR‰bwZK I A_©‰bwZK
w`K¸wj Pvjy bv _vKvi Ab¨Zg cÖavb KviY nÕj Dc‡iv³ gZev`|
d‡j gymwjg †`‡k emevm K‡iI Avgiv A‰bmjvgx AvB‡b kvwmZ nw”Q|
c„w_ex‡Z cÖ‡Z¨KwU †`k Zv‡ì RbM‡Yi jvwjZ AvK¡x`v-wek¦vm Ges
K…wó I ms¯‹…wZ †gvZv‡eK ivóªxq AvBb eë¯’v M‡o Zz‡j I †mB Abyhvqx
Zv cwiPvwjZ nq| wKš‘ `yf©vM¨ gymwjg †`k¸wji Rb¨ †h, GB
†`k¸wji kvmb eë¯’vq Zv‡ì wbR¯^ Zvnhxe I ZvgvÏy‡bi cÖwZdjb
†bB| eis †`‡ki msweav‡bi cÖwZwU c„ôvq I Q‡Î A‰bmjvgx kvmb
`k©‡bi †Mvjvgxi †Pnviv cÖKUfv‡e dzwU‡q †Zvjv n‡q‡Q| Rv‡njx
Avi‡ei Kv‡diivI †hLv‡b Avj−vn&i bv‡g kc_ wbZ, †mLv‡b Avgv‡ì
†`‡ki gymwjg Gg.wc-gš¿xivI Avj−vn&i bv‡g kc_ †bb bv|41
41. †cÖwm‡W›U, cÖavbgš¿x, cÖavb wePvicwZ I msm` m`m¨mn mK‡ji †¶‡Î

msweav‡b GKB kc_evK¨ eënvi Kiv n‡q‡Q †h, ÔAvwg mkª×wP‡Ë kc_ (ev
`„pfv‡e †NvlYv) Kwi‡ZwQ †h, ...Õ| wKš‘ Kvi bv‡g kc_ KiwQ, †mK_v ejv
nqwb| `ªt MYcÖRvZš¿x evsjv‡`‡ki msweavb, Z…Zxq Zdwmj, 148 Aby‡”Q`,
kc_ I †NvlYv c„t 146|
Contents
Z_vKw_Z D`viZvev‡ì †`vnvB †c‡o ivóªxq †¶‡Î Ôag©wbi‡c¶Zvev`Õ

bvgK D³ gZev`wUi cÖPjb NUv‡bv n‡q‡Q| hvi g~j K_vB nÕj ivóªxq
†¶‡Î †Kvb agx©q AvBb Pj‡e bv, eis cvj©v‡g‡›Ui ¸wUK‡qK ¸Yx ev
wb¸©Y m`m¨ wKsev mvgwiK wW‡±Ui †cÖwm‡W›U wb‡Ri †Lqvj-LykxgZ hv
AvBb K‡i †`‡eb, †mUvB †`‡ki AvBb e‡j †g‡b wb‡Z n‡e|
c„w_ex‡Z Bmjvg e¨ZxZ Ab¨ hZ¸wj ag© i‡q‡Q, Kvi“ wbK‡U Avj−vn
†cÖwiZ Aåvš— ivóª`k©b ev A_©‰bwZK †n`vqvZ gIRy` †bB| ZvB GK_v
wbwØ©avq ejv hvq †h, Ôag©wbi‡c¶ZvÕi D³ gZev`wU g~jZt
Bmjvg‡KB gymjgv‡bi ivR‰bwZK I A_©‰bwZK Rxeb †_‡K †ei K‡i
w`‡q Avš—R©vwZK Kzdix P‡µi †Mvjvgxi whÄx‡i Ave× Kivi Rb¨
duv`¯îƒc ˆZix Kiv n‡q‡Q|
GB `k©‡bi gvivZ¥K Kzdj wnmv‡e gymjgvb Zvi ag©xq Rxe‡b Bmjvgx
weavb I êlwqK Rxe‡b gvby‡li gbMov weavb gvb¨ K‡i| Avi
Gfv‡eB †m wb‡Ri Ávb I cÖe„wË‡K Bjvn-Gi Avm‡b emvq| GB
`k©‡bi djkÖ“wZ wnmv‡e Avgv‡ì †bZviv ivRbxwZi g‡Â ùvwo‡q
†mv”Pvi K‡É wkiKx Kvjvg D”PviY K‡i e‡jb, ÔRbMYB mve©‡fŠg
¶gZvi DrmÕ, ÔAwaKvs‡ki ivqB P~ovš—Õ| GKB Kvi‡Y m~`wfwËK
nvivgx A_©bxwZ ivóªxqfv‡e Pvjy Ki‡Z Ges †`kevmx‡K B”Qvq-
Awb”Qvq nvivg‡Lvi evbv‡ZI Avgv‡ì gymwjg †bZv‡ì Aš—i Avj−vn&i
f‡q cÖKw¤úZ nq bv, †h‡nZz G¸wj êlwqK e¨vcvi| G‡Z Avj−vn&i
†Kvb weavb gvbv Pj‡e bv|
c¶vš—‡i hviv †`‡ki ivR‰bwZK I êlwqK e¨vcvi wb‡q gv_v Nvgvb bv
eis mviv eQi we`ÔAvZx `vIqv‡Z Ny‡i †eovb I eQ‡i GKw`b
ÔAv‡Lix gybvRv‡ZÕ jv‡Lv gvby‡li Xj bvgvb,42 wKsev Avjxkvb
42. ÔAv‡Lix gybvRvZÕ bv‡g cwiwPZ `je× gybvRvZ GKwU we`ÔAvZx cÖ_v gvÎ|
g°vi gvmwR`yj nviv‡g, g`xbvi gmwR‡` beex‡Z ev n‡¾i gq`v‡b †Kv_vI
Gi †Kvb Aw¯—Z¡ †bB| GB ai‡bi gybvRv‡Z AvZ¥ wb‡e`‡bi PvB‡Z ÔwiqvÕ _v‡K
†ekx| nv`x‡Q GKvKx gybvRv‡Zi K_v G‡m‡Q, `je× gybvRvZ bq| AZGe G
†_‡K weiZ _vKv KZ©e¨|
Contents
LvbK¡v‡n e‡m gvÔ‡idv‡Zi meK †`b, wKsev evwl©K Iim-CQv‡j
QIqve I cÖvZ¨wnK bhi-†bqv‡hi ˆ`wbK e¨vjvÝ wnmve Kivq m`v e¨¯—
_v‡Kb, ZuvivB G‡`‡k avwg©K I Øxb`vi e‡j L¨vZ| Rvwbbv Guiv
†klbex gynv¤§v` (Qvt) I Zuvi gnvb LjxdvMY‡K ÔØxb`viÕ ej‡eb bv
Ô`ywbqv`viÕ ej‡eb!
evsjv‡`‡k ag©wbi‡c¶Zvev` (^2TJ!' ?
) :
MYZš¿, ag©wbi‡c¶Zvev`, mgvRZš¿ I ev½vjx RvZxqZvev`, GB Pvi
g~jbxwZi wfwË‡Z evsjv‡`‡ki cÖ_g msweavb iwPZ nq 1972 mv‡j|
hwÌ G PviwU g~jbxwZ cÖ_‡g wQj bv| c‡i fviZxq msweavb †_‡K
G‡b †hvM Kiv n‡q‡Q| 1975 mv‡ji b‡f¤^‡i Ôag©wbi‡c¶ZvÕ ev`
w`‡q †mLv‡b ÔAvj−vn&i Dc‡i wek¦vmÕ ms‡hvRb Kiv nq| AviI c‡i
1988 mv‡ji 9B Ryb Bmjvg‡K Ôivóªag©Õ Kiv nq| wKš‘ Gi †Kvb
cÖwZdjb ivóªxq Kg©Kv‡Ê †bB| ev¯—‡e GLb Pj‡Q MYZš¿,
ag©wbi‡c¶Zvev`, cuywRev` I RvZxqZvev`| hvi cÖwZwUB Bmjv‡gi
mv‡_ mvsNwl©K| d‡j Av‡Liv‡Z gyw³i j‡¶¨ bq, eis `ywbqvc~RvB
G‡`‡ki ivRbxwZi j‡¶¨ cwiYZ n‡q‡Q| hvi Kvi‡Y †`‡ki
µgea©gvb AatcZb Z¡ivwš^Z n‡”Q|
evsjv‡`‡k eZ©gv‡b `yÕai‡bi Av‡›`vjb Pj‡Q| Ôag©wbi‡c¶Õ I
ÔBmjvgxÕ| cÖ‡Z¨KwUB `yÕfv‡M wef³| ag©wbi‡c¶ `j¸wji cÖ_g fv‡M
i‡q‡Qb ZvivB, hviv ag©‡K e¨w³Rxe‡b gvb¨ K‡ib| wKš‘ êlwqK Z_v
ivR‰bwZK ev A_©‰bwZK Rxe‡b gvb¨ K‡ib bv| g~jZt GB `‡ji
†jvK msL¨vB evsjv‡`‡k †ekx| wØZxq fv‡M i‡q‡Qb ZvivB, hviv e¨w³
I êlwqK Dfq Rxe‡b ag©‡K A¯^xKvi K‡ib| Giv evgcš’x, bvw¯—K ev
Kgy¨wbó e‡j L¨vZ|
Bmjvgx `j¸wjI g~jZt `yÕfv‡M wef³| GK fvM gvhnvex ZvK¡jx‡ì
Abymvix| hv‡ì msL¨vB G‡`‡k †ekx| Zuviv wb‡R‡ì AvPwiZ gvhnve
I ZixK¡v Abyhvqx e¨w³ I êlwqK Rxe‡b Bmjvgx AvBb I kvmb Pvb|
Ab¨ fv‡M i‡q‡Qb ZuvivB hviv wbi‡c¶fv‡e cweÎ KziAvb I Qnxn
mybœvn Abyhvqx wb‡R‡ì e¨w³ I êlwqK Rxe‡b Bmjvgx AvBb I kvmb
Contents
Pvb| Gu‡ì‡K ÔAvn‡jnv`xQÕ ejv nq| Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e Gu‡ì msL¨v

Kg n‡jI we‡k¦i Ab¨vb¨ gymwjg †`‡ki Zzjbvq evsjv‡`‡k Gu‡ì
msL¨v me©vwaK|43
AvRKvj Bmjvgcš’x ivR‰bwZK `j¸wj ag©wbi‡c¶ `j¸wji m‡½
†RvU Kiv‡K ivm~j (Qvt)-Gi Ô†nv`vqweqvi mwÜÕ-i m‡½ Zzjbv
Ki‡Qb| A_P ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) †mw`b †Kvb Kzdix `k©b ev Z¡vM~Zx
weav‡bi mv‡_ Av‡cvl K‡ibwb| †Kej cÖwZc‡¶i AvcwËi Kvi‡Y
wb‡Ri bv‡gi †k‡l Ôivm~jyj−vnÕ kãwU †K‡U w`‡q Ôgynv¤§v` web
Avãyj−vnÕ wj‡L Kvwdi‡ì m‡½ mwÜ K‡iwQ‡jb| A_P Bmjvgx †bZvMY
ag©wbi‡c¶ miKv‡ii cvU©bvi n‡q Kzdix `k©b I AmsL¨ Z¡vM~Zx
weav‡bi mv‡_ Av‡cvl K‡i P‡j‡Qb| †mRb¨ ZuvivI ag©wbi‡c¶
`jfy³ e‡j MY¨ n‡eb|44 Zviv wek¦vmMZ Kzdix‡Z wjß bv nÕ‡jI
Kg©MZ Kzdix‡Z wjß n‡q‡Qb| d‡j Bmjv‡gi c‡¶ Ae¯’vb MÖn‡Yi
ˆbwZK mvnm I my‡hvM `yÕwUB Zviv nvwi‡q‡Qb| Av‡cvl Kivi ˆKwdqZ
wnmv‡e ivm~j (Qvt)-Gi †nv`vqweqvi mwÜi †`vnvB w`‡q Zviv cÖKvivš—
‡i ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)-Gi Dc‡i wg_¨v Acev` w`‡”Qb| d‡j Zviv
AwaKZi †Mvbv‡ni wkKvi n‡”Qb|
GLv‡b GKwU welq g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e †h, Bmjvgx weavb mwVK bv
†ewVK, Zv Kj¨vYKi bv AKj¨vYKi, †mwU Rvbvi Rb¨ Rbg‡Zi
cÖ‡qvRb †bB| KviY, GUvB †h gvbeZvi Kj¨v‡Y wK¡qvgZ ch©š—
me©‡kl I m‡e©v”P Kj¨vYweavb, †mK_v Avj−vn e‡j w`‡q‡Qb Ges
we‡k¦i mKj Ávbx-¸Yx gvbyl GKev‡K¨ Zv ¯^xKvi K‡i‡Qb| RbgZ
cÖ‡qvRb †Kej GRb¨ †h, †`kevmx wb‡R‡ì Kj¨v‡Yi Rb¨ G‡K MÖnY
43. eZ©gv‡b cÖvq wZb †KvwU e‡j Abygvb Kiv nq|

44. †Kbbv ivm~j (Qvt) e‡jb, Ô†h e¨w³ Rv‡nwjqv‡Zi w`‡K gvbyl‡K AvnŸvb
K‡i, †m e¨w³ Rvnvbœvgx‡ì `jfy³| hwÌ †m wQqvg cvjb K‡i, QvjvZ
Av`vq K‡i Ges aviYv K‡i †h †m GKRb gymwjgÕ (Avngv` nv/17209;
wZiwghx nv/2863; wgkKvZ nv/3694)| wZwb AviI e‡jb, †h e¨w³ †h KI‡gi
mv`„k¨ Aej¤^b Ki‡e, †m e¨w³ (wK¡qvg‡Zi w`b) Zv‡ì `jfy³ n‡eÕ
(Avey`vE` nv/4031; wgkKvZ nv/4347 Ô†cvlvKÕ Aa¨vq; e½vbyev` nv/4153;
Qnxûj Rv‡gÔ nv/2831)|
Contents
I ev¯—evq‡bi †Póv Ki‡e wK-bv? †hgb gZvgZ cÖ‡qvRb nq †ivMx Zvi
Av‡iv‡Mï Rb¨ Jla Lv‡e wK-bv?
RbgZ I MYZš¿‡K GK g‡b Kivi Dcvq †bB| †Kbbv cÖPwjZ
MYZ‡š¿ †Kej RbgZ hvPvB nq bv, eis weavb cÖeZ©b I cwieZ©‡bi
¯^vaxbZv _v‡K| Bmjvg RbgZ‡K ¸i“Z¡ w`‡q‡Q| wKš‘ weavb
cwieZ©‡bi AbygwZ †`qwb| †hgb †ivMxi Jla LvIqv bv LvIqvi
GLwZqvi i‡q‡Q| wKš‘ Jla cwieZ©‡bi AbygwZ †bB|
AZGe evwZ‡ji m‡½ Av‡cvl K‡i bq, evwZ‡ji gyKvwejv K‡iB G
c‡_ cv evov‡Z n‡e| GRb¨ me©v‡MÖ cÖ‡qvRb me©Î GK`j m‡PZb I
wb‡ew`ZcÖvY Kgx©evwnbx MVb Kiv| e¨vcK RbgZ I kw³kvjx
msMV‡bi gva¨‡gB †Kej †`‡ki ivRbxwZ I A_©bxwZi cwieZ©b I
ms¯‹vi mvab Kiv m¤¢e| cÖK…Z Avn‡jnv`xQMY me©`v †mc‡_B gvbyl‡K
AvnŸvb Rvwb‡q _v‡Kb|
A‡b‡Ki aviYv, B‡jKkb KivUvB ivRbxwZ| Gi evB‡i ivRbxwZ nq
bv| A_P GUv gvivZ¥K fyj aviYv| †Kbbv ivRbxwZi g~j welqwU nj,
GKwU wbw`©ó AvK¡x`v-wek¦v‡mi c‡¶ RbgZ M‡o †Zvjv| msMwVZ
RbgZB Rbkw³‡Z cwiYZ nq| hvi gva¨‡g †`‡ki ivRbxwZ-A_©bxwZ
meB cwiewZ©Z n‡q hvq|
evsjv‡`k mn Dcgnv‡`‡ki A‡bK eo eo ivR‰bwZK †bZv Rxe‡b
KL‡bv B‡jKkb K‡ibwb ev Gg.wc-gš¿x nbwb| A_P ZuvivB †`‡ki
ivRbxwZ‡K cwieZ©b I wbqš¿Y K‡i‡Qb| eZ©gvb hy‡M †gqv` wfwËK I
cÖv_©xwfwËK †fvUvfywUi MYZš¿ mvgªvRëv`x kw³ mg~‡ni cvZv‡bv duv`
gvÎ| Gi d‡j mgv‡R m„wó nq Pig A‰bK¨, wek„sLjv I nvbvnvwb|
ZvQvov Gi gva¨‡g we‡`kx kw³ wewfbœ †`‡k Zv‡ì ekse` †jvK‡ì
¶gZvq emv‡bvi my‡hvM wb‡q _v‡K| GKgvÎ Bmjvgx ivRbxwZ I
cÖv_©xwenxb †bZ…Z¡ wbe©vPb c×wZi g‡a¨B mvgvwRK HK¨ I w¯’wZkxjZv
eRvq _v‡K Ges †`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv †`kx I we‡`kx kw³i nvgjv †_‡K
Avj−vn&i ing‡Z wbivc` _v‡K|45
45. G wel‡q cvV Ki“b, gvbbxq †jL‡Ki ÔBmjvgx †LjvdZ I †bZ…Z¡ wbe©vPbÕ
eB| -cÖKvkK|
Contents
H‡Kï mgm¨v mg~n I Zv mgvav‡bi cÖ¯v— e

(`# ? aVM6 T_D [>.)
evsjv‡`k c„w_exi Z…Zxq e„nËg gymwjg ivóª nÕ‡jI GLvbKvi RbM‡Yi
g‡a¨ cÖavbZt PviwU `k©‡bi msNvZ i‡q‡Q, hv BwZc~‡e© ewY©Z n‡q‡Q|
A_©vr (1) ag©xq I êlwqK Dfq Rxe‡b ag©nxb| (2) ag©xq Rxe‡b
¯^vaxb| êlwqK Rxe‡b ag©nxb| (3) Dfq Rxe‡b gvhnvex kvmb Pvb|
(4) Dfq Rxe‡b KziAvb I mybœvn&i wbi‡c¶ kvmb Pvb| G¸wjB Avevi
AmsL¨ ivR‰bwZK I agx©q `j-Dc`‡ji Rb¥ w`‡q‡Q| hv‡ì
ci¯ú‡ii g‡a¨ `jxq AnwgKv I †ilv‡iwl GZ †ekx †h, †Kvb GKwU
†gŠwjK Bmy¨‡ZI Zv‡ì‡K GK n‡q KvR Ki‡Z †`Lv hvq bv| d‡j
†`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv I mve©‡fŠgZ¡ Ges RvZxq Dbœq‡bi †gŠwjK cÖ‡kœ †hgb
ag©wbi‡c¶ `j¸wj GKK `„wófw½‡Z Avm‡Z cv‡iwb, Bmjvgx kvmb
cÖwZôvi †gŠwjK cÖ‡kœI †Zgwb Bmjvgx `j¸wj GKK `„wófw½‡Z
Avm‡Z cv‡iwb|
GLv‡b RvZxq H‡Kï Rb¨ †gŠwjKfv‡e `yÕwU c_ Avgv‡ì Rb¨ †Lvjv
i‡q‡Q| 1- †`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv I mve©‡fŠgZ¡ Ges RvZxq Dbœqb| 2-
Bmjvgx kvmb cÖwZôv| `yÕwUB Cgvbx cÖkœ Ges RbgZ hvPvB Ki‡j
wbtm‡›`‡n Dc‡iv³ `yÕwU cÖ‡kœ G‡`‡ki AwaKvsk RbM‡Yi ivq cvIqv
hv‡e| AZGe †`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv I mve©‡fŠgZ¡ ¶zYœKvix wfZi I evB‡ii
†h‡Kvb Pvc I ewntkw³i wei“‡× `jgZ wbwe©‡k‡l mKj‡K HKë×
_vK‡Z n‡e| GKBfv‡e RvZxq Dbœqb wewNœZ nÕ‡Z cv‡i, Giƒc
hveZxq Kg©m~Pxi wei“‡× mevB‡K HK¨g‡Z †cuŠQ‡Z n‡e| ¯^vaxbZvi
c‡¶i I wec‡¶i kw³ e‡j †`‡ki RbMY‡K wef³ Kiv hv‡e bv|
mv‡_ mv‡_ niZvj-Ae‡iva, Mvox fvsPzi, †evgvevwR, mš¿vm I
ˆbivR¨Ki cwiw¯’wZ m„wói gva¨‡g RvZxq Dbœqb e¨vnZKvix hveZxq
Kg©KvÊ wbwl× K‡i AvBb cÖYqb Ki‡Z n‡e I Zv K‡Vvifv‡e ev¯—
evqb Ki‡Z n‡e|
Contents
wØZxqZt Bmjvgx kvmb cÖwZôv| Avgiv g‡b Kwi, Bmjvgx AvBb
cÖwZôvi †gŠwjK cÖ‡kœ Bmjvgx `j¸wji †bZ…e„›` ci¯ú‡i mnbkxj
n‡eb| Zuv‡ì c¶ nÕ‡Z GKwU Ôwe‡klÁ KwgwUÕ _vK‡e| hviv Bmjvgx
AvB‡bi iƒc‡iLv wK n‡e Ges wewfbœ †gŠwjK Bmy¨‡Z HKë× f~wgKv
wKfv‡e ivLv hv‡e, †m wel‡q Zviv wbqwgZ êV‡Ki gva¨‡g Kg©cš’v
wba©viY Ki‡eb| GKB mv‡_ Zv‡ì GKwU Ôwjqv‡Ruv KwgwUÕ _vK‡e,
hviv me©`v ag©wbi‡c¶ `j¸wji †bZ…e„‡›ì mv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM ivL‡eb I
Zv‡ì‡K Bmjvgx AvB‡bi Kj¨vYKvwiZv wek`fv‡e eySv‡Z †Póv
Ki‡eb| Gi d‡j mKj `‡ji g‡a¨ H‡Kï cwi‡ek m„wó n‡e|
wb‡`bc‡¶ cvi¯úwiK ivR‰bwZK mnbkxjZv eRvq _vK‡e| hv
mvgvwRK w¯’wZkxjZvq f~wgKv ivL‡e Ges RvZxq Dbœqb‡K Z¡ivwš^Z
Ki‡e BbkvAvj−vn|
gywg‡bi KiYxq ($.,- @6) :
cÖwZwôZ †Kvb miKv‡ii wei“‡× hy× Kiv Bmjv‡gi bxwZ bq| Z‡e
Bmjvg we‡ivax ûKzg gvb‡Z †Kvb gymwjg bvMwiK eva¨ bq| AZGe
Agymwjg ev dv‡mK gymwjg miKvi Dfq kvmbvg‡j gywg‡bi KiYxq
n‡e- (1) †`‡k Bmjvgx weavb cÖwZôvi Rb¨ Bmjvgx cš’vq me©vZ¥K
cÖ‡Póv Pvjv‡bv| (2) êafv‡e Ab¨v‡qi cÖwZev` Kiv| (3) wewfbœ
Dcv‡q miKvi‡K bQxnZ Kiv I Zvi fvj Kv‡Ri cÖksmv Kiv| (4)
miKv‡ii †n`vqv‡Zi Rb¨ †`vÔAv Kiv| (5) P~ovš— Ae¯’vq hv‡jg
miKv‡ii wei“‡× Avj−vn&i wbK‡U Kzb~‡Z bv‡hjvn cvV Kiv|
GKRb gywgb †hLv‡bB emevm Ki“b, me©`v Zvi wRnv`x †PZbv A¶zYœ
ivL‡Z n‡e| ÔAvgi wej gvÔiƒd I bvwn Avwbj gybKviÕ (Av‡j Bgivb
3/110) Z_v Ôb¨v‡qi Av‡`k I Ab¨v‡qi wb‡laÕ-Gi g~jbxwZ †_‡K
wZwb gyn~‡Z©i RbÏ weiZ _vK‡Z cvi‡eb bv| GRb¨ Zv‡K wbiš—i
`vIqvZ I ms¯‹vi cÖ‡Póv Pvwj‡q †h‡Z n‡e GKKfv‡e I
msMwVZfv‡e| RvgvÔAvZe× Rxeb-hvc‡bi Rb¨ kixÔAv‡Z K‡Vvi
wb‡`©k G‡m‡Q| †m wnmv‡e Bmjvgx msMVbmg~n miKv‡ii †h‡Kvb
Contents
A‰bmjvgx Kg©Kv‡Êi wei“‡× BQjv‡ni D‡Ï‡k¨ Pvc cÖ`vbKvix ms¯’v

(Pressure Organization) wnmv‡e KvR Ki‡eb| Gfv‡eB mgv‡R
µ‡g ¯’vqx cwieZ©b Avm‡e BbkvAvj−vn| wKš‘ †Kvb Ae¯’v‡ZB
A‰bmjvgx kvm‡bi mn‡hvMx nIqv hv‡e bv|
eZ©gv‡b A‡bK Bmjvgx wPš—vwe` cwiw¯’wZi †`vnvB w`‡q Ges Ôeo
¶wZi e`‡j †QvU ¶wZ eiY KiviÕ ( MMNS jMH_) bxwZi Av‡jv‡K
ag©wbi‡c¶ kvm‡bi mn‡hvMx nIqv‡K ÔRv‡qhÕ ej‡Qb| †KD
ÔBmjv‡gi w`‡K ûKzgZ‡K wdwi‡q Avbvi k‡Z©Õ G‡K ÔIqvwReÕ
ej‡Qb| wKš‘ Avgiv bexM‡Yi Rxe‡b Gi wecixZUvB †`‡LwQ| Zuviv
evwZj mgv‡R emevm K‡iI KL‡bv evwZ‡ji m‡½ Av‡cvl K‡ibwb|
Zviv mgvR cwieZ©‡bi †Póvq evievi wbh©vwZZ n‡q‡Qb, wnRiZ
K‡i‡Qb, A‡b‡K wbnZ n‡q‡Qb| Avgv‡ì bex (Qvt) evwZj †bZv‡ì
KvQ †_‡K †bZ…‡Z¡i †Uvcmn bvbvwea †jvfbxq cÖ¯v— e †c‡q‡Qb| wKš‘
wZwb Zv MÖnY K‡ibwb| Ae‡k‡l wZwb eva¨ n‡q †`k †_‡K wnRiZ
K‡i‡Qb|
Avgiv wK ZvnÕ‡j ag©wbi‡c¶ GKUv †Pqv‡ii Rb¨ Bmjvg‡K Kzievbx
†è? Avi GB Kv‡R †bZv-Kg©x‡ì Rvb-gvj DrmM© Kiv I niZvj-
Ae‡iva, nZ¨v-mš¿vm, Mvox fsPzi BZ¨vw` AcKg©‡K †bKxi KvR g‡b
Kie? GUv †Zv wbwðZ †h, Z¡vM~Z‡K cÖZ¨vL¨vb Kiv e¨ZxZ ZvInx`
cÖwZôv KL‡bvB m¤¢e bq| ZvnÕ‡j †Kvb hyw³‡Z Z¡vM~‡Zi m‡½ Av‡cvl
n‡e? Avgiv wK ZvnÕ‡j `ywbqvi ¯^v‡_© Av‡LivZ nvive? Avj−vn †Zv
e‡jB w`‡q‡Qb, F4M(IYGF MkM-I8MI F!HUH$ F7F I FI.YM( FcJPX+F IJ[GM I M8H$
gÂF,M) ^]F8M `7M( MBH M3M5F[I" H2 HUGbYG Ô†h e¨w³ Z¡vM~Z‡K cÖZ¨vL¨vb
Ki‡e I Avj−vn‡Z wek¦vm ¯’vcb Ki‡e, †m `„pgywô‡Z aviY Ki‡e Ggb
GK my`„p nvZj, hv fv½evi bq| Avj−vn me©‡kªvZv I me©ÁÕ (evK¡vivn
2/256)| Avgiv g‡b Kwi bexM‡Yi ZixKvB Avgv‡ì Rb¨ gyw³i c_|
Gi evB‡ii †Kvb c‡_ Bmjvg cÖwZwôZ n‡e bv| BwZg‡a¨ hviv D³
ZixKv †Q‡o Av‡cv‡li ZixKv †e‡Q wb‡q‡Qb wKsev mk¯¿ wec−‡ei c_
a‡i‡Qb, Zviv Pigfv‡e e¨_© n‡q‡Qb| hvi bhxi Avgv‡ì mvg‡bB i‡q‡Q|
Contents
AvaywbK wPš—vwe`MY hw` †Kvb Bmjvgx †`‡k Bmjvgx msweav‡bi
Aax‡b cvj©v‡g›U B‡jKk‡b cÖv_©x nIqv‡K Rv‡qh ev IqvwRe e‡jb,
†mUvI mwVK n‡e bv| †Kbbv Bmjvgx msweav‡b †KejgvÎ weP¶Y
wbe©vPK‡ì gva¨‡gB cÖv_©x wenxbfv‡e GKRb weP¶Y Bmjvgx ¸Yvejx
m¤úbœ †hvM¨ e¨w³ ÔAvgxiÕ wbe©vwPZ nÕ‡Z cv‡ib| AZtci mvaviY RbMY
Zv‡K mg_©b Ki‡eb| ÔAvgxiÕ †hvM¨ e¨w³‡ì ga¨ †_‡K wb‡Ri Rb¨
mxwgZ msL¨K GKwU gRwj‡m k~iv g‡bvbqb w`‡eb| †hfv‡e †`‡ki
wePvicwZ, †hjv cÖkvmK cÖgyL e¨w³MY miKvi KZ…©K g‡bvbxZ n‡q
_v‡Kb| RbMY Zv‡ì wbe©vwPZ K‡i bv|
AvRKvj ag©wbi‡c¶ ivóª¸wj‡Z A‡bK mgq gymwjg bvgavix e¨w³‡ì
†cÖwm‡W›U ev gš¿x c‡` †`Lv hvq| G¸wj Cgvb`vi RbMY‡K †auvKv
†Ìqvi Rb¨B Kiv nq| eis GivB Bmjvgx `vIqv‡Zi me‡P‡q eo
evav wnmv‡e MY¨ n‡q _v‡Kb| A‡bK mgq †`Lv hvq, Bmjvgx †bZvivB
Bmjv‡gi me‡P‡q †ekx ¶wZ K‡ib| Zviv Ab¨ Bmjvgx †bZv‡ì
wbg~j
© Kivi †PóvI K‡ib| ZvB Bmjvg cÖwZôvi Rb¨ Bmjvgx RbgZ
kZ©| ZvQvov FF H[G FKY N F M L! HWM
Y!LM.YH Q7 X?F> ÔAvj−vn Aek¨B
(A‡bK mgq) dv‡mK-dv‡Ri †jvK‡K w`‡q GB Øxb‡K mvnvh¨ K‡i
_v‡KbÕ|46 AZGe Avgv‡ì `vwqZ¡ nÕj mva¨gZ Bmjv‡gi Dci `„p I
RvgvÔAvZe× _vKv Ges weï× Bmjv‡gi w`‡K gvbyl‡K `vIqvZ
†Ìqv| mgv‡R G‡K weRqx Kivi ev ¶gZvq AwawôZ Kivi `vwqZ¡
Avj−vn&i| ÔwZwbB ivRvwaivR| wZwb hv‡K Lykx Zv‡K kvmb ¶gZvq
AwawôZ K‡i _v‡KbÕ (Av‡j Bgivb 3/26)|
AZGe hw` †KD mgvR cwieZ©‡bi gnvb cÖ‡Póvq `„p †_‡K wbnZ nb
ev weQvbvq g„ZzëiY K‡ib, wZwb Avj−vn&i wbK‡U knx`x gh©v`v jvf
Ki‡eb| †hgb ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) Gikv` K‡ib, H4MMBN Q7 HHwM I M
F9FiMF$ H,M) McM G?F>M( FRM!MBj HFMM `7 Y9MX,M \I!F5F Ô†h e¨w³ Avj−vn&i
46. eyLvix dvrûj evix mn nv/3062, 4202-03|
Contents
wbK‡U Lv‡jQ Aš—‡i kvnv`vZ Kvgbv K‡i, Avj−vn Zv‡K knx`M‡Yi ¯—

‡i †cuŠ‡Q †`b, hwÌ †m weQvbvq g„ZzëiY K‡iÕ|47 wZwb e‡jb, I M
^!IFBMi MYBH$ F7 FKIF*M F$ McM I MM( ^!IFBMi MYBH$ F7 FKIF*M F$ HKFJO Ô†h e¨w³
Avj−vn&i iv¯—vq wbnZ nq, †m knx` Ges †h e¨w³ Avj−vn&i iv¯—vq
g„ZzëiY K‡i, †m e¨w³ knx`Õ|48 wZwb AviI e‡jb, mËzi Rb
wbKUvZ¥x‡qi Rb¨ Zvi mydvwik Keyj Kiv n‡e|49
GKwU ûuwkqvix (9 *!) :
Ebwesk kZ‡Ki gvSvgvwS‡Z Pigcš’x Ôag©wbi‡c¶ gZev`Õ cÖPj‡bi
wKwÂ`waK kZel© c‡i wgmi I fvi‡Zi gvwU‡Z Bmjv‡gi bv‡g cvëv
Av‡iK Pigcš’x gZev‡ì Rb¥ nq| GB gZev`wU cyiv Bmjvg‡KB
ivRbxwZ MY¨ K‡i Ges †mB `„wó‡Z Bmjv‡gi Bev`Zmg~n‡K wePvi
K‡i| GB gZev`wUi cwi®‹vi e³e¨ nÕj : ÔØxb Avm‡j ûKzg‡Zi bvg|
kixÔAvZ H ûKzg‡Zi Kvb~b gvÎ| Avi Bev`Z nj H Kvb~b I weav‡bi
AvbyMZ¨ Kivi bvgÕ| GB gZev` Abyhvqx ÔQvjvZ-wQqvg, n¾-hvKvZ,
whKi-Zvmexn BZ¨vw` gvbyl‡K D³ Ôeo Bev`ZÕ Z_v ûKzgZ cÖwZôvi
Rb¨ cÖ¯‘ZKvix Abykxjbx ev †Uªwbs‡Kvm© gvÎÕ|50
wesk kZvãxi ga¨fv‡M cÖPvwiZ D³ Pigcš’x `k©‡bi Abymvix `jwU
†hb‡Zb cÖKv‡iY ivR‰bwZK ¶gZv `Lj Kiv‡KB Ôeo Bev`ZÕ fve‡Z
ïi“ K‡i‡Q Ges Bmjv‡gi dih-IqvwRe Bev`Zmg~n‡K D³ eo
Bev`Z nvwQ‡ji Zzjbvq Ô†QvU-LvU welqÕ e‡j aviYv K‡i‡Q| GB `k©b
Øxb‡K `ywbqv nvwQ‡ji gva¨g iƒ‡c MY¨ K‡i‡Q| d‡j G‡Z Øxb I
47. gymwjg nv/1909; wgkKvZ nv/3808 ÔwRnv`Õ Aa¨vq; Avngv` nv/22169 nv`xQ
Qnxn|
48. gymwjg nv/1915; wgkKvZ nv/3811 ÔwRnv`Õ Aa¨vq|
49. wZiwghx nv/1663, Beby gvRvn nv/2799, wgkKvZ nv/3834|
50. Aveyj AvÔjv gI`~`x, ZvdnxgvZ (D`©~) 1/69, cÖKvkK : gviKvhx gvKZvev
Bmjvgx, w`j−x-6, Rvbyqvix 1979; `ªt †jLK cÖYxZ eB ÔBK¡vg‡Z Øxb : c_ I
c×wZÕ c„t 25; Ges ÔwZbwU gZev`Õ c„t 22|
Contents
`ywbqv `yÕwUB nvivevi m¤¢vebv i‡q‡Q| †Kbbv †h e¨w³ `ywbqvi Rb¨
`ywbqv K‡i, †m †Kej `ywbqv cvq| Avi †h e¨w³ Øx‡bi Rb¨ `ywbqv
K‡i †m e¨w³ Øxb I `ywbqv `yÕwUB cvq (k~iv 42/20)| wKš‘ †h e¨w³
`ywbqvi Rb¨ Øxb K‡i, †m e¨w³ Øxb-`ywbqv `yÕwUB nvivq (n¾ 22/11)|
Dc‡iv³ `k©‡bi Abymvixiv ¶gZvq hvIqvi ¯^v‡_© †nKg‡Zi †`vnvB
w`‡q †h‡Kvb myweavev`x bxwZ MÖnY K‡i _v‡Kb| hv A‡bK mgq
†mKz¨jvi‡ì Qvwo‡q hvq| wKš‘ G‡ì ¶gZvZš¿x `k©‡bi Abymvix
Ab¨vb¨ Pigcš’x Dc`j¸wj Zv‡ì fvlvq ÔmgvR †_‡K gqjv Qvd KiviÕ
gva¨‡g Bmjvgx ûKzgZ Kv‡qg Kivi j¶¨ wba©viY K‡i‡Q Ges Zv‡ì
we‡ivax g‡Zi †bZ…e„›`‡K nZ¨v I miKvi DrLvZ Kiv‡KB eo Bev`Z
†f‡e wb‡q‡Q| d‡j Bmjv‡gi bv‡g Zviv GLb Bmjvg‡KB nZ¨v
Ki‡Q|
A_P gywgb Rxe‡bi cÖavb j¶¨ nÕj ZvInx` cÖwZôv Kiv (k~iv 42/13)|
ZvInx` cÖwZôvi j‡¶¨ ivRbxwZ Ki‡j †mUv Bev`Z n‡e| †Kbbv
ivR‰bwZK kw³ c~Y©v½ ZvInx` cÖwZôvi Ab¨Zg cÖavb mnvqK kw³
nÕ‡Z cv‡i| hwÌ A‡bK mgq Zvi wecixZ n‡q _v‡K| wKš‘
ivR‰bwZK j‡¶¨ Øxb Ki‡j H ivRbxwZ cÖZviYv n‡e Ges Zv
†Mvbv‡ni KviY n‡e| †gvUK_v Øxb Kv‡q‡gi A_© nÕj e¨w³ I mgvR
Rxe‡b ZvInx` cÖwZôv Kiv, ûKzgZ cÖwZôv Kiv bq| Avi ZvInx`
cÖwZôvi Rb¨ ûKzgZ Kv‡qg Kiv kZ© bq, eis mnvqK gvÎ|
Dcmsnvi (bc) :
cwi‡k‡l eje †h, Bmjvg we‡ivax hveZxq gZev`, †hm‡ei AbymiY

gvbyl K‡i _v‡K I †hme gZev` cÖwZôvi Rb¨ gvbyl Zv‡ì Rvbgvj
e¨q Ki‡Q, Zv meB ÔRv‡nwjqvZÕ Ges åóZvi Drm| GKBfv‡e Bmjvg
cÖwZôvi Rb¨ Rv‡njx ZixKv †e‡Q †bIqvUvI Pig åóZv| wbtm‡›`‡n
Bmjvgx ZixKv‡ZB Bmjvg cÖwZwôZ n‡e, Z¡vM~Zx ZixKvq bq| whwb
Z¡vM~Z‡K cÖZ¨vL¨vb Ki‡eb I ZvInx` cÖwZôvq AvZ¥wb‡qvM Ki‡eb,
wZwb Avj−vn&i mvnvh¨ cv‡eb I Av‡Liv‡Z gyw³ cv‡eb BbkvAvj−vn|
Contents
G¶‡Y hviv Øxbx wel‡q gynv¤§v` (Qvt)-†K Ges `ywbqvex wel‡q Ab¨
KvD‡K AbymiYxq g‡b K‡ib, Zviv cÖK…Z cÖ¯v— ‡e `yB Rb ivm~j Kvgbv
K‡ib| A_P †klbex gynv¤§v` (Qvt)-Gi g‡a¨B i‡q‡Q Avj−vnfxi“
mrKg©kxj gvby‡li mvwe©K Rxe‡bi Rb¨ m‡e©vËg Av`k© (Avnhve 33/21)|
wZwb wek¦gvbeZvi Rb¨ †cÖwiZ GKgvÎ I me©‡kl ivm~j (mvev 34/28)|
Zuvi c‡i Avi †Kvb bex †bB| wZwbB †klbex (Avnhve 33/40)|51 wZwb
Rxe‡bi me©‡¶‡Î GK Avj−vn&i weavb †g‡b‡Qb Ges mKj‡K Zv gvb‡Z
wb‡`©k w`‡q †M‡Qb (BDbym 10/15)| A_P eû Ck¦iev`x‡ì gZ Avgiv
Rxe‡bi wewfbœ †¶‡Î wewfbœ e¨w³Z¡‡K m‡e©v”P Avm‡b ewm‡q kZ©nxb
AvbyMZ¨ †cvlY K‡i P‡jwQ I Zvi wcQ‡b Rvbgvj DrmM© KiwQ| G
wel‡q KziAv‡bi Ø¨_©nxb †NvlYv nÕj-
gF?IY*M
IH$ MoN@H$ ^!F&M( ^9F> MY
M8N"F> F IMGb F IMBF> I(JWFuNMC H2 `7 HHOM(
ÔAvj−vn ej‡jb, †Zvgiv `yBRb Bjvn MÖnY K‡iv bv| wbðqB Bjvn gvÎ
GKRb| AZGe †Zvgiv Avgv‡KB gvÎ fq KiÕ (bvnj 16/51)| wZwb
e‡jb, F9F$IM hF$ F IM*G,HO I F \KY MF `7 HKMM M ÔAvj−vn †Kvb gvby‡li Rb¨
Zvi ey‡Ki g‡a¨ `yÕwU ü`q m„wó K‡ibwbÕ... (Avnhve 33/4)| AZGe
Rxe‡bi †Kvb †¶‡Î Avj−vn&i AvbyMZ¨ Ges †Kvb †¶‡Î kqZv‡bi
AvbyMZ¨, `yÕwU GKm‡½ Pj‡Z cv‡i bv|
AZGe ¯^ ¯^ AvK¡x`v-wek¦vm I wPš—v-†PZbv †_‡K Rv‡njx
gZev`mg~‡ni RÄvj Qvd bv K‡i †mªd QvjvZ-wQqvg †Kvb gymjgvb‡K
Rvbœv‡Z wb‡q †h‡Z cvi‡e bv| ZvB cwi”Qbœ Bmjvgx AvK¡x`v mevi
Av‡M cÖ‡qvRb| myZivs GKRb mwZ¨Kv‡ii gywgb Bmjvg‡K Ac~Y© I
weKjv½ bv †f‡e eis c~Y©v½ Rxeb weavb wnmv‡eB wek¦vm Ki‡eb| wZwb
agx©q Rxe‡b †Zv e‡UB, ivR‰bwZK, A_©‰bwZK, mvgvwRK Z_v êlwqK
Rxe‡bi me©Î Bmjv‡gi †Ìqv g~jbxwZ Ges û`~` Z_v mxgv‡iLv †g‡b
51. eyLvix nv/3535; gymwjg nv/523, 2286; wgkKvZ nv/5745, 5747, 5748
Ôdvhv‡qj I kvgv‡qjÕ Aa¨vq|
Contents
Pj‡eb| Avi Gfv‡eB wZwb ag©wbi‡c¶Zvev‡ì Kzdix AvK¡x`v †_‡K
gy³ n‡q wb‡Ri mvwe©K Rxe‡b Bmjvgx weavb Kv‡q‡g m‡Pó n‡eb|
Abyiƒcfv‡e GKRb gywgb Aek¨B Øxb I `ywbqv‡K GK‡Î ¸wj‡q
†dj‡eb bv| eis `ywbqv‡K `ywbqv MY¨ K‡iB Zv‡K Øx‡bi is‡q iwÄZ
Ki‡eb| wZwb Øxb cÖwZôvq bex‡ì ZixKvi evB‡i hv‡eb bv| Øx‡bi
e¨vcv‡i †Kvb ÔivqÕ I hyw³ev`‡K AMÖvwaKvi w`‡eb bv| wZwb AvK¡x`v
I weavbMZ e¨vL¨vq KLbB ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) I Qvnvev‡q †Kiv‡gi
Abym„Z bxwZ I mvjv‡d Qv‡jnx‡bi ZixKv cwiZ¨vM Ki‡eb bv|
Gfv‡eB wZwb Avj−vn&i mš‘wó AR©‡b m¶g n‡eb I RvbœvZ jv‡f ab¨
n‡eb BbkvAvj−vn|
AvnŸvb (!;T) :
†n RvbœvZ wcqvmx ag©wbi‡c¶ gywgb! Avcwb wK êlwqK Rxe‡bi we¯—…Z

A½‡b Avj−vn&i we‡ivwaZv K‡i cybivq Avj−vn&i ingZ Kvgbv K‡ib?
Avcwb wK `ywbqv‡Z Z¡vM~‡Zi Dcvmbv K‡i Av‡Liv‡Z Rvbœv‡Zi
AvKvsLv K‡ib? Avcwb wK Avcbvi Rxe‡bi e„n`vsk kqZv‡bi nv‡Z
†mvc`© K‡i Avj−vn&i AbyMÖn wf¶v Ki‡eb? wm×vš— AvcwbB wb‡eb|
†Kbbv Avcbvi Ke‡i AvcwbB _vK‡eb| Avcbvi Avgjbvgv AvcbviB
n‡e| Av‡Liv‡Z Avcbvi Avg‡ji wnmve Avcbv‡KB w`‡Z n‡e|
g‡b ivL‡eb Rvbœv‡Zi c_ Kzmygv¯—xY© bq| G c_ wØgyLx I myweavev`x
†jvK‡ì Rb¨ bq| bd‡mi wei“‡×, kqZv‡bi wei“‡×, Z¡vM~‡Zi
wei“‡× wbiš—i wRnv‡ì ga¨ w`‡qB G c‡_ Pj‡Z nq| Kvg, †µva,
†jvf Z_v lowicyi nvZQvwb‡K Gwo‡q Rxe‡bi mKj w`K I wefv‡M
Avj−vn&i wbisKzk AvbyMZ¨ cÖwZôvi gva¨‡gB †Kej Avj−vn&i ingZ jvf
Kiv m¤¢e n‡Z cv‡i| AZGe, Avmyb cvðv‡Zï be¨ Rv‡njx gZev`
ag©wbi‡c¶Zvev‡ì Lài nÕ‡Z gy³ nB Ges Rxe‡bi mKj w`K I
wefv‡M cy‡ivcywifv‡e Bmjv‡gi c‡_ Pjvi Rb¨ `„p cÖwZÁ nB| Avj−vn
Avgv‡ì mnvq †nŠb- Avgxb!
Contents
ag©wbi‡c¶Zvev` I Bmjvg- GK bh‡i

(3 ? IJD6
)
1. ag©wbi‡c¶Zvev‡ì wfwË nÕj bvw¯—Këv‡ì Dc‡i| Bmjv‡gi wfwË
nÕj ZvInx` wek¦v‡mi Dc‡i|
2. ag©wbi‡c¶‡ì wbK‡U ag© GKwU e¨w³MZ wek¦vm gvÎ| c¶vš—‡i
Bmjvg GKwU c~Y©v½ Rxeb eë¯’vi bvg|
3. Zv‡ì wbK‡U gvby‡li ÁvbB fvj-g‡›ì P~ovš— wb‡`©kK| Bmjv‡gi
wbK‡U Awn-i weavbB P~ovš— m‡Zï gvb`Ê|
4. Zv‡ì wbK‡U gvbyl wb‡RB Zvi Rb¨ AvBb cÖ‡YZv| c¶vš—‡i
Bmjv‡gi wbKU Avj−vn g~j AvBb`vZv| gvbyl Zvi e¨vL¨vKvix
gvÎ|
5. ivóªbxwZ‡Z Zv‡ì j¶¨ nÕj MYZvwš¿K ivóªeë¯’v| c¶vš—‡i
Bmjv‡gi j¶¨ nÕj Bmjvgx wLjvdZ eë¯’v|
6. A_©bxwZ‡Z Zv‡ì j¶¨ nÕj cuywRev`| c¶vš—‡i Bmjv‡gi j¶¨
nÕj A_©‰bwZK b¨vqwePvi| Zv‡ì A_©bxwZ‡Z m~`-Ryqv-jUvix
GK-GKwU Avewk¨K Abym½| Bmjvgx A_©bxwZ‡Z G¸wj wPiw`‡bi
Rb¨ wbwl×|
7. Zv‡ì wbK‡U `ywbqvB gyL¨| Bmjv‡gi wbK‡U Av‡LivZB gyL¨|
fC_( [_ d"_ 2> 9> 2 ?_ !Bi_ !8( AB, k":*
gf- 3U 3 ~.8,( 0V!( [P AB, k>
***
Contents
Ônv`xQ dvD‡Êkb evsjv‡`kÕ cÖKvwkZ eB I cÖPvicÎ mg~n
eB‡qi bvg †jL‡Ki bvg
01 Avn‡jnv`xQ Av‡›`vjb wK I †Kb? gynv¤§v` Avmv`yj−vn Avj-Mvwje
Avn‡jnv`xQ Av‡›`vjb: DrcwË I µgweKvk;
02 gynv¤§v` Avmv`yj−vn Avj-Mvwje
`w¶Y Gwkqvi †cÖw¶Zmn (W±‡iU w_wmm)
03 QvjvZzi ivm~j (Qvt) gynv¤§v` Avmv`yj−vn Avj-Mvwje
04 bex‡ì Kvwnbx-1 I 2 gynv¤§v` Avmv`yj−vn Avj-Mvwje
05 bex‡ì Kvwnbx-3 [mxivZzi ivm~j (Qvt)] gynv¤§v` Avmv`yj−vn Avj-Mvwje
06 Zvdmxi“j KziAvb 30Zg cviv gynv¤§v` Avmv`yj−vn Avj-Mvwje
07 wdiK¡v bvwRqvn gynv¤§v` Avmv`yj−vn Avj-Mvwje
08 BK¡vg‡Z Øxb : c_ I c×wZ gynv¤§v` Avmv`yj−vn Avj-Mvwje
09 wRnv` I wK¡Zvj gynv¤§v` Avmv`yj−vn Avj-Mvwje
10 nv`x‡Qi cÖvgvwYKZv gynv¤§v` Avmv`yj−vn Avj-Mvwje
11 ag©wbi‡c¶Zvev` (2q ms¯‹iY) gynv¤§v` Avmv`yj−vn Avj-Mvwje
12 mgvR wec−‡ei aviv gynv¤§v` Avmv`yj−vn Avj-Mvwje
13 wZbwU gZev` gynv¤§v` Avmv`yj−vn Avj-Mvwje
14 Rxeb `k©b gynv¤§v` Avmv`yj−vn Avj-Mvwje
15 w`M`k©b-1 I 2 gynv¤§v` Avmv`yj−vn Avj-Mvwje
16 `vIqvZ I wRnv` gynv¤§v` Avmv`yj−vn Avj-Mvwje
17 Aviex K¡v‡q`v gynv¤§v` Avmv`yj−vn Avj-Mvwje
18 AvK¡x`v Bmjvwgqvn gynv¤§v` Avmv`yj−vn Avj-Mvwje
19 gxjv` cÖm½ gynv¤§v` Avmv`yj−vn Avj-Mvwje
20 k‡eeivZ (2q ms¯‹iY) gynv¤§v` Avmv`yj−vn Avj-Mvwje
21 Avk~iv‡q gynviig I Avgv‡ì KiYxq gynv¤§v` Avmv`yj−vn Avj-Mvwje
22 D`vË AvnŸvb gynv¤§v` Avmv`yj−vn Avj-Mvwje
23 ˆbwZK wfwË I cÖ¯v— ebv gynv¤§v` Avmv`yj−vn Avj-Mvwje
24 gvmv‡q‡j Kzievbx I AvK¡xK¡v gynv¤§v` Avmv`yj−vn Avj-Mvwje
25 n¾ I Igivn gynv¤§v` Avmv`yj−vn Avj-Mvwje
26 Bbmv‡b Kv‡gj (2q ms¯‹iY) gynv¤§v` Avmv`yj−vn Avj-Mvwje
27 ZvjvK I Zvnjxj gynv¤§v` Avmv`yj−vn Avj-Mvwje
28 Qwe I g~wZ© (2q ms¯‹iY) gynv¤§v` Avmv`yj−vn Avj-Mvwje
29 Bmjvgx †LjvdZ I †bZ…Z¡ wbe©vPb gynv¤§v` Avmv`yj−vn Avj-Mvwje
30 wnsmv I AnsKvi gynv¤§v` Avmv`yj−vn Avj-Mvwje
31 we`ÔAvZ n‡Z mveavb (Aviex) -kvqL web evh Aby : gynv¤§v` Avmv`yj−vn Avj-Mvwje
32 bqwU cÖ‡kœi DËi (Aviex) -kvqL Avjevbx Aby : gynv¤§v` Avmv`yj−vn Avj-Mvwje
33 Salatur Rasool (sm) Muhammad Asadullah Al-Ghalib
34 Ahle hadeeth movement What & Why? Muhammad Asadullah Al-Ghalib
Contents
35 Interest Shah Muhammad Habibur Rahman
36 AvK¡x`v‡q gynv¤§v`x gvIjvbv Avngv` Avjx
37 mvwnwZ¨K gvIjvbv Avngv` Avjx †kL AvLZvi †nv‡mb
Avn‡jnv`xQ GKwU êwkó¨MZ bvg (D`~©)
38 Aby : Avngv`yj−vn
-hyev‡qi Avjx hvC
39 GKwU c‡Îi RIqve Avãyj−v‡nj Kvdx Avj-†Kvivqkx
wKZve I mybœv‡Zi w`‡K wd‡i Pj (Aviex)
40 Aby : W. gyhhvw¤§j Avjx
-Avjx Lvkvb
41 m~` kvn gynv¤§v` nvexeyi ingvb
42 âh© : ¸i“Z¡ I Zvrch© W. gynv¤§v` Kvexi“j Bmjvg
43 ga¨cš’v : ¸i“Z¡ I cÖ‡qvRbxqZv W. gynv¤§v` Kvexi“j Bmjvg
44 a‡g© evovevwo (D`~©) -Avãyj Mvddvi nvmvb Aby : W. gynv¤§v` Kvexi“j Bmjvg
Bmjvgx Av‡›`vj‡b weR‡qi ¯îƒc (Aviex)
45 Aby : Avãyj gv‡jK
-W. bv‡Qi web †mvjvqgvb
†h mKj nvivg †_‡K †eu‡P _vKv DwPZ
46 Aby : Avãyj gv‡jK
(Aviex) -gynv¤§v` Qv‡jn Avj-gybvw¾`
47 †bZ…‡Z¡i †gvn -gynv¤§v` Qv‡jn Avj-gybvw¾` Aby : Avãyj gv‡jK
48 gybvwdKx -gynv¤§v` Qv‡jn Avj-gybvw¾` Aby : Avãyj gv‡jK
49 wkïi evsjv wk¶v kvgmyj Avjg
50 Bnmvb Bjvnx hnxi b~i“j Bmjvg
51 Qnxn wKZvey` †`vÔAv gynv¤§v` b~i“j Bmjvg
52 mv‡o 16 gv‡mi Kviv¯§„wZ gynv¤§v` b~i“j Bmjvg
53 Amxg mËvi AvnŸvb idxK Avngv`
54 Avj−vn ¶gvkxj idxK Avngv`
55 RvMiYx Avj-†niv wkíx‡Mvôx
56 nv`x‡Qi Mí M‡elYv wefvM nv.dv.ev.
57 M‡íi gva¨‡g Ávb H
58 Rxe‡bi mdim~Px (†ÌqvjcÎ) H
59 Qvjv‡Zi ci cwVZe¨ †`vÔAv mg~n (H) H
60 cÖ
cÖPwjZ gynviig ce© I Bmjvg (cÖPvicÎ) Avn‡jnv`xQ Av‡›`vjbP vi wefvM :
evsjv‡`k
61 hveZxq Pigcš’v nÕ‡Z weiZ _vKzb (H)
62 Avn‡jnv`xQ KL‡bv R½x bq (H) H
63 †Kvqv›Uvg †g_W : GKwU kqZvbx duv` (H) H
64 c‡Y©vMÖvdx wbwl× Ki“b! (H) H
R½xev` I mš¿vmev‡ì wei“‡× gvwmK ÔAvZ-
65 H
ZvnixKÕ-G cÖKvwkZ KwZcq drIqv (H)
R½xev` I mš¿vmev‡ì wei“‡× ÔAvn‡jnv`xQ
66 H
Av‡›`vjbÕ-Gi f~wgKv
67 kviC BgviZ (D`~©) Aby : b~i“j Bmjvg
68 cÖe„wËi AbymiY -gynv¤§v` Qv‡jn Avj-gybvw¾` Aby : Avãyj gv‡jK

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Contents

gynv¤§v` Avmv`yj−vn Avj-Mvwje

nv`xQ dvD‡Êkb evsjv‡`k

Dharma Niropekkhotabad (Secularism) by Dr. Muhammad

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A& E 7 A-

1. The New Encyclopaedia Britanica. 15th Edn. 2002. Vol-X. P. 594.

2. A.S. Hornby, Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary (Oxford

ÔBmjvgÕ| G Øxb Avj−vn †cÖwiZ me©‡kl ÔAwnÕ-i Dc‡i wfwËkxj|

3. Avngv` nv/15195; evqnvK¡x ïÔAve nv/176; Avjevbx, wgkKvZ nv/177, mb`

Ôag©wbi‡c¶Õ gZev`wU g~jZt gvby‡li Rb¥MZ KzcÖeYZv‡K D‡¯‹ w`‡q

6. (K) _gvm ne&m (Thomas Hobbes) Bsj¨v‡Êi cÖL¨vZ ivR‰bwZK `vk©wbK

Avj−vn&i Aw¯—Z¡‡KB A¯^xKvi K‡i| 1859 mv‡j cÖKvwkZ The Origin

7. Pvj©m WviDBb (Charles Darwin) Bsj¨v‡Êi L¨vZbvgv cÖK…wZev`x `vk©wbK I

10. Kv›U (Immanuel Kant) Rvg©vbxi GB `vk©wbK Central figure of modern

2q avivwU wQj GB †h, a‡g©i wei“‡× †Kvbiƒc Frontal attack ev

Ôag©wbi‡c¶Zvev`Õ DrcwËi cÖZ¨¶ KviY wnmv‡e MY¨ n‡q‡Q agx©q,

g~jZt ag©wbi‡c¶Zvev` Ges Kgy¨wbRg I mgvRZš¿ GKB ag©we‡ivax

ÔZ¡vM~ZÕ-Gi AvwfavwbK A_© kqZvb, Rv`yKi, g~wZ©-cÖwZK…wZ, åóZvi

13. Beby KvQxi, m~iv wbmv 60 Avqv‡Zi Zvdmxi (gg©v_©)|

14. Beby KvQxi, Zvdmxi m~iv evK¡vivn 256 AvqvZ|

Reve : D³ nv`x‡Q Øxb I `ywbqv‡K c„_K Kiv nqwb| eis Øxb I

Agymwjg‡`i cÖwZ Bmjv‡gi bxwZ (K &- FG H IJD E) :

17. Avey`vE` nv/3095; Avngv` nv/13399; eyLvix nv/1356; wgkKvZ

GLv‡b wk¶Yxq welq GB †h, †m mgqKvi wLªóvb wek¦ †h Ig‡ii Kv‡Q

†Lvjvdv‡q iv‡k`xb I Qvnvev‡q †Kivg gvbyl‡K †Kej Bmjv‡gi

Bmjv‡gi `„wó‡Z ag©wbi‡c¶Zvev` (IJD L

ag©wbi‡c¶Zvev` `yÕwU †gŠwjK Kvi‡Y Bmjv‡gi we‡ivax| 1. ÔZvInx‡`

ag©wbi‡c¶Zvev` g~jZt `yÕwU †¶‡Î Kvh©Ki : agx©q †¶‡Î I ˆelwqK

D³ AvqvZ m¤úwK©Z NUbvwU wbgœiƒc :

:H HUH$ IAY

21. Beby Rvixi, Zvdmxi Rv‡gÔDj evqvb nv/16632, 16641, 16630; H,

Kiv n‡”Q| Gfv‡e Avj−vn&i bvwhjK…Z weav‡bi cwie‡Z© gvbeiwPZ

Kzdix weavb ( O P "8#) :

Dc‡i D×„Z m~iv gv‡q`vn 50 Avqv‡Z ewY©Z ÔRv‡nwjqv‡Zi weavbÕ

(K) wek¦vmMZ Kzdix (aVF HUFI)F ^G[Je) : †hme kvmK ev kvmK `j

24. Avngv` nv/17209; wZiwghx nv/2863; wgkKvZ nv/3694, mb` Qnxn

AvbyM‡Z¨i `vex ZvInx‡` Bev`‡Zi mivmwi we‡ivax| hviv `yÕwU‡K

25. gymwjg nv/1854, kviûm mybœvn nv/2459; wgkKvZ nv/3671|

ag©wbi‡c¶Zvev` I MYZš¿ ( Q/R6 

ag©wbi‡c¶ AvK¡x`vi cwiYwZ (

†`vKvb ev‡hqvd&Z Kiv nq| GwU wQj me©‡gvU KviLvbv I †`vKv‡bi

29. evK¡vivn 2/219; wbmv 4/43; gv‡q`vn 5/90|

32. BDbym 10/3, 31; ivÔ` 13/2; mvR`vn 32/5|

GLwZqv‡ii †Kvb my‡hvM †bB (Avnhve 33/36)| †bB KziAvb-nv`x‡Qi

gymjgvb‡`i AatcZ‡bi KviY (K &- Y +5 *) :

A‡b‡K †LjvdZ nviv‡bv Z_v ivR‰bwZK civRq‡K g~j KviY e‡jb|

Avnjyj nv`xQ I Avnjyi ivq-Gi ivR‰bwZK `k©b

34. evK¡vivn 2/229; ZvjvK 65/1|

41. †cÖwm‡W›U, cÖavbgš¿x, cÖavb wePvicwZ I msm` m`m¨mn mK‡ji †¶‡Î

Z_vKw_Z D`viZvev‡`i †`vnvB †c‡o ivóªxq †¶‡Î Ôag©wbi‡c¶Zvev`Õ

Pvb| Gu‡`i‡K ÔAvn‡jnv`xQÕ ejv nq| Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e Gu‡`i msL¨v

43. eZ©gv‡b cÖvq wZb †KvwU e‡j Abygvb Kiv nq|

H‡K¨i mgm¨v mg~n I Zv mgvav‡bi cÖ¯v— e

A‰bmjvgx Kg©Kv‡Êi wei“‡× BQjv‡ni D‡Ï‡k¨ Pvc cÖ`vbKvix ms¯’v

46. eyLvix dvrûj evix mn nv/3062, 4202-03|

wbK‡U Lv‡jQ Aš—‡i kvnv`vZ Kvgbv K‡i, Avj−vn Zv‡K knx`M‡Yi ¯—

cwi‡k‡l eje †h, Bmjvg we‡ivax hveZxq gZev`, †hm‡ei AbymiY

†n RvbœvZ wcqvmx ag©wbi‡c¶ gywgb! Avcwb wK ˆelwqK Rxe‡bi we¯—…Z

ag©wbi‡c¶Zvev` I Bmjvg- GK bh‡i

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A& E 7 A-

Agymwjg‡`i cÖwZ Bmjv‡gi bxwZ (K&- FG H IJD E) :

Bmjv‡gi `„wó‡Z ag©wbi‡c¶Zvev` (IJD L

:HHUH$ IAY

Kzdix weavb ( OP "8#) :

(K) wek¦vmMZ Kzdix (aVFHUFI)F ^G[Je) : †hme kvmK ev kvmK `j

ag©wbi‡c¶Zvev` I MYZš¿ ( Q/R6

ag©wbi‡c¶ AvK¡x`vi cwiYwZ (

gymjgvb‡`i AatcZ‡bi KviY (K&- Y+5 *) :