DAVAO ORIENTAL STATE COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Senior High School Department

THESIS GUIDE for Practical Research

(AY: 2018-2019, 1st Semester)

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Overview

The thesis is a scholarly work that cements singular perspective as a result of

original research conducted by undergraduate students. This is a requirement
prior to conferment of Senior High degree. The following information and
guideline about thesis preparation applies to all Davao Oriental State College of
Science and Technology – students who have not yet formally proposed their
thesis as of the first term of 2018 and onward.

It is among the DOSCST mandates to safeguard and widely disseminate the

research endeavors of the students. Although its content is the student’s
liberty, it is, however, the school which specifies the format and style for the
proper guidance to all writers and researchers.

This guide charts the steps in preparing the thesis, as easy and straightforward
as possible. It is imperative therefore for thesis writers/researchers to pay
attention to this guide to avoid unnecessary, unwarranted, tedious and
expensive revisions.

General Requirements

Only those students who have passed the two major endeavors – proposal and
final paper defense.
GENERAL STRUCTURE AND FORMAT

Language

As a general rule, it is the English (American or Queen’s) language which must

be used in writing the thesis. While the writer has the option which English
language he prefers, extra care must be taken to ensure not to combine both
(e.g., the use of two words with same meanings but with different spellings).

Length and Thickness

The length in terms of number of pages of the thesis is not specific. The
researcher is however encouraged to work closely with his/her thesis adviser
and the thesis advisory committee. The thesis including the hard covers must
not exceed two (2) inches in thickness.

Paper Size and Specifications

All copies of the thesis submitted to the Graduate School must be in book
paper (Sub 20, white). The page must be Letter size (8.5 inches x 11 inches),
i.e. A4 is not allowed. Oversized paper “fold-outs” is discouraged. It may be
used only for very long and large tables and illustrations. The thesis is printed
only on one side.

Page Orientation

The page orientation is generally Portrait. Orientation can however be resorted

to Landscape only in cases where the tables and figures do not fit in the former
page orientation. Wide tables are usually set in this type of page orientation.

Copying Process
No manuscript will be accepted for defense without the prior approval of the
researcher’s thesis adviser. The researcher should keep the original file or
printout. Any future alteration or reproduction must be based from the original
copies. All theses submissions must be “clean copies”, complete, in order and
as sharp as the original; otherwise the same will not be accepted and has to be
reprinted.

Typing the Document

It is ideal for the researcher to personally type the text of the research report.
This lessens the possible errors in the final printout. If however the researcher
hires typist/s to get the job done, it is assumed that the final output is clean.
Hence, it is the responsibility of the researcher to ensure the previous
requirements stipulated must be enforced and implemented.

Production

With the wide accessibility and utility of Information Communication and

Technology (ICT) devices like high-end computers, letter-quality printers and
page copiers, researchers or thesis writers have almost all these tools including
most popular word processors at their disposal.

Since clarity and readability are primordial on the part of the thesis advisory
committee members, all prints must be clear and sharp. Hence, the use of
laser printer is preferred. Hardcopies from other printers or copiers with
similar or better print clarity or typeface quality to that of laser printers are
acceptable. To ensure this, a printer resolution of at least 300 dpi is a required
setting which the writer should strictly follow and implement. Missing these
requirements may attract delay.

Binding
The finished and clean copy of the manuscript (see also Text of Outside Cover)
must be bound using a blue (maybe changed only through AC approval) hard
cover wrapped in transparent plastic. The hard cover (Appendix A) and spine
(side or rectangular space between the front and back covers) should contain
the title, Senior High School logo, name of author/s and date of submission
(month and year only). All texts are stamped in gold foil and font sizes of 14
points.

Number of Copies

Ideally, three copies of the thesis must be submitted to the Senior High School.
The SHS retains two copies; the SHS office, one; the Adviser/s, one. And the
other one will be on the researcher/s.

General Thesis Format Guidelines

Senior High School students who enrolled in Practical research 2 must follow
the guidelines presented on the proceeding lines. The general guidelines are
presented first while specific guidelines follow next.

For certainty in the forms and style in thesis writing, this guide shall suffice.
However, it is always a good practice to work closely with the thesis adviser for
proper guidance. The researcher is also advised not to use the format of the
theses and other scholarly works in the College Library since formats changed
over the years.

Contents

The contents of the pages of the thesis should follow the following order:
Preliminary, The Body and Finale, and Others. The sections and subsections
are mandatory unless designated as optional.
A. Preliminary

 Academic Writing Integrity Declaration  Copyright Page (optional) 

Abstract  Title Page  Approval Sheet  Acknowledgement  Dedication
(optional)  Table of Contents  List of Tables (if included)  List of Figures (if
included)  List of Abbreviations (optional)  List of Symbols (optional)

B. The Body and Finale

 Introduction  Review of Literature and Theoretical (or Conceptual)

Framework  Methodology  Results and Discussion  Summary, Conclusion
and Recommendations

C. Others

 References (or Bibliography or Works Cited)  Appendices  Biographical

Sketch or Curriculum Vitae (optional)

Typeface

The Bookman Old Style font in 12 points is the typeface that will be used all
throughout the thesis. Font style (e.g., set in bold, italic, underlined or any
combination thereof) can be used whenever appropriate. For tables and figures,
however, the Times New Roman (any appropriate font size that fits the figure or
table) is used.

Chapter Titles, Headings and Sub-headings

The first letter of the chapter text is set to capital letter C and the chapter
number in Roman numeral (e.g. Chapter I). The chapter title is set to bold,
centered and all in capital letters, i.e. INTRODUCTION. The headings on the
other hand (e.g., Background of the Study) are set to bold but left-aligned.
Subheadings are also left-aligned, bold but underlined while sub-sub-headings
if unavoidable are indented, set to bold and ends with a period (.)

Text Alignment
While the subtitles or topics are left aligned, the body texts or paragraphs are
generally right-justified; that is, aligned in both the left and right margins.

Margins

All pages of the thesis shall have the following margin dimensions: left – 1.50
inches, top – 1.25 inches, right – 1.0 inch and bottom – 1.0 inch.

Pagination for Preliminary Section

In the preliminary pages, lowercase 12-point Roman numerals must be used as

page numbers (e.g. i and ix). These are placed at the right of the top margin,
0.75 inch from the top edge and 1.0 inch from the right edge.

Numbering starts with the Acknowledgement page, i.e. “vi.”, until the List of
Symbols (when included). The academic writing integrity declaration, copyright
page, abstract, title page and approval sheet are counted but not numbered.

Pagination for the Body and Pages Thereafter

For this part, 12-point Arabic numerals are used as page numbers and still
placed at the right of the top margin, 0.75 inch from the top edge and 1.0 inch
from the right edge. Every chapter should begin in a new page. Its
introductory page is counted but not numbered.

Spacing between Words, Sentences, Lines and Paragraphs

When encoding, there should be one space between words. Also, one or two
spaces may be placed before the start of a next sentence while the space
between lines is generally set to double (or 24-point). For researchers who are
used to a word processor (e.g. MS Word 2003), navigating through Format |
Paragraph | Indents and Spacing | Line Spacing is straightforward. One blank
line should separate two succeeding paragraphs while two blank lines must be
between the last sentence of the last paragraph and a subheading. Captions,
quotations, table entries, and abstract on the other hand, are single-spaced.

Tab Setting
 Paragraphs throughout the manuscript are indented one tab from left margin.
This is in the 0.5-inch mark on the top ruler line. To ensure the correctness of
this setting, (for MSWord 2003) just navigate through Format | Paragraph |
Tabs (button in bottom left) and make sure that the entry in the Default Tab
Stops box is 0.5”, Alignment selected is left and Leader is None, else make the
necessary adjustments and click OK. For MSWord 2007, navigate to Page
Layout | Paragraph. Point and click the Paragraph Dialog Box Launcher
(bottom right corner of the Paragraph tab) and click Tabs (located bottom left)
button and enter or adjust the Default Tab Stop at 0.5” then click OK.

Equations and Formulas

All equations must be typed using an equation editor. Equation as an

insertion (i.e., through Copy-Paste or Insert Picture in Word), like JPEG, PNG,
GIF, TIFF, BMP, PDF and similar others is not allowed. Equations generated
from LATEX and/or other word processors or applications may be allowed but
must be referred to the adviser and approved by the Advisers committee before
it can be used in the manuscript.

Corrections

The thesis manuscript is assumed a “clean copy”. Any submission with

strikeovers, fluid and tape corrections will not be accepted. Exception to this
rule can be made however in consultation with and approval from the thesis
advisers.

Tables and Figures

The table and/or figures should be shown within the page where either is
introduced. A table and/or figure that run over the next page must be avoided.
The title/captions for table (see Appendices K and L) are entered above the
table and aligned with respect to the table’s left and right edges; that is the
caption must not bleed beyond the right edge of the table. This can be avoided
by continuing the caption in another line by moving the right margin marker to
a point vertically aligned with the table’s right edge.

Furthermore, the figure title/caption must be centered and placed below the
figure. If the figure or drawing like chart or map is bounded by a rectangular
border line, the same caption should neither bleed in the left nor in the right
edge of the figure.

Borrowed or adapted table and figures must be properly acknowledged by

including its source. This acknowledgement must be written below the table
and figure and a corresponding bibliographic entry in its appropriate page. This
implies further that if a figure requires a source below it, it is automatic that
the title/caption be written above the figure.

Since tables and figure vary in size, its text might also differ from the body text
of the manuscript. Times New Roman in smaller font size may be preferred.
Strictly, non-regulation font types are not allowed. Exemptions are deemed
applicable only when cleared by the advisers and approved by the committee.

General Rule

If the researcher is in doubt with respect to the style he/she employed, the only
safest thing to do is consult the adviser and finally seek guidance and
approval.. The latest edition of referencing guide like APA 6th edition may
however be referred to but it must be understood that the same cannot be over
and above the rules and guidelines set.

Thesis Format Guidelines for Specific Sections

The general thesis format guidelines are already presented; the guidelines for
specific sections will be taken up next.

Text of Outside Cover

The outside cover (see Appendix A) should have the following format:

 Font – Bookman Old Style, bold, 4-16 points, Gold  Title: All caps, 1.5
inches from the top edge  College logo centered within both the horizontal
and vertical margins. (The official College logo in electronic form can be sought
from the department.)  Name of Researcher (e.g. TEEJAY T. GO), all caps, 3.0
inches from the bottom edge  Date of the conferment of degree, caps and
lower case (e.g. April 2020), 1.5 inches from the bottom edge
Academic Writing Integrity Declaration Page

This page is the researcher’s declaration of adherence to general policies,

standards and/or norms on academic integrity (See Appendix B)

Copyright Page

This page has no heading. The copyright notice (see Appendix C) should be the
only information on this page. This is vertically and horizontally centered
within the margins. The date, which follows the copyright symbol, is the year
when the degree will be conferred or granted. This is followed by the name of
the researcher (Firstname MI. Lastname). If researcher opts not to copyright
his/her thesis, a blank page is inserted instead.

Abstract Page

The Abstract page (see Appendix D) heading is simply “ABSTRACT” in all

capital letters, bold and centered 1.50” inches from the top edge. While other
do not require the name of the researcher, the school, the address, the date of
submission (month and year only), the title of the study and the name of the
thesis adviser, in DOSCST-SHS, the aforementioned are included and form the
introductory information of the page.

The abstract includes a summary of the problem statement, methodology,

findings and the conclusions. Its average length is about 300-400 words or one
page. The page heading, name of researcher, and title of the study are set to
capital letters and bold. Only the first letters of the first name, middle initial
and last name of the adviser (i.e. Firstname MI. Lastname) is set to caps-lower
case (clc) and bold.

The Abstract

APA Manual (5th ed.) defines abstract as a brief, comprehensive summary of

the contents of a study or research. It gives the reader a quick view of what the
manuscript is all about. This is part where most writers or researchers
preferred to read first. It is the abstract that makes the readers decide whether
the entire manuscript is to be read or not. The information the abstract
conveys must be profound, accurate, coherent, well organized, concise, self-
contained and non-evaluative.

For empirical studies, the abstract should describe the problem under
investigation, the respondents or subjects, the attributes, the methods,
materials, data collection, findings, conc1usions, recommendations or
implications or applications.

Title Page

Page number is counted but not shown on this page. All lines on this page are
double-spaced. The title must be set in capital letters, bold, centered, and 1.50
inches from the top edge of the page (see Appendix E).

The Title

The title encapsulates the main thought of the study, concise, and isolates the
variables or issues and tells relationship between them. It should be fully
explanatory when standing alone. Its main task is to inform readers of the
research.

Words that serve no purpose should be avoided in crafting titles (e.g. "A Study
of" or "An Investigation of". Also avoid using abbreviations in a title. As much
as possible, a good title has 10 to 12 words (APA, 2002).

Approval Sheet Page

Page number is counted but not reflected. The paragraphs on this page are
double-spaced while the names of the advisory committee and their respective
positions (titles such as Dr., Prof., M.S., Ph.D., etc. are excluded) are single-
spaced. This page (see Appendix F) is a recommendation for approval and
acceptance of the thesis by the adviser and the thesis advisory committee.

Acknowledgement Page
The acknowledgment page may be presented in the first-person. This is where
the writer affirms the assistance and support of any sort given by many, e.g.
respondents, the adviser, the advisory committee, the researcher’s
organization, his family, friends and sponsors/funding institutions and several
others. The heading is centered in the page, 1.50 inches from the top edge,
bold and set in all capital letters as “ACKNOWLEDGMENTS” or
“ACKNOWLEDGMENTS”.

Dedication Page

This is an optional page. When included, the title is not required. This is
purposely and commonly a page for the writer’s loved ones. The text is
centered on the page and can be shown in italic or regular type. Other
language medium can be used on this special section.

Table of Contents Pages

The page heading in all caps – “TABLE OF CONTENTS” (see Appendices G1-G3)
is centered, 1.50 inches from the top edge. This consists of two columns – the
mandatory sections and sub-sections on the left and page numbers at right.
The page heading and the mandatory section headings are set in bold while the
sub-headings and page numbers (Roman and Arabic) are not.

Only the page number of each mandatory section and/or subheading is written
and not a range of page numbers, such as 13–22. The table of contents is
double-spaced. However, if a particular section heading is long and requires
more than one line, the same is single-spaced. A sub-heading of more than one
line is flushed left and single-spaced.

List of Tables and Figures Pages

The “LIST OF TABLES” and “LIST of FIGURES” pages (see Appendices H and I)
follow the same format as that of the Table of Contents. However, only the
page headings are set in bold. Figure/illustration/table numbering must be
continuous throughout the thesis (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, …). The word “Table” or
“Figure” must be spelled out (not abbreviated), and the first letter must be
capitalized.

Table and Figure Captions

A table caption (see Appendices J and K) starts with for “Table” and <number>
(e.g. 1) followed by a period (.) and the caption itself. This is left-aligned (and
not justified) with respect to the table and not of the left margin. On the other
hand, the caption for a figure also begins with “Figure” and <number> followed
by a period (.) and the caption. This is placed at the bottom of the figure and is
centered with respect to the picture. The font type for both is Arial while the
font size may vary depending on the size of the table or figure. It is important
to note that the font size used for the table and figure must be the same. All
captions are single-spaced. All illustrations other than table are treated as
figures.

List of Abbreviations

As a page heading, use “LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS / ACRONYMS”. Place at the

center of the page, 1.5 inches from the top edge, all caps and set in bold.

This page is composed of two columns: abbreviations and/or acronyms on the

left and the corresponding description on the right. First column starts at 2.0
inches from left edge. Descriptions are set in lower case. Only the first letter
and proper names are set in capitals.

The Body and Finale

This section contains the following mandatory parts:

Chapter I INTRODUCTION  Background  Statement of the Problem 

Objectives of the Study  Significance of the Study  Scope and Limitation 
Definition of Terms
Chapter II REVIEW OF LITERATURE AND THEORETICAL (or CONCEPTUAL
FRAMEWORK)  Literature and Studies  Theory Base  Conceptual
Framework

Chapter III METHODOLOGY  Design  Sampling  Collection  Data 

Presentation  Analysis

Chapter IV RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Chapter V SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS  Summary

 Conclusion  Recommendations

These parts may vary depending on the kind of study undertaken by the
student. In the event these contents are changed, approval from the thesis
adviser, the advisory committee head must be sought prior to its
implementation.

Introduction

This is the first chapter of the manuscript. It generally consists of the

background, statement of the problem, objectives of the study, significance of
the study, and the scope and limitation of the study, and definition of terms.

Firstly, the background of the study (about 2 pages in length) tells very briefly
the origin or basis of the problem. It describes the rationale and justification for
its conception or selection. A connection among the contemporary situations or
circumstances from local to international must be established.
Second is a clear, accurate and precise statement of the problem. A
declarative general statement is presented first while the specific statements (in
interrogative form) come next. This is followed by the objectives of the study
which exposes the purposes the research wants to achieve.

Subsequent to that is the part which gives the answers to the questions: a) why
the problem being studied is very relevant, important or significant?, b) what
are its potential contribution to the existing body of knowledge, its implication
to policy and utility of the output?, c) how do the hypotheses and the design
relate to the problem?, d) does the study have theoretical implications?, e) does
it relate to previous work?, f) are there testable theoretical propositions?, and g)
who will benefit and what benefit will they get from the study?

The next item focuses on the clear and specific definition of the boundaries,
the terms of reference or scope that include among others the limitations on
the methods, treatments, the population or sample, instruments and design
used. The last part of the chapter operationally defines the terms as they are
used in the research (and not those words as revealed in standard dictionary).
This is so since many terms are subject to a variety of interpretations. Terms
used in the title should firstly be defined. Other terms like the variables and
those that are the intent of treatments and measurements should also be
defined according to its intended meaning (see Appendix L).

Review of Related Literature and Theoretical/Conceptual Framework

This second chapter gives the readers a broad perspective of the research at
hand. It typically consists of: a) the review of recent (i.e. within ten years) and
related literature and or studies, and b) the theories and/or concepts which are
presented in a framework or diagrams where the variables and relationships
involved are fully explained.

Specifically, this part of the paper: (a) reviews the studies, i.e., those which
were finished and has not been explored on the topic; and (b) discusses clearly
the theoretical bases of the research problem. It should be fully understood by
the researchers or thesis writers that the review must only cover those which
have relationship with the current endeavor in terms of objectives, methods,
findings, conclusions, and implications or interventions. Critical analysis is
the approach utilized in this section (e.g. pointing out the weaknesses and
strengths. A very clear transition between the old works to the current
undertaking should be established.

Theoretical Basis/es. This part discusses the very foundation or rationale why
the study is conducted. This covers known and long accepted concepts,
theories, laws, policies, and principles which form the legal basis where the
current study is anchored upon.

Conceptual Framework. In this part of the manuscript, the conceptual scheme

of the study is framed. This is usually composed of diagrams which show the
possible relationships of the different variables involved in the research
problem. For further elucidation of the models or frameworks presented, a
straightforward discussion of the same should follow.

Methodology

This third chapter of the manuscript describes in detail how the study is to be
conducted. This description can tell the readers how appropriate the methods
are and whether the results can be reliable and valid or not. It also helps
others decide whether the study is attracts future replication.

This basically includes detailed descriptions of: design, data, collection,

presentation and analyses.

Design. In this section, a detailed description of the research design used in

the study (e.g. descriptive method, survey method, experimental, etc) is
presented.

Sampling. This part exhaustively discusses in detail how the sample is being
arrived at. This includes a thorough description of the population, the
population frame, respondents/participants/subjects of the study, the
sampling technique/s as well as the bases if any. Else, a great deal of
narrative rationale or justification is required.
Collection. From the preceding process, the data collection method or a
combination thereof, are clearly detailed next. If for instance an instrument is
constructed and utilized, its reliability and validity processes and outputs as
well as the use of other related tests must be explained. Moreover, the process
of arriving at the estimates should also be elucidated. If the instrument and/or
criteria are adapted or used, a rationale is required and author’s or owner’s
permission is expected. Communications through e-mail or purchase receipts
placed as attachment to the final manuscript may be sufficient proof for its
compliance.

Respondents or subjects to non-experimental research can help greatly in

minimizing errors of the research if they understand what the study is all
about; that is if their consent is sought; their privacy respected, or their
contribution recognized. Hence, it is ethical and a fitting that for data
collection methods like the use of questionnaire or interview guide, a one-page
brief (see Appendix _) that answers the following queries: a) what the research
is all about?, b) who are the participants of the research?, c) do respondents /
participants have choice?, d) what are the risks and benefits of participating?,
e) how will privacy be protected?, f) how will the collected information be used?,
and g) what would the participants/respondents must do?, must be presented
first.

Also, in cases where devices and equipment are used, their specifications and
attributes should correspondingly be identified. For specialized or custom-
made instruments, illustrations are recommended.

If the instrument is translated into a different language or dialect, the method

of translation should be specifically described (e.g., back translation).

Data. This section discusses the data sources, data types, and measurements
scales generated from data collection. This is very important since the
appropriateness of the tools and analyses is dependent on the types of data or
measurement scales being generated from the data collection method
employed.

For non-human subjects, the taxonomy, attributes, frequencies, suppliers,

stocks identifications and other relevant information should properly be
recorded. Local and international guidelines in proper handling and treatment
of these subjects must be taken into consideration and fully discussed in this
section.

Presentation. While this part may be simple, for reference purposes by new
researchers, it is found appropriate to reveal how data are presented (e.g.
contingencies, cross-tabulations, frequency distributions, polygons, pie chart,
pictographs).

Analyses. This is considered the core of the chapter. This section tells the
reader what the researcher has done and how he/she did one or all, in
sufficient detail so replication is reasonably doable. In here, the collected data
are being manipulated or treated in order to satisfy the objectives are
presented. This could include an explicit mention of what statistical methods,
tools, tests and techniques used; after which a detailed narrative of the
procedure or a narrative on how the tool or process is used. Preferably, the
presentation corresponds to the problem statements or objectives order as
shown in Chapter I. For new or unfamiliar statistical techniques for example,
formula is required to be shown and explained. Other pertinent procedures
may also be mentioned, but details maybe given in the Appendices section.

Results and Discussion

This is Chapter IV. In here, the collected data and the statistical techniques
being used are described and/or summarized. The results are presented and
reported in an as-is-where-is basis; objective and logical. Opinions and biases
are unwelcome. This shall be straightforward when done sequentially with
respect to the problem statements or objectives and the hypotheses.

Since the mere presentation of table or charts may not be fully grasped by the
readers, as such salient information like patterns, variations or contradictions
and not individual data or restatements should be clearly presented. Complete
data or other tables may however be placed in the Appendix for ready
reference. Also, avoid redundant presentations.

Moreover, data interpretation must include: a) antecedents of what has been

found; b) consequences or implications drawn from the findings; c) practical
applications or uses of the findings; d) conditions that limit the generalization
of the findings so that the reader can judge the validity of the conclusions and
inferences; e) suggestions for improvement of instruments and procedures; and
f) differences and/or similarities between the findings and conclusions of the
study and those of other investigations including its justifications.

Finally, tables and figures should follow right after its introduction. For a
specific case, information may be presented in either a table or a figure but
never both. Numbering is sequential.

Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations

This chapter presents the summary, conclusion and recommendations of the

study.

Summary

The summary is a brief recapitulation and/or narrative that includes an

overview of the research, a brief statement of the problem, the procedures and
the findings. Furthermore, only the summary of findings and not the numerical
data are presented in this part of the manuscript. Definitely no new
information is allowed in this section.

Conclusions

This is also a narrative about the deductions, inferences, and/or suppositions

which are solely based from the results and findings of the study. Baseless or
weak generalizations – those not adequately supported by data, must be
avoided.

Honest declarations for the incorrigible weaknesses of the investigation like

design flaws, fault in the techniques, or sampling errors and the likes which
have bearing in the research outcomes can be also discussed in this section.
Recommendations

This reveals the recommended activities to be undertaken by stakeholders as a

response to the findings of the study and to be able to address fully the
problem statements/objectives. This may also be the section for suggestions in
terms of techniques, tools, strategies and the likes that could have been
implemented to check the flaws and errors and eventually contribute to a high
degree of efficiency, reliability and validity of study outcomes. If an
intervention is recommended, a brief outline of the strategy may be shared; the
detail of which can be attached in the Appendix part of the manuscript.

Others: References, Appendices, Bibliography

Bibliography (or References or Works Cited)

Bibliography or references are single-spaced, hanging-indented (6 characters

from left margin), alphabetical, succinct, accurate, complete and useful to
other investigators.

All in-text citations (i.e. citation in the manuscript) must have a counterpart in
reference list or bibliography pages.

Unless the study requires otherwise, as much as possible, sources of

information must be within ten years – meaning, if the researcher intends to
conduct the study in 2020, no reference should be earlier than 2011.

To ensure accuracy, familiarity of APA 5th/6th Edition Style Guide) is required.

In the latest edition, Digital Object Identifiers (DOI) are already in use; hence,
take note of this whenever browsing e-documents / websites.

Appendices

The appendices serve as repository of materials that are too long or quite
detailed rendering them distractive, or inappropriate to be included in the body
of the manuscript. Examples of these are (a) computer program or codes or
algorithms, (b) new or unfamiliar procedures, (c) mathematical proofs, (d)
detailed description of a complex piece of equipment e) long/additional tables,
h) plates/slides, i) communications, and several others.

The order of listing is not alphabetical but in accordance with their appearance
in the text. Page heading must be centered and in the format: Appendix <letter
A-Z>: <Title of document> (see Appendix). Its font is still Bookman Old but the
font size may be smaller.

Biographical Sketch (Curriculum Vitae)

The biographical sketch is a narrative written in third-person voice and

contains among others the educational background of the researcher. It may
contain additional biographical facts. As a page heading, use “BIOGRAPHICAL
SKETCH” in all capital letters, centered on the page.

If the researcher chooses the Curriculum Vitae, he/she may use ready-made
forms or CV templates.
 APPENDICES

(See the following pages)

 Appendix A. Cover Page

LEADERSHIP PRACTICES AND INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY OF

SOUTHEASTERN MINDANAO PUBLIC SCHOOLS

MATEO D. DEDAL

December 2017
 Appendix B. Sample Academic Integrity Declaration Page

Republic of the Philippines

DAVAO ORIENTAL STATE COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Graduate School Dahican, 8200 Mati, Davao Oriental

ACADEMIC INTEGRITY DECLARATION

I, MATEO D. DEDAL, declare that this research is my own original work.

Most stipulations presented herein are mine alone. Borrowed ideas are given

due recognition and are properly acknowledged. With the best of my ability,

this investigation was treated with utmost care to adhere to internationally

known standards/policies on academic integrity.

I attest further that this piece of academic requirement has not been

submitted previously for an academic credit in this or in any other course.

_____________________________

Researcher

_____________________________

Date
 Appendix C. Sample Abstract

ABSTRACT

DEDAL, MATEO D., Senior High School Department, Davao Oriental State

College of Science and Technology, Dahican, 8200 Mati, Davao Oriental,

Philippines, December 2017, EFFECTIVENESS OF SCHOOL-BASED

MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION –

DAVAO ORIENTAL DIVISION SCHOOLS

Adviser: Jose P. Magtatambag

The text of this page is single-spaced; consists ideally from 300 to 400
words or no more than one page. Readers more often read the abstract first
and decide from there whether to read the entire thesis or not.

According to APA Manual (2001), abstract is a summary of the contents

of the research. For empirical studies, it should describe the problem under
investigation, the respondents or subjects and their pertinent attributes, the
methods and materials, data-collection procedures, the findings, the
conc1usions and the implications or applications.

It is accurate, self-contained, concise and specific, non-evaluative,

coherent and readable. Accurate meaning it should reflect its purpose and
content. Information not found in the body of the paper should not be
included. A useful way of verifying accuracy is through comparison with the
outline of the paper. Self-contained since it defines all abbreviations, acronyms,
unique terms. It paraphrases ideas and properly cites authors. Furthermore,
it is concise and specific while making each sentence maximally informative.
Abstracts starts with the most important information.

It is non-evaluative since the paper is expected to be based from facts

and is free from any comment. It is coherent and readable for it utilizes the
active voice; the present tense in describing results; past tense in describing
methods being used; the third person rather than the first person
 Appendix D. Title Page

EFFECTIVENESS OF SCHOOL-BASED MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS OF THE

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION – DAVAO ORIENTAL DIVISION SCHOOLS

A Thesis

Presented to

The Faculty of the Senior High School Department

Davao Oriental State College of Science and Technology

Dahican, 8200 Mati, Davao Oriental, Philippines

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the

Practical Research 2

MATEO D. DEDAL

December 2017
 Appendix F. Sample Approval Sheet

APPROVAL SHEET

In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the applied subject, Practical

Research 2, this thesis entitled, “Effectiveness of School-based Management

Programs of the Department of Education - Davao Oriental Division

Schools”, prepared and submitted by Mateo D. Dedal, is hereby recommended

for approval and acceptance.

JOSE P. MAGTATAMBAG

Adviser

Approved by the Thesis Advisory Committee:

_________________________________________
Chairperson

_____________________ _____________________ _____________________

Member Member Member

Accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the appliedl subject,

Practical Research 2.

_________________________________

SHS Administrator
 Appendix G1. Sample Table of Contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

ACADEMIC INTEGRITY DECLARATION i

COPYRIGHT PAGE (optional) ii

ABSTRACT iii

TITLE PAGE iv

APPROVAL SHEET v

ACKNOWLEDGMENT vi

DEDICATION vii

TABLE OF CONTENTS viii

LIST OF TABLES xiv

LIST OF FIGURES xv

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS (optional) xvi

LIST OF FIGURES xvii

Chapter

1 INTRODUCTION

Background 1

Statement of the Problem 6

Objectives of the Study 7

Significance of the Study 8

Scope and De/Limitation 10

Definition of Terms 10
Appendix G2. Sample Table of Contents
2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE AND FRAMEWORK
Literature and Studies 18

Theory Base 55

Conceptual Framework 56

3 METHODOLOGY

Design 58

Sampling 58

Collection 60

Data 63

Presentation 64

Analyses 79

4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Topic 1 / Problem 1 80

Topic 2 / Problem 1 91

Topic 3 / Problem 1 109

5 SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Summary 132

Conclusions 137

Recommendations
139

REFERENCES (BIBLIOGRAPHY) 142

 Appendix G3. Sample Table of Contents

APPENDICES

Appendix A 145

Appendix B 146

Appendix C 147

. . .. . .. . .

Appendix X 160

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH (CURRICULUM VITAE) 161

 Appendix H. List of Tables

LIST OF TABLES

Table Page
1 Age and Gender of Respondents 12

2 Civil Status and Educational Attainment

of Public School Administrators 15

. . .. . .. . .

X Distribution of Respondents
66

Appendix I. List of Figures

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure Page

1 Monthly Income of School Heads 22

2 Attendance to In-Service Trainings 15

. . .. . .. . .

X Annual Budget of the Division

57
 Appendix J. Sample Tabular Presentation

Table 1. Ages of Respondents by Gender

Age Respondents
Male Female
f % f %
16-25
26-35
36-45
Total
f Source: Arianne D Research, Ltd., 2020
 Appendix L. Definition of Terms Page

Definition of Terms

The following terms are defined operationally in this study:

Effectiveness refers to the degree to which objectives are achieved

and the extent to which targeted problems are resolved. In contrast to

efficiency, effectiveness is determined without reference to costs; also

means "doing the right thing."

School-based Management is a research based, committed,

structured, and decentralized method of operating the school district

within understood parameters and staff role to maximize resource

effectiveness by transferring the preponderant share of the entire school

system's budget, along with the corresponding decision-making power, to

the local schools on an equitable lump-sum basis, based upon a

differentiated per pupil allocation to be spent irrespective of source in the

best interests of the students in those schools according to a creative

local school plan and local school budget developed by the principal

collaboratively with trained staff, parents and students as stakeholders,

and approved by the superintendent.

Department of Education refers to …

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V.3.4.3.3

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and Submission Requirements. Cornell University Graduate
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Guide for the Electronic Submission of Thesis and Dissertation (2010).

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http://www.gradschool.duke.edu

Guide to Theses and Dissertations (2004). The Graduate Centre. School

of Graduate Studies. The University of Auckland, Auckland, New
Zealand. http://www.postgrad.auckland.ac.nz

Implementing Rules and Regulation (n.d.). Manual of Operations.

Department of Graduate Studies. Davao Oriental State College of
Science and Technology. Mati City, Davao Oriental, Philippines

NCSU Graduate School Guideline and Requirements for Masters Theses

and Doctoral Dissertations (2009). Electronic Theses and
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University. http://etd.ncsu.edu

Organization and Formatting Guidelines for Theses, Dissertations and

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Coral Gables. FL USA. http://etd.library.miami.edu/students.html

Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 5th ed.

(2001). Washington, D.C. http://www.apa.org
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Thesis and Dissertation Format Guide (2007). Student Handbook. Graduate

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