BAKTERI YANG MENGINFEKSI

MUSKULOSKELETAL

OLEH
M.SABIR

BAGIAN MIKROBIOLOGI
FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN
BAKTERI YANG MENGINFEKSI
MUSKULOSKELETAL

Staphylococcus
Streptocuccus
Bacillus
Mycobacterium
 STAPHYLOCOCCUS

• Staphyloccocci - derived from Greek

“stapyle” (bunch of grapes)
• Gram positive cocci arranged in clusters
• Include a major human pathogen and
skin commensals
 Grouping for Clinical
Purposes
• 1. Coagulase positive Staphylococci
• Staphylococcus aureus

• 2. Coagulase negative Staphylococci

• Staphylococcus epidermidis
• Staphylococcus saprophyticus
Spesies yang penting dan sering
menimbulkan penyakit
S. aureus,
S. epidermidis,
S. capitis,
S. hominis,
S. saprophyticus.
STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS

large, round, opaque colonies

facultative anaerobe
inhabitant the skin,
mucous membranes,
Spherical cells, irregular
clusters, gram positive,
lack spores and flagella ,
encapsulated.
 The Enzymes of S. aureus
Coagulase
coagulates plasma and blood
causes fibrin deposited around staph cells.
stop action host defenses “phagocytosis”
produced 97% of S. aureus
Hyaluronidase, promote invasion “spreading
factor”
staphylokinase, digests blood clots
Nuclease, digests DNA(DNase); and
Lipase, help bacteria colonize skin surfaces.
Penicillinase, inactivate penicillin
 The Toxins of S. aureus
Blood cell toxins
(hemolysins and leukocidins),
Intestinal toxins,
Epithelial toxins.
Alpha-toxin.
Beta-toxin;
Delta-toxin
Gamma-toxin.
Enterotoxins
Exfoliative toxin
Toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST)
Localized Cutaneous Infections

Folliculitis
Hidradenitis
Furuncle .
Carbuncle
 Systemic Infections
osteomyelitis
Toxigenic Staphylococcal Disease
Staphylococcal scalded skin
syndrome (SSSS).
 Staphylococcus epidermidis
• Skin commensal
• Has predilection for plastic material
• Ass. With infection of IV lines,
prosthetic heart valves, shunts
• Causes urinary tract infection in
cathetarised patients
 Streptococcus
Arrangement beadlike chains, spherical,
rodlike, non-spore-forming, nonmotile,
form capsules and slime layers,facultative
anaerobes, production lactic acid, not
form catalase, peroxidase Colonies small,
nonpigmented, glistening. sensitive drying,
heat, and disinfectants
STREPTOCOCCUS PYOGENES
serious pathogen of
humans, relatively strict
parasite, inhabiting the
throat, nasopharynx,
 Cell Surface Antigens
and Virulence Factors
Surface antigens (carbohydrates,
polysaccharides, teichoic acids) protect
lysozyme defense.
Lipoteichoic acid, for adherence to
epithelialcells
M-protein, resisting phagocytosis
Major Extracellular Toxins
Streptolysins, two types
are streptolysin O (SLO)
and streptolysin S
(SLS). (erythrogenic*)
pyrogenic toxin.
bright red rash typical of
this disease,
Major Extracellular Enzymes

Streptokinase, digestion
of fibrin play a role in
invasion. Hyaluronidase,
spreading pathogen
Streptodornase (DNase)
hydrolyzing DNA.
 Skin Infections
pyoderma or erysipelas;
pharyngitis or tonsillitis
 Systemic Infections
streptococcal toxic shock syndrome,
rheumatic* fever (RF), acute
glomerulonephritis (AGN), carditis
 Bacillus
Aerobic,
catalase-positive, not
fastidious. habitat soil,
medical importance B.
anthracis, B. cereus,
 Bacillus anthracis
largest , bacterial pathogens,
Nonmotile, rods, spores, virulence
factors polypeptide capsule and
exotoxins, cutaneous anthrax,
pulmonary anthrax capillary
thrombosis, cardiovascular shock.
septicemia can cause death in a few
hours. Gastrointestinal anthrax
Methods of Anthrax Control
Penicillin, tetracycline, vaccine,
effective vaccination requires
six inoculations given over
11⁄2 years, with yearly
boosters. Animals
that have died from anthrax
must be burned
Mycobacterium leprae
Causa leprosy, acid-fast
rods, cannot be grown on
nutrient mediums or in cell
cultures.
 Diagnosis.
nasal mucosa scrapings,
Ziehl-Neelsen staining,
polymerase chainreaction
 Therapy
Paucibacillary forms: dapson
plus rifampicin six months.
Multibacillary forms: dapson,
rifampicin, and clofazimine
two years.