§5. Regularization

Left regularizator
Let T be a bounded linear operator de…ned from a normed space E into
a normed space F: Saying a left regularizator of T denoted by Rl all bounded
linear operator de…ned from F into E such that

Rl (T ') = (I Al ) '; (1)

where Al is a compact linear operator de…ned from E into itself.

T R
E ! F !l E
' 7! T ' 7! Rl (T ')

Right regularizator
Let T be a bounded linear operator de…ned from a normed space E
into a normed space F: Saying a right regularizator of T denoted by Rr all
bounded linear operator de…ned from F into E such that

T (Rr ) = (I Ar ) ; (2)

where Ar is a compact linear operator de…ned from F into itself.

R T
F !r E ! F
7! Rr 7! T (Rr )

Regularizators
Let T be a bounded linear operator de…ned from a normed space E into
a normed space F: Saying a regularizator of T denoted by R all bounded
linear operator de…ned from F into E such that

RT = I Al ;

and
TR = I Ar ;
where Al and Ar are two linear operators de…ned from E into E and from
F into F respectively.

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Theorem 1
The di¤ erence between the left regularizator Rl and the right regulariza-
tor Rr is a compact operator.

Proof
According to the relations (1) and (2); we have

Rl T = I Al :

The composition on the right by the operator Rr gives us

Rl T Rr = (I Al )Rr = Rr Al Rr ;

and
T Rr = I Ar :
The composition on the left by the operator Rl gives us

Rl T Rr = Rl (I Al ) = Rl Rl Al :

Whence, the di¤erence between the operators

Rl T Rr = Rr Al Rr ;

and
Rl T Rr = Rl Rl Ar ;
implies that, the operator

Rl Rr = Al Rr Rl Ar ;
is a compact operator as a sum of two compact operators.

Left equivalent regularizator

Let T be a bounded linear operator de…ned from a normed space E
into a normed space F: Saying a left equivalent regularizator of T the left
regularizator Rl such that, the original equation

T ' = f;

and the left regularizing equation

Rl T ' = ' Al ' = Rl f;

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admit the same solutions.

Theorem 2
The left regularizator Rl is a left equivalent regularizator, if and only if
Rl is injective.

Proof

First case

Let ' be a solution of the left regularizing equation and the original
equation. Say
Rl T ' = Rl f ;
and
T ' = f:
Whence, we write*******************

Rl f = 0 , Rl T ' = 0
T' = 0 , f = 0
, N (Rl ) = f0g:

Hence, it follows that, Rl is injective.

Second case

Let ' be a solution of the left regularizing equation. Say

Rl T ' = Rl f , Rl (T ' f ) = 0:

The operator Rl is injective, then

N (Rl ) = f0g ) Rl (T ' f) = 0

,
T' f = 0 ) T' = f :

Hence, ' is a solution of the original equation.

Right equivalent regularizator

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Let T be a bounded linear operator de…ned from a normed space E into
a normed space F: Saying a right equivalent regularizator of T the right
regularizator Rr such that, the solution ' of the original equation
T ' = f;
is a range by the right regularizator Rr of the solution of the right regu-
larizing equation
T Rr = ' Al ' = Rl f:
In other words, we get
' = Rr :
Theorem 3
The right regularizator Rr is a right equivalent regularizator, if and only
if Rr is surjective.

Proof
First case
Let ' be a solution of the original equation. Say
T ' = f:
The solution ' is a range by the right regularizator Rr of the solution
of the right regularizing equation
T Rr = Ar = f;
this implies that, for all solution ' of the original equation there exists a
solution of the right regularizing equation such that
' = Rr :
Hence, it follows that, Rr is surjective.

Second case
Let ' be a solution of the original equation. Say
T ' = f:
The operator Rr is surjective, then there exists an element such that
' = Rr ;
or still
T Rr =f
Hence, is a solution of the right regularizing equation.

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Bibliography

[1] R. KRESS. Linear integral equations. Applied Mathematical Sci-

ences 82, Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg (1989).
[2] M. NADIR. Cours d’analyse fonctionnelle, université de Msila
2004.

Address. Prof. Dr. Mostefa NADIR

Department of Mathematics
Faculty of Mathematics and Informatics
University of Msila
28000 ALGERIA
E-mail: mostefanadir@yahoo.fr