Formula-List by Engr Sajid Hussain PDF

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COMPOSED BY : ENGR.SAJID HUSSAIN LASHARI
HEC /HAT/GAT/GENERAL
FORMULA SHEET
Math Topics
 Age problems
 Work hours problems
 Clock angles and Sector area
 Algebraic expressions
 Speed distance problems
 Fractions & Percentages
 Range, mean, Mod, Median
 Simple Geometry problems
 Basic Arithmetic
 Probability
 Ratios
 Profit, Discount problems
 Equation solving for Variables
Engineering with Sajid Hussain Engineers’ Inn A Project Of Smaak Tech Contact-03368129276
 Basic Calculations
 Square, Marble Size
 Bridge Length
 Fraction Based Gain, Loss
 Finding Share
1.Mean /Average
The mean average is not always a whole number.
The mean is the total of the numbers divided by how many numbers there are.
To work out the mean:
1. Add up all the numbers.

7 + 9 + 11 + 6 + 13 + 6 + 6 + 3 + 11 = 72
2. Divide the answer by how many numbers there are.

There are 9 numbers.
72 ÷ 9 = 8
So , the mean value is 8.
2. Mode
The mode is the value that appears the most./Most repeating value
7 9 11 6 13 6 6 3 11
1. Put the numbers in order:
3 6 6 6 7 9 11 11 13
2. Look for the number that appears the most.

6 appears more than any other number.
So the mode value is 6.
3.Median
The median is the middle value.
(A)Where the given numbers is in odd for example.

8,5,1,12,10,11,8,7,10
First rearrange the numbers in ascending order (note this point)
1,5,7,8, 8, 10,10,11,12
here n=9 means total numbers are nine whch is odd

then The number in the middle of the list is the median.
So the median value is 8.
(B) Where the given numbers is in even for example.

8,5,1,12,10,11,9,7,10 ,2
First rearrange the numbers in ascending order (note this point)
1,2,5,7, 8,9, 10,10,11,12
here n=10 means total numbers are nine which is even

then take average 8+9/2 = 8.5 is the median.
4.Range
The range is the difference between the biggest and the smallest number.
For Example 8,5,1,12,10,11,9,7,10 ,2
1. Put the numbers in order: 1,2,5,7,8,9,10,10,11,12

Subtract the smallest number from the biggest number:
12-1 =11 is the range .
5.Sum of Series
Sum of an series For Average = ( First term + Last term /2) x total number of
terms
Exp.what is the avg of first 20 multiples of 7?
7,14,21…….140
Sum=((7+140)/2) x 20
Sum=73.5 x 20
We have to find average so
Average =73.5 x 20/20=73.5 Ans
6.PROBABILITY
Classical Definition of Probability
COINS
1.For Single Coin
One is Hat and other is tail
2. Let us take the experiment of tossing two coins simultaneously:
When we toss two coins simultaneously then the possible of outcomes are: (two
heads) or (one head and one tail) or (two tails) i.e., in short (H, H) or (H, T) or
(T, T) respectively; where H is denoted for head and T is denoted for tail.
Therefore, total numbers of outcome are 22 = 43
Examples :
1. Two different coins are tossed randomly. Find the probability of:
(i) getting two heads
(ii) getting two tails
(iii) getting one tail
(iv) getting no head
(v) getting no tail

(vi) getting at least 1 head
(vii) getting at least 1 tail
(viii) getting atmost 1 tail
(ix) getting 1 head and 1 tail
Solution:
When two different coins are tossed randomly, the sample space is given by
S = {HH, HT, TH, TT}
Therefore, n(S) = 4.
(i) getting two heads:
Let E1 = event of getting 2 heads. Then,

E1 = {HH} and, therefore, n(E1) = 1.
Therefore, P(getting 2 heads) = P(E1) = n(E1)/n(S) = 1/4.
(ii) getting two tails:
Let E2 = event of getting 2 tails. Then,

E2 = {TT} and, therefore, n(E2) = 1.
Therefore, P(getting 2 tails) = P(E2) = n(E2)/n(S) = 1/4.
(iii) getting one tail:
Let E3 = event of getting 1 tail. Then,

E3 = {TH, HT} and, therefore, n(E3) = 2.
Therefore, P(getting 1 tail) = P(E3) = n(E3)/n(S) = 2/4 = ½
(iv) getting no head:
Let E4 = event of getting no head. Then,

E4 = {TT} and, therefore, n(E4) = 1.
Therefore, P(getting no head) = P(E4) = n(E4)/n(S) = ¼.
(v) getting no tail:
Let E5 = event of getting no tail. Then,
E5 = {HH} and, therefore, n(E5) = 1.
Therefore, P(getting no tail) = P(E5) = n(E5)/n(S) = ¼.
(vi) getting at least 1 head:
Let E6 = event of getting at least 1 head. Then,

E6 = {HT, TH, HH} and, therefore, n(E6) = 3.
Therefore, P(getting at least 1 head) = P(E6) = n(E6)/n(S) = ¾.
(vii) getting at least 1 tail:
Let E7 = event of getting at least 1 tail. Then,

E7 = {TH, HT, TT} and, therefore, n(E7) = 3.
Therefore, P(getting at least 1 tail) = P(E2) = n(E2)/n(S) = ¾.
(viii) getting atmost 1 tail:

Let E8 = event of getting atmost 1 tail. Then,
E8 = {TH, HT, HH} and, therefore, n(E8) = 3.
Therefore, P(getting atmost 1 tail) = P(E8) = n(E8)/n(S) = ¾.
(ix) getting 1 head and 1 tail:
Let E9 = event of getting 1 head and 1 tail. Then,
E9 = {HT, TH } and, therefore, n(E9) = 2.
Therefore, P(getting 1 head and 1 tail) = P(E9) = n(E9)/n(S)= 2/4 = ½
3.Let us take the experiment of tossing Three coins simultaneously:
When we toss three coins simultaneously then the possible of outcomes are:
(HHH) or (HHT) or (HTH) or (THH) or (HTT) or (THT) or (TTH) or (TTT)
respectively; where H is denoted for head and T is denoted for tail.
Therefore, total numbers of outcome are 23 = 8
4.Let us take the experiment of tossing Four coins simultaneously:
Each coin flip has 2 possible outcomes, so the flipping of 4 coins has 2x2x2x2 =
16 possible outcomes. We can enumerate all possible outcomes as follows, where
H indicates a head, and T a tail:
HHHH THHH
HHHT THHT
HHTH THTH
HHTT THTT
HTHH TTHH
HTHT TTHT
HTTH TTTH
HTTT TTTT
DICE
Single Dice :. If you throw a single dice, then it can fall six ways 1,2,3,45,6, each
of which is equally likely if the dice is true. So the probability of getting one
particular value is 1/6.
Two Dices :When two dices are thrown

11 12 13 14 15 16
21 22 23 24 25 26
31 32 33 34 35 36
41 42 43 44 45 46
51 52 53 54 55 56
61 62 63 64 65 66
CARDS
The primary deck of 52 playing cards in use today and includes thirteen ranks of
eachof the four French suits, diamonds (♦), spades (♠), hearts (♥) and clubs (♣)
Black =26
Red =26
Diamonds=13
Hearts =13
Clubs =13
Spades =13
Example 1 The probability of choosing a heart from a deck of cards is given by
Example 2 The probability of choosing a three from a deck of cards is
Example 3 The probability of a two coming up after rolling a die (singular for
dice) is
6.FACTORIAL
Factorials are very simple things. They're just products, indicated by an

exclamation mark. For instance, "four factorial" is written as "4!" and means
1×2×3×4 = 24.
7.PERMUTATION
The number of permutations of n objects taken r at a time is determined by the

following formula:
P(n,r)=n! / (n−r)!
Example Type No 1 : code have 4 digits in a specific order, the digits are
between 0-9. How many different permutations are there if one digit may only be
used once?
P(n,r)=10! /(10−4)!
=10⋅9⋅8⋅7⋅6⋅5⋅4⋅3⋅2⋅1 /6⋅5⋅4⋅3⋅2⋅1
=5040
Example Type No.2 :If here are 5 student , in how many ways they can sit?
5!=5 x 4 x 3 x 2 x 1=120
8-COMBINITION
Combinations are a way to calculate the total outcomes of an event where order
of the outcomes does not matter. To calculate combinations, we will use the
formula
nCr = n! / r! x (n - r)!
Example. How many different 4-person teams can b made from a group of 9
players?
=9!/5!(9-5)!=126
9-MARBLE SIZE
Marble size is 30cm x 30cm. How many marbles are required to cover a square
with side 4 m?
4m=400cm
Area=400 x 400
No of marbles=Area/Marble size
=400 x 400/30 x 30=177.77
10- LENGTH OF BRIDGE
If a man running at 16 km/h passed a bridge in 10 seconds, what is the length of

the bridge?
Speed = Distance /time
Length or Dist=speed x Time
16km=16000 m
16000m/h=16000/3600 m/s
So Length=4.44 x 10=44.4 m
11-EQUATION MAKING
Example Type No.1 : What is the number 3 more than the double of specific
value of x?
Ans .2x-3
Example Type No.2 What is the number 3 less than the double of specific value
of x.?
2x+3
12-LOG PROPERTIES
Log(x.y)=log x+logy
Log(x/y)=logx-log y
lne=1
ln x 2=2ln x
13. CLOCK ANGLES
Angle traced by hour hand in 12 hrs = 360°.

Angle traced by minute hand in 60 min. = 360/12=30°.
It mean 1 hour =30°.
Remember Before solving these types of question you must draw diagram of
clock.
Example :
Find the angle at 4 pm ?
Here the there are exact 4 hours so no need for calculations.
4 x 30 =120 Ans
2 .What is the angle between hour hand and minute hand of a clock at 08:30?
Here Note Hour hand is not exact on 8 and minute hand at 6
1st we calculate 6-8 pm =2 Hours
2 x 30 =60
But the hand hour away from 8 .
Simple you have to take minutes only 30=15
Now Total angle =75 Degrees.
3-What is the angle between hour hand and minute hand of a clock at 02:15 ?
Here Minute hand is at exact 3 but hour hand is not exact at 2 but little bit
towards 3
First calculate degrees from 2 to 3 =30 degress

As hour hand moves 15 minutes =7,5
The angle will be less than 30 because hour hand moves towards 3 =30-7.5=22.5
14-WORK SHARE
Amount of Work/Time=Output (Rate)
A can do a piece of work in 4 hours; B and C together can do it in 3 hours, while

A and C together can do it in 2 hours. How long will B alone take to do it?
A=1/4
B+C=1/3
A+C=1/2
C=1/2-1/4=1/4
B=1/3-1/4=1/12
So B alone will do in 12 hours
15-AREA & CIRCUMFERENCE OF CIRCLE
Area= π r2
Circumference of circle= 2 π r2
Remember diameter of circle = 2 x r
16- AREA OF SQUARE,TRIANGLE,RECTANGLE
Area of square= s2 s=any side
Perimeter=4s
Area of triangle= b x h/2
Perimeter= sum of all sides for square as well as rectangle.
Area of Equilateral triabgle= √3 /4 s2 s=any side
Perimeter(Triangle ) =3s
Area of rectangle= L x W
Perimeter =2 (L+W)
Volume of cylinder = π r2 x h
Volume of cube=a3
Area of a rhombus =). = 1 / 2 (Product of

diagonals )
Cube :
Let each edge of a cube be of length a. Then,
1. Volume = a3 cubic units.
2. Surface area = 6a2 sq. units.
3. Diagonal =√ 3a units.
Cylinder :
Let radius of base = r and Height (or length) = h. Then,
1. Volume = (π r2h) cubic units.
2. Curved surface area = (2 π rh) sq. units.
3. Total surface area = 2 π r(h + r) sq. units.
17- i VALUES
i=√-1
i2=-1
18- RATIO
3:b=x:c
x=?
3c=bx
X=3c/b
19-ALGEBRA
(a + b)2 = a2 +2ab + b2
a2 + b2 =(a + b)2 −2ab
(a - b)2 = a2 −2ab + b2;
a2 + b2 =(a - b)2 +2ab
(a + b+ c) 2 = a2 +b2 + c2+2(ab + bc + ca)
(a + b) 3 = a3 + b3 +3ab(a + b)
a3 + b3 =(a+b) 3−3ab(a + b)
(a−b) 3 = a3 −b3 −3ab(a−b)
a3 −b3 =(a−b) 3+3ab(a−b)
a2 −b2 =(a+b)(a−b)
a3 −b3 =(a−b)(a2 +ab + b2)
a3 + b3 =(a+b)(a2 −ab + b2)
x+x= 2x
2x+2y=2x+2y
Y x Y = Y2
an x am=am+n
20-DAY
100 days is equal to 14 weeks and 2 days if the seventh day of the week is
Sunday, after 14 weeks we end up with SundayS, then 2 days after will be
Tuesday;
so, after 100 days will be a Tuesday
21-AGE PROBLEM
If father is double the age of his son. 20 years ago he was 12 times that of son.
What is the age of father now?
F=2S
F-20=12(S-20)
2S-20=12S-240
10S=220
S=22
F=2S=44
22- % SHARE
A company sell three types of mobiles worth 100, 125, and 225. It sold equal no.
of all mobiles. What is the percent share of cheapest mobile?
Total=100+125+225=450
225=50%
100+125=225=50%
100 x 50/225=22.22%
23-SIMPLE INTEREST
If the interest on a sum borrowed for certain period is reckoned uniformly, then it
is called simple interest.
Let the principal = P, Rate = R% per annum (p.a) and Time = T years. Then ,
1. S.I. = (P x R x T / 100)
2. P = (100 x S.I. / R x T)
3.R = (100 x S.I / P x T)
4. T = (100 x S.I. / P x R).
24- SIMPLE EQU TO FIND VALUE OF VARIABLE
If a=3 find (a2) 3 -a=?
=a6-a
=36-3
=726
25-SQUARE ROOT, PERFECT SQUARE
Division Method :
Calculating a square root for a large number by prime factorization method often
time-consuming. To overcome this, we use the division method to find the square
root of a large number. Steps for calculating square root by division method for
perfect squares
 Take the number whose square root is to find.
 Place a bar over every pair of the digit of the number starting from that in
unit’s place (rightmost side).
 We divide the leftmost number by the largest number whose square is less
than or equal to the number under the leftmost bar.
 Take this number as the divisor and the quotient. The number under the
leftmost bar is considered to be the dividend.
 Divide and get the remainder.
 Bring down the number under the next bar to the right of the remainder.
 Double the divisor (or add divisor to itself).
 To the right of this divisor find a suitable number which together with
divisor forms a new divisor for the new dividend. The new number in the
quotient will have the same number as selected in the divisor. The condition
is the same as being either less or equal to that of the dividend.
This process continues till we get zero as the remainder. The quotient thus
obtained will be the square root of the number.
Example for Division Method
Let us find the square root of 225. Placing bar over the pair of digits in 225
starting from the unit place.
Start the division from the leftmost side. Here 1 is the number whose square is less
than 2. Putting it in the divisor and the quotient and then doubling it will give
Now we need to find a number for the blanks in divisor and quotient. Let that
number be x. We need to check when 2x multiplies by x gives a number which is
either less than or equal to 125.
Take x = 1, 2, 3 and so on and check. In this case, 24 × 4 = 96 and 25 × 5 = 125.

So we choose x = 5 as the new digit to be put in divisor and in the quotient. The
remainder here is 0 and hence 15 is the square root of 225. If the number is not a
perfect square, the remainder obtained is not zero. It will always leave some
remainder other than zero.
Square Roots of Decimals
Finding the square root of decimals is similar to that of numbers with no decimals.
The only difference is that in the manner of putting a bar over the numbers before
and after the decimal point. We place the bar over every pair of the number
starting from the unit’s place (before the decimal point). And we place the bar
over every pair of the number starting from the beginning of the number after the
decimal point.
If only one digit is there after the decimal point we can add zero to the right of the
number (after the decimal point) and make the pair. Consider finding the square
root of 132.25. The bar is placed over 32 as a pair and 25 as another one. In
156.351 the bar is placed over 56 and after the decimal point, the bar is placed
over .
26-INCERES /DECREASE IN PERCENTAGE
How much speed of train must be increased if time is reduced by 20%.
S=vt ,
suppose s=100, t=10
V=100/10=10
20% les time=10-2=8
V=100/8=12.5
12.5-10=2.5 hence 25%
27- GAIN- LOSS
Loss = (C.P.) - (S.P.).

Gain Percentage: (Gain %)
Gain % = (Gain x 100 / C.P)
Loss Percentage: (Loss %)

Loss % = (Loss x 100 / C.P )
C.P =Cost Price

S.P = Sell Price
28-PERCENTAGE
Concept of Percentage :
By a certain percent, we mean that many hundredths. Thus, x percent means x
hundredths, written as x%.
I. To express x% as a fraction: We have, x% = x / 100.
Thus, 48% = 48 / 100 = 12 / 25.
II. To express a / b as a percent :
We have a / b = (a / b × 100)%.
Percent to fraction: x% = x/100
Percentage formula: Rate/100 = Percentage/base
29-WORD PROBLEM
30-PROPERTIES OF LOGARITHMS
1. loga(xy) = loga x + loga y
2. loga(x / y) = loga x - loga y
3. logx x = 1
4. loga 1 = 0
5. loga (xp) = p(loga x )
6. loga x = 1 / logxa
31-FRACTIONS FORMULAS
32-CONSUMER MATH FORMULAS
Discount = list price × discount rate
Sale price = list price − discount
Discount Rate = discount ÷ list price
Sales Tax = price of item × tax rate
Interest = principal × rate of interest × time
Tips = cost of meals × tip rate
Commission = cost of service × commission rate
“BEST WISHES MAY ALLAH PAK GIVE YOU SUCCESS”

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ENGINEERS’ INN

COMPOSED BY : ENGR.SAJID HUSSAIN LASHARI

 Work hours problems

 Clock angles and Sector area

 Speed distance problems

 Fractions & Percentages

 Range, mean, Mod, Median

 Simple Geometry problems

 Profit, Discount problems

 Equation solving for Variables

 Square, Marble Size

 Fraction Based Gain, Loss

The mean average is not always a whole number.

To work out the mean:

1. Add up all the numbers.

2. Divide the answer by how many numbers there are.

1. Put the numbers in order:

2. Look for the number that appears the most.

The median is the middle value.

(A)Where the given numbers is in odd for example.

here n=9 means total numbers are nine whch is odd

(B) Where the given numbers is in even for example.

here n=10 means total numbers are nine which is even

For Example 8,5,1,12,10,11,9,7,10 ,2

1. Put the numbers in order: 1,2,5,7,8,9,10,10,11,12

12-1 =11 is the range .

Exp.what is the avg of first 20 multiples of 7?

We have to find average so

Average =73.5 x 20/20=73.5 Ans

Classical Definition of Probability

1.For Single Coin

One is Hat and other is tail

2. Let us take the experiment of tossing two coins simultaneously:

Therefore, total numbers of outcome are 22 = 43

(i) getting two heads

(ii) getting two tails

(iii) getting one tail

(iv) getting no head

(v) getting no tail

(vii) getting at least 1 tail

(viii) getting atmost 1 tail

(ix) getting 1 head and 1 tail

S = {HH, HT, TH, TT}

(i) getting two heads:

Let E1 = event of getting 2 heads. Then,

(ii) getting two tails:

Let E2 = event of getting 2 tails. Then,

(iii) getting one tail:

Let E3 = event of getting 1 tail. Then,

Let E4 = event of getting no head. Then,

Let E6 = event of getting at least 1 head. Then,

Let E7 = event of getting at least 1 tail. Then,

(viii) getting atmost 1 tail:

Therefore, total numbers of outcome are 23 = 8

4.Let us take the experiment of tossing Four coins simultaneously:

Two Dices :When two dices are thrown

Example 2 The probability of choosing a three from a deck of cards is

Factorials are very simple things. They're just products, indicated by an

The number of permutations of n objects taken r at a time is determined by the

=400 x 400/30 x 30=177.77

If a man running at 16 km/h passed a bridge in 10 seconds, what is the length of

Speed = Distance /time

Length or Dist=speed x Time