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11. Hatha Yoga Pradipika. English Translation by Pancham The Greatest Guru In My Universe
Sinh.
Dr. Ananda Balayogi Bhavanani has produced a veritable encyclopedia of various creatures are measured in numerical units and human
of Yoga, Sanathana and classical Indian philosophy, cleverly history is analyzed in “periods of time”.
expounding profound concepts, albeit simply and clearly, through
a tour of the numbers 1 to 10.
The power of numbers as an ordering device of the mind, which
A special feature is his revelations concerning the great secret enables human consciousness to “make sense” of the seemingly
of ‘number ’: Number is not just of the mundane world but a
haphazard flow of events, is obvious. Business is based on calculations.
doorway to the arcane - digits may be used to penetrate beyond
the physical into the metaphysical and this is the secret knowledge Governments rise and fall on the power of the numbers of people
of the Vedic mathematicians who could code Pi into a Bhajan they can garner in their support. Large numbers of anything
or derive Phi from the 24 syllables of the Gayatri. produce a great power, either for good or for bad. Witness the
His introduction to this system of ‘Yantra’, a unique method characteristic power of Nazi Germany or the hordes of Genghis Khan.
of the teachings of Ananda Ashram and Gitananda Yoga, carries
keys to understanding our individual Dharma and our cyclic Karmic Numbers even govern human destiny. Numbers are a measurement
flows. This is “Ankjyotisha” i.e. the influence of numerical coding of vibrations, of occurrences, of objects. Indeed, numbers are
embedded in your brain, or propensities from the month, day
the essence of life. In India, a philosophical system evolved
and year of your birth. Another term for this area of traditional
Jyotisha is “Anka Vignyan “ or “Wisdom of Numbers”. which explained the Universe with numbers. It was called Samkya
and was propagated by the Rishi Kapila. The Greeks also realized
Thus he skillfully enlarges the reader’s concept beyond ‘number’
as mere quantitative manipulation and opens the window to a the mystical value and content of numbers. “Numbers are at
contemplative journey into the alternative reality of the animistic, the root and the base of all things”, said Cornelius Agrippa.
magical sphere of qualitative mathematics. The great philosopher – mystic Pythagoras said, “All lies veiled
His exposition belongs in the library of every practitioner and teacher in numbers.” The Jewish thinkers understood these concepts
of Yoga as it is the best, most comprehensive and most understandable and the Kabala taught, “The Universe is built on numbers.” The
work upon the subject I have personally ever perused. great European thinker Leibniz wrote, “Numbers are the Universal
This volume is filled with succinct, rare and far-reaching concepts language.” Balzao postulated, “Number is an Entity, and at the
covering every phase of Yoga, giving innovative insights drawn same time, a Breath emanating from God. The Breath, alone
from Dr Ananda Balayogi Bhavanani’s Yogic and medical which could organise the physical Cosmos, where naught obtains
background.
the form but through Deity, which is an effect of number.” It is
I congratulate Dr Ananda Balayogi Bhavanani on this magnificent no coincidence that many famous European philosophers like
and original presentation and heartily commend and recommend Rene Descarte were basically mathematicians. It is said that
this wonderful opus to students and teachers throughout the
anyone who wished to study philosophy with Pythagoras had
world. “Yoga: 1 to 10” is a treasure that will be long valued.
first to study mathematics to discipline their mind.
Dr Jonn Mumford
(Swami Anandakapila Saraswati) Shri Ram Gopal Mujumdhar, Swami Kanakananda, who was
Sydney, NSW, Australia.
the Guru of Yogamaharishi Dr. Swami Gitananda Giri Guru Maharaj,
vi YOGA: 1 TO 10 BY DR ANANDA BALAYOGI BHAVANANI AN APPRECIATION AND BLESSINGS iii
He had the good fortune of learning Yoga from the great man
himself for two long years before he embarked on his medical
education. He got a chance to experience for himself that while
Yoga is for the body, mind and soul, medicine is primarily for INTRODUCTION
the body, and how they complement each other. Today Dr Ananda
is able to clearly enunciate, just as his great father did, the THE POWER OF NUMBERS
physiological and psychological benefits of Yogic practices.
IN THE EVOLUTION OF HUMAN CONSCIOUSNESS
Despite his youth, I particularly like his clarity in the objective
of Yoga. It is for the evolution of the soul. It is for progressing
Numbers are not merely arbitrary
into higher and higher states of consciousness. He is also blessed
through Swamiji’s teachings with the wherewithal to achieve these symbols invented by the mind of
goals. Swamiji’s teachings are simple but most powerful, and man to bring order into the diverse
Dr Ananda has become his instrument to convey his teachings objects of the world. Numbers are
to the whole world, thus making his own significant contribution.
archetypal; they exude their own
It is providential that he has taken over Swamiji’s mantle and power, energy and influence. They
among other things, I have been humbled by the grand cultural
are the outward manifestation of
extravaganzas on environmental and other matters, that Dr Ananda
and his mother, Meenakshi Devi (Amma) have eloquently deep, mystical patterns, which are
choreographed - so pleasing to the eye and ear and so soul the underlying order of the Universe.
satisfying. It is aptly fitting that he has been appointed Cultural Numbers are not simply measures
Ambassador for the World Yoga Community.
of quantity, but also reflections of
I like the interest Dr Ananda is taking to promote Yoga Sport inherent qualities. The Hindu mystics,
throughout the world. He is giving a new sense of hope and
known to the modern world as Yogis, meditated deeply on the
direction for the youth. It is my sincere hope and prayer that
Dr Ananda will be able to introduce Yoga Sport into the Olympics mysterious power of numbers and from these meditations, the
and thus fulfill one of Swamiji’s cherished dreams. science of Yantra was born. This great science systematically
My sincere and heartiest congratulations to Yogacharya Dr Ananda analyzes the manifest world of number, name and form, and
Balayogi Bhavanani on creating this illuminating and captivating explores the relationship amongst them. Numbers have the inherent
book Yoga: 1 - 10, on the eternal principles and treasured values power not only to reflect inner cosmic patterns, but also are a
of the science of Yoga, the mother of sciences, as enunciated
means of harnessing primordial forces and energies. These principles
by Swamiji. Yoga is the bedrock of the rich Indian culture, of
which we are justly proud. Dr Ananda has made the reading of Yantra may be applied in a practical sense in one’s spiritual
most fascinating by profusely and wisely illustrating the text Sadhana, as well as in one’s mundane pursuits in daily life.
with inspiring pictures and his own inimitable cartoons. This Yantric knowledge is deeply embedded in Hindu cultural
May God bless and guide Dr Ananda Balayogi Bhavanani in his patterns, even at the village level. For example, common villagers
noble mission! know that any effective governing body must be composed of
five members. Hence, traditional village leadership was called
Sri Bala Ratnam
Founder, Vibrational Breath Therapy, Australia. “Panchayat” or “a governing body composed of five members.”
iv YOGA: 1 TO 10 BY DR ANANDA BALAYOGI BHAVANANI INTRODUCTION v
He had the good fortune of learning Yoga from the great man
himself for two long years before he embarked on his medical
education. He got a chance to experience for himself that while
Yoga is for the body, mind and soul, medicine is primarily for INTRODUCTION
the body, and how they complement each other. Today Dr Ananda
is able to clearly enunciate, just as his great father did, the THE POWER OF NUMBERS
physiological and psychological benefits of Yogic practices.
IN THE EVOLUTION OF HUMAN CONSCIOUSNESS
Despite his youth, I particularly like his clarity in the objective
of Yoga. It is for the evolution of the soul. It is for progressing
Numbers are not merely arbitrary
into higher and higher states of consciousness. He is also blessed
through Swamiji’s teachings with the wherewithal to achieve these symbols invented by the mind of
goals. Swamiji’s teachings are simple but most powerful, and man to bring order into the diverse
Dr Ananda has become his instrument to convey his teachings objects of the world. Numbers are
to the whole world, thus making his own significant contribution.
archetypal; they exude their own
It is providential that he has taken over Swamiji’s mantle and power, energy and influence. They
among other things, I have been humbled by the grand cultural
are the outward manifestation of
extravaganzas on environmental and other matters, that Dr Ananda
and his mother, Meenakshi Devi (Amma) have eloquently deep, mystical patterns, which are
choreographed - so pleasing to the eye and ear and so soul the underlying order of the Universe.
satisfying. It is aptly fitting that he has been appointed Cultural Numbers are not simply measures
Ambassador for the World Yoga Community.
of quantity, but also reflections of
I like the interest Dr Ananda is taking to promote Yoga Sport inherent qualities. The Hindu mystics,
throughout the world. He is giving a new sense of hope and
known to the modern world as Yogis, meditated deeply on the
direction for the youth. It is my sincere hope and prayer that
Dr Ananda will be able to introduce Yoga Sport into the Olympics mysterious power of numbers and from these meditations, the
and thus fulfill one of Swamiji’s cherished dreams. science of Yantra was born. This great science systematically
My sincere and heartiest congratulations to Yogacharya Dr Ananda analyzes the manifest world of number, name and form, and
Balayogi Bhavanani on creating this illuminating and captivating explores the relationship amongst them. Numbers have the inherent
book Yoga: 1 - 10, on the eternal principles and treasured values power not only to reflect inner cosmic patterns, but also are a
of the science of Yoga, the mother of sciences, as enunciated
means of harnessing primordial forces and energies. These principles
by Swamiji. Yoga is the bedrock of the rich Indian culture, of
which we are justly proud. Dr Ananda has made the reading of Yantra may be applied in a practical sense in one’s spiritual
most fascinating by profusely and wisely illustrating the text Sadhana, as well as in one’s mundane pursuits in daily life.
with inspiring pictures and his own inimitable cartoons. This Yantric knowledge is deeply embedded in Hindu cultural
May God bless and guide Dr Ananda Balayogi Bhavanani in his patterns, even at the village level. For example, common villagers
noble mission! know that any effective governing body must be composed of
five members. Hence, traditional village leadership was called
Sri Bala Ratnam
Founder, Vibrational Breath Therapy, Australia. “Panchayat” or “a governing body composed of five members.”
vi YOGA: 1 TO 10 BY DR ANANDA BALAYOGI BHAVANANI AN APPRECIATION AND BLESSINGS iii
Dr. Ananda Balayogi Bhavanani has produced a veritable encyclopedia of various creatures are measured in numerical units and human
of Yoga, Sanathana and classical Indian philosophy, cleverly history is analyzed in “periods of time”.
expounding profound concepts, albeit simply and clearly, through
a tour of the numbers 1 to 10.
The power of numbers as an ordering device of the mind, which
A special feature is his revelations concerning the great secret enables human consciousness to “make sense” of the seemingly
of ‘number ’: Number is not just of the mundane world but a
haphazard flow of events, is obvious. Business is based on calculations.
doorway to the arcane - digits may be used to penetrate beyond
the physical into the metaphysical and this is the secret knowledge Governments rise and fall on the power of the numbers of people
of the Vedic mathematicians who could code Pi into a Bhajan they can garner in their support. Large numbers of anything
or derive Phi from the 24 syllables of the Gayatri. produce a great power, either for good or for bad. Witness the
His introduction to this system of ‘Yantra’, a unique method characteristic power of Nazi Germany or the hordes of Genghis Khan.
of the teachings of Ananda Ashram and Gitananda Yoga, carries
keys to understanding our individual Dharma and our cyclic Karmic Numbers even govern human destiny. Numbers are a measurement
flows. This is “Ankjyotisha” i.e. the influence of numerical coding of vibrations, of occurrences, of objects. Indeed, numbers are
embedded in your brain, or propensities from the month, day
the essence of life. In India, a philosophical system evolved
and year of your birth. Another term for this area of traditional
Jyotisha is “Anka Vignyan “ or “Wisdom of Numbers”. which explained the Universe with numbers. It was called Samkya
and was propagated by the Rishi Kapila. The Greeks also realized
Thus he skillfully enlarges the reader’s concept beyond ‘number’
as mere quantitative manipulation and opens the window to a the mystical value and content of numbers. “Numbers are at
contemplative journey into the alternative reality of the animistic, the root and the base of all things”, said Cornelius Agrippa.
magical sphere of qualitative mathematics. The great philosopher – mystic Pythagoras said, “All lies veiled
His exposition belongs in the library of every practitioner and teacher in numbers.” The Jewish thinkers understood these concepts
of Yoga as it is the best, most comprehensive and most understandable and the Kabala taught, “The Universe is built on numbers.” The
work upon the subject I have personally ever perused. great European thinker Leibniz wrote, “Numbers are the Universal
This volume is filled with succinct, rare and far-reaching concepts language.” Balzao postulated, “Number is an Entity, and at the
covering every phase of Yoga, giving innovative insights drawn same time, a Breath emanating from God. The Breath, alone
from Dr Ananda Balayogi Bhavanani’s Yogic and medical which could organise the physical Cosmos, where naught obtains
background.
the form but through Deity, which is an effect of number.” It is
I congratulate Dr Ananda Balayogi Bhavanani on this magnificent no coincidence that many famous European philosophers like
and original presentation and heartily commend and recommend Rene Descarte were basically mathematicians. It is said that
this wonderful opus to students and teachers throughout the
anyone who wished to study philosophy with Pythagoras had
world. “Yoga: 1 to 10” is a treasure that will be long valued.
first to study mathematics to discipline their mind.
Dr Jonn Mumford
(Swami Anandakapila Saraswati) Shri Ram Gopal Mujumdhar, Swami Kanakananda, who was
Sydney, NSW, Australia.
the Guru of Yogamaharishi Dr. Swami Gitananda Giri Guru Maharaj,
viii YOGA: 1 TO 10 BY DR ANANDA BALAYOGI BHAVANANI FORWARD i
11. Hatha Yoga Pradipika. English Translation by Pancham The Greatest Guru In My Universe
Sinh.
Yoga is the science of the SELF and can also be termed the
science of man in depth, the science of conscious evolution
or the science of human possibilities. Yoga not only has the
concepts but also the tools and technology needed to find OUR
SELF. While modern science or the modern scientist looks outward
for the smallest single unit of existence, the Yogi searches the
depth of his own self for the largest single unit of existence.
According to Yogamaharishi Dr Swami Gitananda Giri Guru Maharaj,
who was one of the foremost authorities on RISHICULTURE
ASHTANGA YOGA in the last century, Yoga is a science, and
not only is it a science but it is the Mother of Science.
Dr. I K Taimni, another learned scholar known for his great
analytical works on Yoga, even goes to the extent of calling
Yoga the “Science of Sciences”.
of Total Man (Yoga) that has arisen from it. It is imperative that
the youth of our world are awakened to the greatness inherent
in Indian Culture and Yoga and the link between both of them.
They must be given a proper and systematic training in Yoga
and our cultural heritage. Catching them young must be our
aim if we are to educate them about the greatness of this cultural
heritage of Yoga.
I wish that all those who go through this book find that it enriches
their knowledge of this science of Yoga and Indian Culture as
much as it did for me in its compilation.
Yoga Therapy Consultation with The evolutionary phases of the five Tattwas (elements) are an
inherent natural cycle that manifests in all human endeavors.
Yogacharya
By understanding these cycles we may move with natural rhythm,
Dr. ANANDA BALAYOGI BHAVANANI rather than go against the tides of time. We thus fulfill ourselves
(Member, International Association of Yoga Therapists, USA)
in a positive logical way rather than living haphazardly. This
Tuesday and Thursday from 6.00 pm. to 9.00 pm.
cyclical pattern duplicates the agricultural cycle of SOWING (three
For Prior Appointments Contact : phases), CULTIVATING (three phases), and HARVESTING (three
25, II Cross, Iyyanar Nagar, Pondicherry-605 013.
nd
phases). On the wheel of life, these nine distinct phases are
Tel: 2241561 Cell: 98423-11433 E-mail: abb@doctor.com
found to exist in a nine unit cycle of time. This cyclic progression
www.geocities.com/yognat2001/i_am_here
of time is known as the “Karma Yuga,” and the different phases
are as follows :
8 YOGA: 1 TO 10 BY DR ANANDA BALAYOGI BHAVANANI DHARMA MARGA: THE INDIVIDUAL PATH LIFETIME AFTER LIFETIME 9
of Total Man (Yoga) that has arisen from it. It is imperative that
the youth of our world are awakened to the greatness inherent
in Indian Culture and Yoga and the link between both of them.
They must be given a proper and systematic training in Yoga
and our cultural heritage. Catching them young must be our
aim if we are to educate them about the greatness of this cultural
heritage of Yoga.
I wish that all those who go through this book find that it enriches
their knowledge of this science of Yoga and Indian Culture as
much as it did for me in its compilation.
KURMA AVATARA
EKAH - ONE
Kurma Avatara, the tortoise, is the second incarnation of Mahavishnu.
This Avatara helped sustain the great mountain Mandara while PARA BRAHMAN
the Devas and Asuras churned the ocean for Amrita (nectar of
immortality), The Universal spirit of One-
using Vasuki the Ness is known as Para
serpent as a Brahman. This is the mighty
churning rope. energy of the universe that
There is an creates, and sustains, as well
Asana called as evolves through change.
Kurma Asana This metaphysical principle
and there is also of the universe is of the nature
an Upa Prana of pure existence, pure consciousness and pure bliss (Sat-Chit-
Vayu (minor air) Anandam). It is formless and not bound by the laws of space,
known by this name. time or causation. It is Nirguna, i.e. beyond the qualities of the
three Gunas. According to the Shwetasvatara Upanishad, “The
Divine is omnipresent, penetrating everything and is everywhere
JALA (APAS) simultaneously at one and the same time”. Although many Gods
are worshiped externally in Hinduism (Sanathana Dharma), it
Jala or Apas is the second element of the Pancha Maha Bhutas is well understood that behind them all, there is the same all
and is related to the Swadhisthana Chakra. The dexterity offered pervasive Brahman. This spiritual insight sees the identity of
by the hands, the adaptability of one’s nature, and the sensation the undying external Brahman and undying internal Atman as
of taste are all related to the fluidity of this element. Water may one and the same. According to the Isa Upanishad, all animate
be a life giving, healing spring, a soft mountain stream, a swift and inanimate objects of the universe are pervaded by the same
flowing river or even the mighty ocean. The silvery crescent universal spirit and this is exemplified by the verse, “Isavasyam
moon represents the Apas Mandala, as the movement of the idam sarvam yat kim cha jagatyam jagat”. All the four
tides with the phases of the moon is a well-known influence of Mahavakyams, which are concise utterances of the Upanishads,
celestial bodies on the elements. reiterate the oneness of the Atma, the Self within, and the Brahman.
Ardha Narishwara is the perfect symbol of Hatha Yoga, as this According to the Hatha Yoga Pradipika, the most important
concept represents balance of the opposites. The two flows of ONE Asana is the Siddha Asana. This is the pose of the Siddha,
28 YOGA: 1 TO 10 BY DR ANANDA BALAYOGI BHAVANANI
DWAITHA
DWAU - TWO
basic shape of the body used is that of the triangle. Fire gives energies in the body are the positive, masculine,
us the light of vision and wisdom, but it is also capable of solar energy on the right side, and the
burning us if we aren’t careful. Agni Devatha is the deity associated negative, feminine, lunar energy on
with fire and he is propitiated through the variety of Homas the left side. Balancing the energies
or Yagnas (fire offerings) that are part and parcel of the Indian of the “Ha” on the right side and the
way of life. Agnisthana, the abode of Agni, is said to extend “Tha” energy on the left is the essence
in the human body from the navel to the hips. Panchagni or of Hatha Yoga. Ardha Narishwara is that
five forms of fire reside in the vital body. These may also be form of Shiva where he is depicted as Lord
described as the centres of energy consumption in the physical Shiva on the right half and Goddess Parvati on
body. Classically, the Panchagni are listed as Kalagni, Vadavagni, the left side. We must realise that each one of
Parthivagni, Vaidutagni, and Suryarupagni or Jatharagni. Kalagni us has both masculine as well as feminine qualities
(Patalagni or Bhutagni) is said to burn in the Mooladhara, inherent within us and it is Yoga Sadhana that
while Vadavagni (Kashthapashanayorvahni) is in the bones. can bring these opposite energy flows into the
Parthivagni (Kashtha-pashanagni) is in the second part of the ideal balanced state of perfect physical, emotional
duodenum where bile enters the digestive process. Vaidutagni and mental being.
(Svantaratmakagni) burns in the ear, while Suryarupagni or
Jatharagni is the digestive fire that burns brightly in the Manipura
or Nabhi Mandala. Jatharagni is stimulated by various Hatha DWANDWAS
Yogic practices, such as the Agnisara.
“Dwandwas” are literally the ‘pairs of opposites’. They are an
important ‘obstacle course’ that must be
transcended in our Yoga journey. These
‘pairs of opposites’ include praise
- blame, good - bad, pleasant -
unpleasant, right - wrong, hot-
cold, hunger-satiety, honour-
dishonour etc that affect us at
the physical, emotional and mental
planes, and create ripples of
disturbances that stimulate the
chain reactions and vicious cycles/
spirals of action-reaction. Unless
the Dwandwas are transcended
STHITHA PRAJNA we cannot attain to the mentally
82 YOGA: 1 TO 10 BY DR ANANDA BALAYOGI BHAVANANI
ANAHATHA CHAKRA
Prana is the vital life force that acts as a catalyst in all our
activities, and Ayama, the expansion or control of this force. CHATVARAH - FOUR
Thus, Pranayama can be defined as the science of controlled,
conscious expansion of Prana. Gurus of Vedic times placed great FOUR PATHS TO GOD REALIZATION
importance on Pranayama, and advocated its practice in order
Four approaches to the Ultimate reality are blue printed in the
to unleash the hidden potential energy known as the Kundalini
Siddhanta tradition of South India. These are Charya, Kriya,
Shakti. Sage Vasishtha says that when the energy of the life
Yoga, and Jnana. These are similar to the concepts of Bhakti
force (Prana) is restricted, then the mind dissolves like a shadow
Yoga, Karma Yoga, Raja Yoga, and Jnana Yoga. In the Charya,
of an object when the object is absent. He also says, “The currents
the Bhakti aspect is emphasized and is also known as the Dasa
of the life force are restrained through dispassion, the practice
Marga, or the path of the servitor. It leads to the Salokya Mukti,
of philosophical argument, reasoning, and
where the devotee abides in the sphere of the Lord. In the second
the abstention of effort, as well as knowledge
path of Kriya, also known as Satputra Marga (path of the Lord’s
of the Ultimate Reality.” The Shandilyopanishad
child), there is emphasis on ritualistic worship and right action.
equates Pranayama with the Omkara.
It leads to the Samipya Mukti, where the devotee is close to the
Lord. The third approach is that of Yoga with intense contemplation
In the Hatha Yoga Pradipika, Swatmarama and is known as the Sakha Marga, the path of the Lord’s friend.
says, “Disturbed breath leads to a disturbed It leads to the Sarupya Mukti, where the devotee attains the
mind, hence, cultivate a steady and quiet form of the Lord. The final path is that of Jnana or direct realization
breath in order to control the mind and prolong known as the Sanmarga and it culminates in Sayujya Mukti, or
the life.” He also says , “The Lord of the complete Union with the Lord
senses is the mind, the Lord of the mind is
the breath; the master of breath is the nervous
system; quietness of the nerves and
concentration depend solely on the steady,
smooth and rhythmic sound of inhalation
and exhalation.”
CHATUR AVASTHAS progress and practice if one is not introspective. Study of the
scriptures is an important method of understanding the self and
According to Shiva Samhita there are four stages (Avasthas)
so many authorities translates Swadyaya as scriptural study.
in Pranayama Sadhana. They are Arambha Avastha (the stage
Patanjali promises us that perfection in Swadyaya leads us to
of commencement), Ghatavastha (the stage of
union with our desired form of the Divine (Ishta Devatha).
intense endeavor), Parichayavastha (the stage
of intimate knowledge), and Nispattivastha
(the stage of consummation).
PRANAYAMA
T h e H a t h a Yo g a P r a d i p i k a
also mentions these four The systematic
Avasthas as stages of practice of Yoga,
progress in Yoga as codified by
Sadhana itself. Maharishi Patanjali,
places Pranayama
as the fourth limb or Anga of Ashtanga
Yoga. He puts it above the Yama-Niyama
and Asana and says that one must practice
the Yama-Niyama and try to master Asana
CHATUR ASHRAMAS in order to be able to practice Pranayama.
He defines Pranayama as ‘The regulation
The Chatur Ashramas or four stages of human life, as described
of the movements of inhalation and
in the Yogic science of Yantra, are Brahmacharya, Grahasta,
exhalation’. He also states that by the
Vanaprastha, and Sanyasa. Brahmacharya is the period of life
practice of Pranayama, the darkness that
from birth to 27 years of age. This is the period of one’s life
hides the light of wisdom is destroyed.
that is devoted exclusively towards attaining knowledge. It is
He goes on to advise us that our mind
the period of study at the feet of a realised master (Guru). The
attains fitness for the Samyama practices
second phase of one’s life is the Grahasta Ashrama, or the householder
of Dharana, Dhyana and Samadhi through
phase. It is said to be from 27 to 54 years of age. This is the
perfection in Pranayama. Patanjali states
period of responsibility and obligations. It is the productive period
that Pranayama is regulated by place,
of life in family, financial and personal pursuits. The world can
time, and number, meaning that at various
be said to turn because of the persons in this Ashrama, as they
times in our Yoga Sadhana, different
have the responsibility to take care of all the other three groups. PRANAYAMA
Pranayamas are required to be practiced MUDRAS
The third stage of life is the Vanaprastha that runs from 54 to
in order to attain the ultimate spiritual
81 years of age. This is the retirement time when one can sit
goal of Moksha.
78 YOGA: 1 TO 10 BY DR ANANDA BALAYOGI BHAVANANI CHATVARAH - FOUR 63
FOURTH YAMA
The four legitimate aims of life are Dharma, Artha, Kama and
FOURTH NIYAMA
Moksha. Tiruvalluvar deals with the first three in his great Tamil
The fourth Niyama is Swadyaya, or an introspective self-analysis. scripture Tirukkural, under the headings of Aram, Porul and
This quality of introspection and self-analysis is vital on the Inbam. Dharma or Aram is the living of a righteous life with
Yoga Marga, as it is easy to develop false ideas of one’s evolutionary fulfillment of all duties in the spirit of Nishkama Karma (selfless
92 YOGA: 1 TO 10 BY DR ANANDA BALAYOGI BHAVANANI PANCHA - FIVE 93
The five traditionally accepted senses Vishuddha Chakra is the fifth Chakra
of man are known as the Jnanendriyas, of the subtle body and is related
as they help us to realise the existent to Akash, the element of space
world. They are Shotra (auditory or ether. Vishuddha is the centre
apparatus), Chakshu (visual of great purity and has sixteen
apparatus), Grahna (olfactory petals with the Sanskrit vowels
apparatus), Jihva (gustatory as their respective Dhala Bhija
apparatus), and Tvak (cutaneous sensory apparatus). These Mantras. Situated in the throat region,
senses are to be perfected through Yoga practices such as the this Chakra is correlated with the thyroid
Shat Karmas, and then controlled through the practice of Pratyahara
gland, as well as with the pharyngeal plexus in the physical
for the purpose of higher Yoga Sadhana. Practices such as the
plane. The Jnanendriya of Shotra (ears) and the Karmendriya
Shanmuki Mudra are an excellent practical representation of
of Vak (speech) are closely linked to this center, which is presided
sensory control in Yoga, as the fingers are used to “shut down”
over by Lord Shiva himself in the form of Vakvishudda (the bestower
the five senses.
of pure speech). ‘Hung’ is the Dhara Bhija that activates the
potent qualities of freedom, communication and empathy that
PANCHA KARMENDRIYA are associated with this Chakra. The classical shoulder standing
Sarvangasana is an excellent posture to activate this centre
In Yoga, the actions of the five action organs are known as the
and bring out its inherent qualities.
Pancha Karmendriyas. These are Pada (locomotion), Pani (dexterity),
Payu (excretion), Upastha (reproduction), and Vak (communication).
These are actually the sensation-based actions of the feet, hands, BAHIRANGA YOGA
rectum, genitals, and mouth, but are function-
dependent and not organ-specific. For example, Bahiranga Yoga, or the outer Yoga, consists of the five external
when we walk on our hands, the hands are processes of Ashtanga Yoga. These are listed as the Yama,
performing the function of Pada (feet-locomotion). Niyama, Asana, Pranayama and Pratyahara in the Yoga Sutras
Similarly when we paint with our toes, they because they are external to the Samyama practices. They can
are performing the function of Pani (hands- be seen and valued externally. However Yogamaharishi Dr Swami
dexterity). Padmasana with the hands in Yoga Gitananda Giri has maintained that Pratyahara belongs to the
Mudra is an excellent example of a physical inner processes of Antaranga Yoga, as sensory control and restraint
Pratyahara technique, as all the five are inner processes and not external. It is withdrawal from the
Karmendriyas are kept under control in this senses that is required, and not external manipulation such as
posture. blinding oneself, plugging the ears and nose, etc.
94 YOGA: 1 TO 10 BY DR ANANDA BALAYOGI BHAVANANI PANCHA - FIVE 91
The five subtle elements, known as Tanmatras, are perceived The five states of the mind according to Yoga and Indian philosophy
by the different Jnanendriyas (sensory organs) such as the eyes, are Mudha (the dull, inert, mindless state), Kshipta (the totally
ears, nose, tongue, and skin. These Pancha Tanmatras are Shabda distracted state of the mind), Vikshipta (the partially distracted
(hearing through the auditory apparatus), Rupa (sight through state of mind), Ekagratha (the one pointed state), and Niruddha
the visual apparatus), Gandha (smell through the olfactory apparatus), (the controlled state of no-
Rasana (taste through the gustatory apparatus), and Sparsha mind). Most worldly people
(the cutaneous sense of touch through the sensory apparatus). are in the first two states
These are a subtle mirror to the gross elements of earth (smell), as either they are either
water (taste), fire (sight), air (touch), and space or ether (hearing). dull or totally distracted.
Television commercials
keep getting shorter and
PRATYAHARA shorter as the attention span
The fifth step in Ashtanga Yoga is Pratyahara. This is the process keeps decreasing rapidly.
of restraining the outgoing senses at the cerebral level by higher The Yoga Sadhaka is able
consciousness. There are various Pratyahara Kriyas, such as to keep his mind in the state
the Shabda Kriya, in the Gitananda Yoga tradition, and they all of partial distraction and
help us to withdraw from the external sensory world just as a one-pointedness, and it is
tortoise withdraws into its shell. Pratyahara is an essential aspect the real Yogi who can go
of Yoga, and the senses (all 18 of them according to Yoga) are beyond the whirlpools of
to be controlled, in order for further spiritual progress to occur. the mind into the no-mind
Unless the senses are state.
controlled there can be
no Dharana and without
PANCHA CHITTA VRITTI
that, there is no Samyama
either. We must not forget According to Maharishi Patanjali, the five manifestations of the
that the Mind (Manas) is “sub conscious mental chatter” of the Chitta Vritti are Pramana
also a “sense” according (cognition or right knowledge), Viparyaya (misconception or wrong
to Indian culture, and the knowledge), Vikalpa (imagination), Nidra (process of sleep) and
control of the mental Smrithi (process of memory). All these five mental processes
process is also part of must be curtailed by Abhyasa (dedicated and disciplined practice),
Pratyahara at another and Vairagya (dispassionate detachment), in order for us to rest
YOGA IS HARNESSING THE SENSES
level. in our true self.
90 YOGA: 1 TO 10 BY DR ANANDA BALAYOGI BHAVANANI
Vyana is controlled from the spinal cord and permeates the whole
body. It has its centre of energy near the sex organs. It is responsible
for the contraction and relaxation of muscles, both voluntary as
well as involuntary, and is the principal energy of circulation.
The five Upa Prana Vayus (the lesser or minor vital airs) are Naga,
Kurma, Krikara, Devadutta, and Dhananjaya. These are also known
as the Nagadi Prana Vayus because they start with the Naga. Naga
is the energy that causes eructation, or belching and vomiting. As
a force it is bubbling. Kurma causes hiccoughing (hiccup) and eye
blinking. Its force is convolutionary. Krikala or Krikara is used in
sneezing and gastric secretion. As a force it is explosive. Devadutta
is used in yawning and in hunger, and as a force it is said to be
of a drawing or yearning nature. Dhananjaya is the energy used
in fatigue and is associated with the drooping of the eyelids and
the redness of the ears before sleep. It
also functions in the distribution of fatty
globules to body parts.
The Shat Ripus, or six enemies of the spirit that lead to the destruction
PANCHA RINA of man, are Kama (passion), Krodha (anger), Lobha (greed), Moha
(infatuation), Mada
The five debts that we owe in our life to the various persons (pride), and Maatsarya
and forces that have influenced us are known as the Pancha (malice or envy). Unless
Rina. These five debts are to our mother (Matru Rina), father these enemies are
(Pithru Rina), the Gurus of the present and past (Rishi Rina), vanquished, one can
the Gods (Deva Rina), and the Universal Self (Atma Rina). The have neither peace of
worst sin according to Indian Culture is ingratitude, and that is mind nor spiritual
why Indian culture has stressed upon not only the feeling of evolution. The Yama and
gratitude, but also the expressing of it through thought, word, Niyama, as well as the
and deed. development of Yogic
110 YOGA: 1 TO 10 BY DR ANANDA BALAYOGI BHAVANANI
NAVA - NINE
DHARMA SADHANA
NAVADHA PRANAYAMA
ANTARAYAS
known as the Samyama, and Maharishi Patanjali in his Yoga attitudes, and by control of Prana. They can also be removed
Sutras lists many objects upon which this three-some Samyama by merging the mental consciousness into supersensory perception
may be practised. (through practices such as Nada Yoga, Trataka, and Kechari
Mudra) or by inner illumination (Bhrumadhya Dharana or Nada
Dharana). Other methods given by Patanjali include Vairagya,
SAPTA RISHIS and developing the method of conscious dreaming and conscious
sleeping, as well as meditation
Each age or Manvantara has seven great Rishis. The seven
great Rishis of the first Manvantara are said to be Marichi, Atri,
Angiras, Pulaha, Kratu, Pulastya, and Vashista. The
NAVARATHRI
Sapta Rishis of the present Manvantara are the forefathers
of all present day Brahmanas. The Gotras that are The nine nights of Devi constitute a great religious festival all
named after these Rishis are used to identify the over India. This is celebrated as Navarathri or Durga Puja, with
different families that have sprung from their the tenth day being celebrated as Dasara. Navaratri is observed
progeny. The seven great seers of this age in the month of Ashvini preceding Dasara. It commences with
are Kashyapa Maharishi, Atri Maharishi, the new moon of Ashvini, and terminates with Mahanavami on
Jamadagni Maharishi, Bharatwaja Maharishi, the ninth lunar day of the bright half of the month. Dasara is
Vishwamitra Maharishi, Vashishta Maharishi observed on the tenth day of
and Gauthama Maharishi. They have been the bright half of the month
immortalized by a constellation of seven of Ashvini. The Dasara festival
stars, named the Sapta Rishi Mandalam held at Mysore is one of India’s
(constellation of seven Rishis). most colorful phenomena. The
spectacular procession taken
out on this day is a veritable
extravaganza. The Ramalila
SEVEN CHAPTERS OF GHERANDA SAMHITA
at Varanasi, where the
This Tantric Sanskrit text is in the form of a dialogue between battle between Lord
Maharishi Gheranda and his disciple Chanda Kapali. It contains Rama and Ravana is
317 verses divided into seven chapters or lessons. These seven depicted, is one of
chapters deal with purification of the body, Asanas, Mudras, Pratyahara, the most famous
Pranayama, Dhyana and Samadhi respectively. The term “Sapta attractions of
Yoga” has come into existence to describe this system of Yoga India that
where these seven limbs are followed without observance of the occurs during
Yama and Niyama of Patanjali’s Ashtanga Yoga. GODDESS DURGA this period.
118 YOGA: 1 TO 10 BY DR ANANDA BALAYOGI BHAVANANI SAPTA - SEVEN 107
Navarathri usually occurs during the months of September - Tamil Siddha Saint Tirumoolar, it is the seat of Shivaloka, and the
October of each year. The first three nights are celebrated with Panchakshara Japa of “Om Nama Shivaya” is the means to attain
worship for Durga (Goddess of valour), the next three for Lakshmi it. Though it is usually depicted as a thousand petalled lotus drooping
(Goddess of prosperity), and the last three for Saraswati (Goddess down over the head, Yogamaharishi Dr Swami Gitananda Giri was
of knowledge and the fine arts). Young girls are worshipped as adamant in his Dakshina Marga Tantric teachings that the lotus
forms of the goddess on each of these nights, and many ceremonies was a blooming, upward facing lotus of life. He explained that the
and fine art festivals are conducted in a joyous manner. The drooping lotus was the one that is experienced before Kundalini
last day is celebrated as the Ayudha Puja, or worship of implements arousal, and that as the Shakti moves up through the Chakric
and all the implements of trade and education are worshipped. pathway, the lotus is given life and blooms upwards towards the
The tenth day is celebrated as Vijaya Dasami, and students go Divine.
to their teachers to learn new lessons in their respective arts.
DHYANA
NAVA RASA
Dhyana, the seventh limb of
Nava Rasas are the nine emotions that are depicted in Indian
Patanjali’s Ashtanga Yoga, may
Dance. These are Sringara (love), Hasya (laughter), Karuna
be defined as the “meditative
(compassion), Roudra (anger), Veera (heroism), Bhaya (fear),
state of being”. There is
Bhibadsa (disgust), Adbhuta (wonder-awe), and Shanta (peacefulness).
tremendous misconception
The Nava Rasas are a major form of emotional catharsis. Even
about the word “meditation”,
negative emotions such as fear and disgust, are expressed in
and many think that it is
a dignified, refined manner and the emotions
merely “sitting quietly”.
are used consciously. Thus, Natya (dance)
The real meditative
helps cleanse the negative aspects
state may be attained
of human emotions and sublimate
only when the Sadhaka
them, making way for the higher
has prepared himself
emotions of Divine Bhakti. The
or herself through
Nava Rasa are also a great CHAKRA DHYANA
a dedicated and
means of psychological
determined practice of the previous limbs namely the Yama,
preventive therapy.
Niyama, Asana, Pranayama, Pratyahara, and Dharana. Dhyana
occurs when Dharana or the one-pointed concentrated state is
perfected, and perfection in Dhyana leads us into the exalted
state of Samadhi, or oneness with the Divine. As Dharana, Dhyana
BHAYA, ONE OF THE NAVARASAS and Samadhi flow seamlessly from one into the other, they are
106 YOGA: 1 TO 10 BY DR ANANDA BALAYOGI BHAVANANI NAVA - NINE 119
It is believed that below the Patala resides Shesha or Ananta, Most modern societies give little or no scope for expression of
who bears the entire world on his head and is accompanied by these emotions in a proper, dignified, controlled manner whereas
his Shakti, known as Varuni. It is traditionally taught that Maharishi the Nava Rasas enable youngsters to experience these emotions
Patanjali was an Avatar of Shesha Naga. with detachment. This detached expression produces a balanced,
wholesome personality and an embodiment of Sama Bhava, or
equal mindedness.
SAPTA SWARA
will ever take place in this Rahu Kalam for it is considered SEVEN DHATUS
an inauspicious time to do any activity. This period of one
The Sapta Dhatus, or seven substances that make up the human
and half hours that occurs in a certain pattern on different
body, according to Indian systems of Medicine are Rasa (chyle,
days of the week dictates the timings of many journeys,
plasma, interstitial fluid), Rakta (blood, erythrocytes), Maamsa
weddings, land registrations and even the timing of official
(flesh, muscle-tissue), Medas (fat, adipose tissue), Asthi (bone
work. One of the first things that a family does when a child
tissue), Majjaa (bone marrow), and Sukra (semen and glandular
is born is to chart its Kundali or Jatakam, which is a representation
secretions).
of the Nava Grahas in relation to the child’s birth. Yoga
appreciates the influences of these Grahas but emphasies
that a disciplined Yoga Sadhana can overcome or ameliorate
SAPTA LOKA
most obstacles, even those produced by unlucky stars, in
our spiritual journey from the self to the SELF. The seven worlds, or
Higher Planes of
The different planets are represented in the human body in the Consciousness, are
following manner. The Sun represents the soul, Moon the mind, Bhuh Loka (earth),
Mars our perseverance, Mercury, the voice, Jupiter, our wisdom Bhuvah Loka (sky, space),
(learning), Venus, our Love, and Saturn, our sobriety and thoughtfulness. Svar Loka (heaven), Mahah Loka
These planets influence human life and the body continuously. (the middle region), Janah Loka (the
In addition to these planets, there are two shadow planets (Rahu place of births), Tapah Loka (the mansion
and Ketu), whose effects are also seen in our day-to-day life. of the blessed), and the Satya
Loka (the abode of the
Ultimate Reality, Truth).
NAVA RATNAS All of these worlds are
invoked in the chanting
There are innumerable gemstones in existence, but of these,
of the sacred Gayatri
only nine distinct gemstones are considered “Precious Gems”
Mantra Japa.
by Vedic or Jyotish astrologers since ancient times. These are,
Mukta or Motthu (white pearl), Manikya (ruby), Vaidoorya (chrysoprasus
or cat’s eye), Gomeda (beryl, cinnamon stone or hessonite),
SAPTA NARAKA
Vajra or Vairam (diamond), Vidruma or Pavazham (red coral),
Padmarago or Pushparagam (jacinth, yellow sapphire or hyacinth), The “Seven Hells”, or Lower Planes of Consciousness, are Satala,
Marakatam (emerald), and Neela (blue sapphire). The Navaratna Vitala, Mahatala, Rasatala, Talatala, Atala, and Patala. They
ornament with nine gemstones is also considered a “Kavacha”, are inhabited by the Naga serpent divinities that have crest jewels
a talisman, armour, or “body guard”. on their heads, and also the Danavas, or a minor type of Asura.
104 YOGA: 1 TO 10 BY DR ANANDA BALAYOGI BHAVANANI NAVA - NINE 121
It influences the actions of the pituitary gland, and corresponds In Tantra Sara, a famous Tantric scripture, the human body is
to the cavernous plexus. stated to be “an island of nine gems”. These nine gems correspond
with the nine constituents (Dhatus) of the human body. The gems
Sahasrara (Lotus of a Thousand Petals): It is situated at the
are related to the nine ingredients (Dhatus) as follows. Yellow
top of the head and influences the actions of the pineal gland.
Sapphire (flesh), Blue Sapphire (hair), Cat’s Eye (skin), Red
It is related to the hypothalamus and forebrain.
Coral (blood), White Pearl (bone), Emerald (marrow), Hessonite
(fat), Diamond (semen and glandular secretion), and Ruby (Prana,
vitality, or the Life Force).
The nine gems are also related to the Nava Grahas, and are
said to manifest special powers and qualities through them.
also have a relationship to the nine Dhatus, we can assume Anahata (Lotus of Unstruck Sound): This Chakra of twelve
that the different grains that are used in the Puja, as well as in petals is rooted near the 7th cervical vertebra, and corresponds
cooking, have an effect on the body through the Dhatus. to the cardiac plexus.
Some examples for starters are: z Of the 18 Puranas written by Veda Vyasa, there are six
each for Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva.
z The 11 senses consisting of the Dasa Indriyas (five Jnanendriyas
and five Karmendriyas) plus Manas, the mind. z Yogamaharishi Dr Swami Gitananda Giri has elucidated
18 senses that include the normal as well as para-sensory
z Ekadasi, the eleventh day after a new moon, which is
aspects of the Indriyas.
sacred to worshipers of Lord Vishnu. There is also an
excellent psychotherapeutic Yogic breathing technique z There are 25 Mudras mentioned in the Gheranda Samhita.
that carries this name.
z Tattvas (the manifestations of Truth or Reality) are said
z 11 Asanas are mentioned by name in the Yoga Bhashya, to number 24, 36, 72 or 96 according to various Yogic,
an important commentary on Patanjali’s Yoga Sutras. Samkya and Tantric traditions.
z In the Gitananda Yoga tradition of the Rishiculture Ashtanga z Tirumoolar mentions 28 Agamas or Tantras while others
Yoga Paramparai it is taught that there are 12 Chakras talk of 64 .
existing in the Sukshma and Karana Sharira.
z There are 52 elements of Yoga Chikitsa, Yoga therapy
z There are 12 petals in the Anahata Chakra, the heart according to Yogamaharishi Dr Swami Gitananda Giri.
centre and each has its own respective Bhija Mantra.
z The numbers 54, 108 and 1008 are sacred for the purpose
z There are the 12 Rasis or signs of the Zodiac in both of Japa and a Rudraksha Mala typically has these
western and eastern astrology. combinations of beads.
z 15 Asanas are mentioned by Swatmarama in the Hatha z The number 108 is held sacred and most Hindu Deities
Yoga Pradipika. have at least 108 names based on their different qualities.
Some of the Gods have even 1008 names that are chanted
z 16 petals are existent in the Vishuddha Chakra, the throat in the different Pujas for propitiating them.
centre of great purity.
z Yogamaharishi Dr Swami Gitananda Giri has taught 120
z There are 18 chapters in the Bhagavad Gita and each Pranayamas in the Rishiculture Ashtanga Yoga Paramparai
is described as “a Yoga”. of Swami Kanakananda Brighu.
136 YOGA: 1 TO 10 BY DR ANANDA BALAYOGI BHAVANANI A FINAL WORD 137
Some examples for starters are: z Of the 18 Puranas written by Veda Vyasa, there are six
each for Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva.
z The 11 senses consisting of the Dasa Indriyas (five Jnanendriyas
and five Karmendriyas) plus Manas, the mind. z Yogamaharishi Dr Swami Gitananda Giri has elucidated
18 senses that include the normal as well as para-sensory
z Ekadasi, the eleventh day after a new moon, which is
aspects of the Indriyas.
sacred to worshipers of Lord Vishnu. There is also an
excellent psychotherapeutic Yogic breathing technique z There are 25 Mudras mentioned in the Gheranda Samhita.
that carries this name.
z Tattvas (the manifestations of Truth or Reality) are said
z 11 Asanas are mentioned by name in the Yoga Bhashya, to number 24, 36, 72 or 96 according to various Yogic,
an important commentary on Patanjali’s Yoga Sutras. Samkya and Tantric traditions.
z In the Gitananda Yoga tradition of the Rishiculture Ashtanga z Tirumoolar mentions 28 Agamas or Tantras while others
Yoga Paramparai it is taught that there are 12 Chakras talk of 64 .
existing in the Sukshma and Karana Sharira.
z There are 52 elements of Yoga Chikitsa, Yoga therapy
z There are 12 petals in the Anahata Chakra, the heart according to Yogamaharishi Dr Swami Gitananda Giri.
centre and each has its own respective Bhija Mantra.
z The numbers 54, 108 and 1008 are sacred for the purpose
z There are the 12 Rasis or signs of the Zodiac in both of Japa and a Rudraksha Mala typically has these
western and eastern astrology. combinations of beads.
z 15 Asanas are mentioned by Swatmarama in the Hatha z The number 108 is held sacred and most Hindu Deities
Yoga Pradipika. have at least 108 names based on their different qualities.
Some of the Gods have even 1008 names that are chanted
z 16 petals are existent in the Vishuddha Chakra, the throat in the different Pujas for propitiating them.
centre of great purity.
z Yogamaharishi Dr Swami Gitananda Giri has taught 120
z There are 18 chapters in the Bhagavad Gita and each Pranayamas in the Rishiculture Ashtanga Yoga Paramparai
is described as “a Yoga”. of Swami Kanakananda Brighu.
138 YOGA: 1 TO 10 BY DR ANANDA BALAYOGI BHAVANANI A FINAL WORD 135
world-famous Master Shri K.M. Vaidyanathan in 1979. Later, to this Padma. It is interesting that the arrangement of the nerves
he was accepted as a disciple by Thiruvarur Shri R. Krishnamurthy, in the solar plexus from a medical, physiological standpoint does
one of the most respected classical Mridungists of modern resemble a ten petalled lotus, as well as the rays emanating
times. He began the study of Bharata Natyam under his from the sun. Manipura is often called “Mani Padme”, as in the
mother Puduvai Kalaimamani Meenakshi Devi Bhavanani Mantra “Om Mani Padme Om”.
in the Kalakshetra tradition of Rukmani Arundale when he
was five years of age. At the age of eight, the world- famous
Bharata Natyam master Padmashri Adyar K. Lakshman o f TEN YAMAS
Chennai accepted him as a disciple. The ten rules of conduct (Yamas) according to Swatmarama in
the Hatha Yoga Pradipika are non-violence, truthfulness, non-
His initial training in scholastic work was in the Ashram stealing, continence, forgiveness, endurance, compassion, meekness,
itself and only when he was thirteen years of age was he controlled diet and cleanliness. He doesn’t describe these in
sent to Bhavan’s Gandhi Vidyashram, Kodaikanal, to do detail, however as Patanjali does in his delineation of the Yamas
his formal schooling. At school, in addition to his academic and Niyamas in the Yoga Sutra. Swatmarama makes only a
proficiency, he was one of the cricket team’s major stars passing reference to these rules.
and the all-round Athletic Champion. At school he was awarded
the “K.S. Jayarama Iyer Award for Best Instrumentalist ”
for three successive years. In his final year he served as TEN NIYAMAS
the School Captain .
The ten rules (Niyamas) mentioned in the Hatha Yoga Pradipika
are discipline, patience, belief in God, charity, adoration of God,
He wrote a book on YOGA FOR CHILDREN at the age of
hearing discourses on the principles of religion, shame, intellect,
12 years and has written three other books including ‘ YOGA
austerity, and sacrificial offerings. Unlike Patanjali, Swatmarama
AND MODERN MAN’, which takes a look at various Yogic
doesn’t describe these rules in detail. Rather, he simply lists
concepts with humorous cartoons and line drawings, “A YOGIC
them before describing Asana as the first accessory of Hatha
APPROACH TO STRESS”, which illustrates the theory as
Yoga.
well as practical applications of Yoga to the modern epidemic
of stress, and “ A PRIMER OF YOGA THEORY”, which is
a compilation of Yogic theoretical aspects for the benefit DASA NADI
of practitioners of Yoga Sport, Yoga teachers as well as
students wanting to understand more of the theoretical basis Though there are thousands of Nadis (some say 72,000, some
of Yoga. He has had 12 scientific research papers and say, 300,000, and others 720,000) Maharishi Goraksha in the
14 scientific abstracts on Yoga research and numerous Goraksha Paddhati mentions ten primary Nadis or conduits
general articles on Yoga published in English and Tamil for the flow of energy. These are the Ida, Pingala, Sushumna,
journals. Three more scientific papers are in press. Gandhari, Hastijihva, Pusha, Vyashaswini, Alambusha, Kuhu and
132 YOGA: 1 TO 10 BY DR ANANDA BALAYOGI BHAVANANI ABOUT THE AUTHOR 141
are under the control of the eleventh sense, which is Manas He undertook two years of formal full time residential training
(mind). They are all dependent on the mind for their very existence, in Yoga in the Diploma and Advanced Diploma Courses
and that is why mind is often referred to as the ‘super sense’. in Yoga at ICYER under the guidance of his Guru-father
The goal of Yoga Abhyasa is to perfect these senses and then Yogamaharishi Dr. Swami Gitananda Giri in 1990 and 1991,
and upon completion of these courses, he joined medical
rise above them through Pratyahara. The mind is then free of
college in order to combine the best of Eastern wisdom with
sensual disturbances and is able to flow naturally into the Samyama
the best of Western science.
practices of Dharana, Dhyana, and Samadhi.
He was a performer of Bharata Natyam and has performed or Prana is then subservient to the mind-body actions, and alters
all over India and notably at the ABHAI National Dance in form from the Divine Positive to a Mortal Negative or reflex
Festival in Chennai in 1992. Following his father ’s Maha energy, and is used for specific body functions. Yoga teaches
Samadhi on Dec. 29-1993 he stopped his dance performances us that these functions may be understood as “Prana Vayu”, or
and instead, focused his attention on Dance Choreography, the “energies of the Vital Life Force”. These energies are discharged
especially in the rhythmic aspect, for Yoganjali Natyalayam. through the nervous system, through Prana Vahaka, or nerve
He has helped to choreograph 6 Major Dance Dramas and impulses. These Vayus or Vital Airs are ten in number. The five
more than 10 Mini Dance Dramas for Yoganjali Natyalayam major ones are called Pancha Prana Vayus, or Pranadi (inner
in the last seven years. He also composed the musical notes ones that commence with Prana), and the five minor Pranas
and rhythmic aspects for all of these dance dramas. He are called Upa Prana Vayus (lesser Vital Airs) or Nagadi (outer
recently was Co-director of the Pancha Maha Bhuta dance ones that commence with Naga). Thus the Dasa Vayu are Prana,
drama for the 98 th Jayanthi of Yogamaharishi Dr Swami Gitananda Apana, Samana, Vyana, Udana, Naga, Kurma, Krikara, Devadutta,
Giri and the 36 th Anniversary celebrations of Ananda Ashram and Dhananjaya. These airs are all manifestations of the Vital
in 2004. Energy (Mukhya or Maha Prana) in the human body. The ten
Vayus may be equated with the autonomic functions of the nervous
As a well-known Carnatic Vocalist he has released two system that move through the thousands of Nadis.
albums of which “THE YOGA OF SOUND” has the unique
blend of English lyrics with Carnatic Raga and Tala in an
attempt to bridge the gap between East and West. The DASA INDRIYAS
s e c o n d A l b u m ‘ T A M I L I N B A M ’ i s a c o l l e c t i o n o f Ta m i l
Compositions in Carnatic Music. As a Mridungist as well The five Jnanendriyas (organs
as Carnatic Vocalist he is a regular performer at programmes of sensory perception) and five
in and around Pondy. He has performed at the International Karmendriyas (functions of
Yoga Festival , Government Music Festival, Millennium the action organs) are together
Sunrise Festival, Thiagaraja Festival, Puduvai Tamil Isai classified as the Dasendriya,
Sangam and Eswaran Koil Kumbabhishekam amongst many
or ten senses in Yoga. These
others in Pondicherry. He is well known for his spontaneous
are Shotra (ears), Chakshu
imagination in the concerts and for his explanations on the
(eyes), Grahna (nose), Jihva
Yogic aspects of Carnatic Music. He has performed innumerable
vocal and instrumental recitals all over India, including in (tongue), Tvak (skin), Pada
Bombay , Dehra Dun , Chennai, Cochin, Lonavla (Pune), (locomotion), Pani (dexterity),
Bangalore and Pondicherry. It is notable that he has performed Payu (excretion), Upastha
three times in the Isai Vizha (Music Festival) conducted (reproduction), and Vak
CONTROLLING THE SENSES
by the Govt of Pondicherry in 1998, 2000 and 2003. (speech). All of these senses
130 YOGA: 1 TO 10 BY DR ANANDA BALAYOGI BHAVANANI ABOUT THE AUTHOR 143
is followed by Krishna, the one endowed with cosmic consciousness. He has been a featured speaker at many Yoga Conferences
The Buddha or enlightened one is the ninth Avatara. Some authorities i n c l u d i n g t h e I n t e r n a t i o n a l Yo g a F e s t i v a l c o n d u c t e d b y
replace Buddha with Balarama, the elder brother of Krishna. the Government of Pondicherry each year since 1993.
The destroyer or Kalki is yet awaited with trepidation. Lord Krishna He has also been the Co-Ordinator and a member of
says, “Whenever righteousness dims and the unrighteous the Jury at the International Yogasana Competition held
rule, then I will come again taking on worldly form to restore a t t h e I n t e r n a t i o n a l Yo g a F e s t i v a l – P o n d i c h e r r y a n n u a l l y
righteousness”. and is responsible for organizing the more than 500 contestants
who come from all over India to participate. In his capacity
a s H i m a l a y a S t a t e C o o r d i n a t o r, h e a l s o o r g a n i s e d t h e
TEN MAJOR UPANISHADS
H I M A L AYA Y O G A O LY M P I A D i n P o n d i c h e r r y ( 2 0 0 1 ) a n d
The Upanishads are the mystic treatises that are an important led the Pondy team to the National Himalaya Yoga Olympiad
part of the Vedas and reveal the most profound at Bangalore in November 2001.
spiritual truths. They also suggest ways
to realize them. There are numerous H e i s r e s p o n s i b l e f o r r e v i v i n g t h e P o n d i c h e r r y Yo g a s a n a
Upanishads, of which twelve are A s s o c i a t i o n ( 2 0 0 0 ) f o u n d e d b y Yo g a m a h a r i s h i D r S w a m i
considered most important, and of those, Gitananda Giri in 1975. He is currently General Secretary
the major ten are the Isa, Kena, o f t h e P o n d i c h e r r y Yo g a s a n a A s s o c i a t i o n , A d v i s o r t o
Katha, Prasna, Chandogya, the World Yoga Council and a Member of the International
Mundaka, Mandookya, Council for Yoga Sport in the International Yoga Federation,
Eitareya, Taittriya, and South America. He has recently been nominated as Vice
Brihadaranyaka. As the P r e s i d e n t o f t h e A s i a n U n i o n o f Yo g a , N e w D e l h i , w h i c h
Upanishads contain the i s a ff i l i a t e d w i t h t h e I n t e r n a t i o n a l Yo g a F e d e r a t i o n .
essence of the Vedas and
also form the end portions The International Yoga Federation honoured him in September
(anta) of the Vedas, their 2 0 0 4 b y n o m i n a t i n g h i m a s t h e W O R L D C U LT U R A L Y O G A
study is known as Vedanta A M B A S S A D O R o f t h e Wo r l d Yo g a C o m m u n i t y a n d t h e
(Veda + anta). World Governing Body of the International Yoga Federation
of Buenos Aires, Argentina.
DASA VAYU
Yo g a f o r h i m i s n o t j u s t t h e p e r f o r m a n c e o f a f e w A s a n a s
The Universal Prana picked up by the various nerve terminals or Pranayamas but is a means for the evolution of the
of the body is carried to storehouses in divergent areas of the human mind into higher states of consciousness and
body, but principally to the solar plexus. This Universal Force awareness.
144 YOGA: 1 TO 10 BY DR ANANDA BALAYOGI BHAVANANI DASHA - TEN 129
He has been instrumental in developing the concept of “Yoga life of dynamic spirituality. The ten attributes
Asana Tableaus” as a performing art and has trained hundreds of Dharma are Dhruti (fortitude or forbearance),
of young people in the difficult art of acrobatic Yoga Asanas. Kshama (forgiveness or the ability to
The Yoga-Asana Tableau Concept has been developed by cheerfully endure), Dama (self
Dr. Ananda as a vital tool for inculcating a sense of “team restraint), Asteya (non stealing or
spirit and mutual cooperation” into youngsters. His pioneering restraining from theft), Soucha
efforts in this field have been widely applauded. As well, KSHAMA - FORGIVENESS (cleanliness and purity of mind and
Dr. Ananda has been a pioneer in the revival of the use of heart), Indriya Nigraha (self restraint, self-control over sensual
the acrobatic Natya Karnas (difficult, athletic and acrobatic gratification by mastery over organs of perception), Dhi (spiritual
poses of Bharata Natyam) into the modern dance repertoire. knowledge of discrimination between right and wrong), Vidya
With his finely developed aesthetic sense, he tastefully weaves (learning-knowledge of worldly affairs), Satya (truthfulness), and
these acrobatic poses into his classical dance choreography Akhroda (absence or conquest of anger). These are the imperatives
and productions. of righteousness for the self-development of an individual as
well as for the transformation of society towards a better quality
As Chairperson of Yoganjali Natyalayam, Pondicherry’s Premier of life. It is said that those who study these ten attributes and
Institute of Yoga, Bharata Natyam and Carnatic Music, he follow them will progress to the highest level of existence. When
has coordinated many prestigious programmes in Bangalore man has fulfilled his ten-point duty with concentration, learnt
(sVYASA), Chennai (Arkaya Foundation), Alangudi (Guru Vedanta according to rules and paid his three debts (to the Rishis,
Stalam), Kodaikanal (Bhavan’s Gandhi Vidyashram), Tanjore his ancestors, and the Gods), he may then become a renouncer
(Salangai Natham 2004 for the South Zone Cultural Centre) (Sanyasi).
and Mahe (Varnam 2004 for the Dept of Art and Culture).
in the olden days when the whole lobe or whole lung was removed. Sri Direndra Brahmachari and Sri Yogeshwar. He has also
The Yogic concept of sectional breathing (Vibhaga Pranayama) been privileged to receive the blessings of eminent Scientist
is similar in that we breathe into nine sections of each lung Yogis such as Shri R.R Diwakar, Dr B Ramamurthy, Prof
(front, side and back segments of each of the three lobes). Though TR Anantaraman, Dr W Selvamurthy, Dr Nagendra, Dr Nagaratna,
the left lung has only two lobes anatomically, the physiological Dr MV Bhole, Dr SV Rao, Dr RP Pandey, Dr Khapre, Dr SR
function of the lingula is similar to the middle lobe of the right Joharapurkar and Dr Madanmohan. He also received the
lung. There are three segments in the upper lobe of the right benevolent blessings and special Ponnadi honours from the
lung, two in the middle lobe, and five in the lower lobe. In the Kanchi Kamakoti Paramacharya of Kanchipuram Shri Jayendra
left lung there are five segments in the upper lobe and five in Saraswati Swamigal when he was ten years old.
the lower lobe.
As a Mridungist, he has accompanied great artists like Padma
Bhushan T.V. Shankaranarayanan, Kalaimamani Srirengam
TENTH STATE Ranganathan, Kalaimamani Kulikkarai S.P. Vishvalingam,
The tenth Avastha, or Tenth State, is said Kumbakonam M.R. Gopinath etc. on the Mridungam. Dr.
to be the state where Anava or Ananda is a ‘B’ Grade Mridungist recognised by All India
self-consciousness (one of the three Radio and regularly plays for Yoganjali Natyalayam dance
Malas, or human imperfections) is shed, performances. He has played Mridungam for Sendhen Tamilisai,
and oneness with the Universal Divine a Music Album by Kalaimamani Pulavar I Pattabhiraman
Self is attained. Tirumoolar calls this as well as Bhakti Mani Mala, a music album sung by Smt
state the Upasanta, and says that Jyothirmayi. He has also provided Mridungam accompaniment
in it the Jiva merges into Shiva and for a CD on Music Therapy by Dr Hariharan PhD.
enjoys supreme bliss. According to the
Yogasikhopanishad, this is Dasapratyaya, He is a life member of the INDIAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION;
or the tenth experience. According to Upanisadbrahmayogi, it ABHAI (Association of Bharata Natyam Artists of India);
means, “I am Brahman”. The “tenth” is the one, that is generally Chennai, IAYT (International Association of Yoga Therapists,
forgotten, but is shown to the competent Sadhaka by a perfect based in U.S.A); IYA (International Yogatherapy Association
Guru. of the International Yoga Federation based in South America),
APPI (Association of Physiologists and Pharmacologists of
India), INDIAN ACADEMY OF YOGA, BHU, Varanasi and
DASA DHARMA LAKSHANA
the Pondicherry Psychology Association.
These are the ten attributes (Lakshana) of Dharma, according
to Manu Smriti. Only if we constantly and carefully fulfill this He is the Patron of the SANATHANA DHARMA SANGHA,
ten-point duty at all stages of our life can we live a qualitative the Hindu Movement in Italy and Europe, as well as more
146 YOGA: 1 TO 10 BY DR ANANDA BALAYOGI BHAVANANI DASHA - TEN 127
than a hundred Rishiculture Ashtanga (Gitananda) Yoga Indian Culture has stressed the importance of personal hygienic
centres all over the world. He is also Patron of the Gitananda measures and utilizes of various cleansing techniques in order
Yoga Associations of Australia, Spain, Germany, U.S.A. to purify the body to become a pure and fit receptacle of the
and Italy. Divine Spirit.
are the most highly evolved souls, who are no longer affected title award of “Yoga Vibhushan” from the Tamil Nadu State
by Karma or Maya, but are still amenable to self-consciousness Yoga Association and the Sports Development Authority of
(Anava). Pralayakalars are those who are still affected by self- Tamil Nadu (Tuticorin) in August 2003. Other titles and awards
consciousness and experience Karma in different gradations received by him are “Palkalai Chemmal”, “Sagala Kala Vallavan”,
of intensity. Sakalars are the lowest of the three and are encumbered “Isai Sevagan”, “Puduvai Mannin Maindhan”, “Achiever Award
by all three impurities. They posses self-consciousness, are affected 2003” and “Jnana Vruddha”.
by Karma in different gradations, and are involved with the illusionary
world of Maya. The four classes of Vignanakalars, or highest He is, at present, a SENIOR RESEARCH FELLOW in the
souls, include those who are in the quiescent state of inaction, Yoga Research Project conducted by the Department of
those who are self-realised, those who have reached the state Physiology, JIPMER under the auspices of the Union of Health
of the eight Vidyeshwars, and those who rank as the seven crore as well as the Defense Ministries, New Delhi. He is involved
Mantra Nayakas. The three classes of Pralayakalars are those in various research studies at JIPMER and has published
who will attain Mukti in their next life, the Jivanmuktas, and the numerous scientific papers on these findings.
108 Rudras. The three sub classes of the Sakalars are those
who have attained Siddhis and are trying to reach God realization, He is happily married to Yogacharini Devasena Bhavanani
those who have Siddhis and are contented with them, and those who has a Masters degree in Sanskrit in addition to being
not performing Yoga Sadhana and simply immersed in the world an eminent Yoga Expert, and a Carnatic Vocalist and Bharata
of sensory experience. The above are the ten classes of Jivas Natyam Dancer, Teacher and Composer. They have one daughter
according to Tirumoolar in his Tirumandiram. Dhivya Priya Bhavanani.
DASHA - TEN
VIJAYADASAMI
Jivas (souls), who are eternal, are given life and body by
Shiva-Shakti so that they may rid themselves of their primordial
This “doodle” was drawn by Dr. Ananda as Dr. John Mumford gave a impurities and become truly free and pure. These Jivas are classified
“symbolic visual” to each number, to aid students in “remembering” the
into three basic categories according to the degree of impurities
“psychic and spiritual value” to each number. The numbers 1 to 9, are
they posses. These are further divided in sub-classes, thus
represented respectively as: 1. Nail or Flag Pole, 2. Pair of Swans, 3. A Trident,
4. Sail Boat, 5. Unicycle, 6. Golf Club, 7. A Cliff, 8. An Hourglass, 9. A Balloon.
making up the ten classes of Jivas. The major three classes
are the Vignanakalars, Pralayakalars, and Sakalars. Vignanakalars