Lab-sheets

ET 792 Two-Shaft Gas

Turbine / Jet Engine
 02/2006

ET 792 TWO-SHAFT GAS TURBINE / JET ENGINE

1 Worksheet for recording measured values

The next page contains an overview drawing

showing all measuring points.
The measured values should be entered in the
table on the next but one page.
Example:
1/2 load, 3/4 load, 1/1 load and thrust mode
All Rights Reserved G.U.N.T. Gerätebau GmbH, Barsbüttel, Germany 02/2006

1 Worksheet for recording measured values 1

 All Rights Reserved G.U.N.T. Gerätebau GmbH, Barsbüttel, Germany 02/2006
02/2006

p ET 792
984.0
ET 792
Demonstrationsstand Gasturbine
Versorg.-Druck Brenngas
Gas Supply Pressure bar
Zu/Closed
Gas Turbine Demonstration Unit
Abgasschalldämpfer
Auf/Open Exhaust Muffler
dp=p2-p3 p3 T4, T5
Haupthahn Brenngas
Gas Main Valve
984.0 984.0 984.0

Differenzdruck Brennkammer Brennkammerdruck Temperaturen Nutzturbine °C

bar
Reset Diff. Press. Comb. Chamber mbar Comb. Chamber Press. Temperature Power Turbine

Brenngasdruck
Gas Pressure
T2, TG, T1 VL
Brennkammer T4 T5

984.0 984.0 Combustion Chamber

Brenngas- und Lufttemperatur Luftdurchsatz Durchfl. Brenngas

%
°C dm3/s
mG Gas Flow
Gas and Air Temperature Air Flow

1 Worksheet for recording measured values

Zündung
Ignition T5 Pel
T3 984.0

Leistung Nutzturbine
W
200.0 Turbine Power
T2 TG T1
T2
Ansaug- Turbineneintrittstemperatur
dämpfer Turbine Inlet Temperature
Nutzturbine
Inlet Muffler pD 984.0
Power Turbine
Generator
Düsendruck bar
p4
T1 Nozzle Pressure Gaserzeuger
Gas Generator
TG 984.0
984.0
Druck vor Nutzturbine
mbar
Pressure Power Turbine Drehzahl Nutzturbine 1000/min
Aus/Off Speed Power Turbine Belastung
n2
Load
TWO-SHAFT GAS TURBINE / JET ENGINE

An/On

T4
Starterluft
Start air
Starter

200.0 984.0 984.0

Öldruck
Oil Pressure Drehzahl Gaserzeuger Schub Düse
Öltemperatur 1000/min Thrust Nozzle
N
Speed Gas Generator
Oil Temperature

Toil n1 S

2
 02/2006

ET 792 TWO-SHAFT GAS TURBINE / JET ENGINE

Date:
Measured values Ambient temperature in °C:
Gas turbine experiment Atmospheric pressure p1 in bar:
Rel. humidity in %:
Item Experiment no.: 1 2 3 4 5
-load -load -load Thrust
Fuel supply pressure in
p
bar (rel.)
Fuel temperature
TG
in °C
All Rights Reserved G.U.N.T. Gerätebau GmbH, Barsbüttel, Germany 02/2006

Fuel pressure
pD
in bar (rel.)
Compressor inlet tem-
T1
perature in °C
Compressor outlet tem-
T2
perature in °C
Pressure difference
Dp across combustion
chamber in mbar
Turbine inlet tempera-
T3
ture in °C
Turbine inlet excess
p3
pressure in bar (rel.)
Power turbine inlet tem-
T4
perature in °C
Power turbine excess
p4
pressure in mbar (rel.)
Power turbine outlet
T5
temperature in °C

V&L
Air flow rate
in l/s
& G , read
m Gas flow rate
in kg/h (2 bar, 0°C)
Speed
n1
in rpm
Speed
n2
in rpm
Electrical power
P el
in W
Thrust
S
in N
Oil temperature
TOil
in °C

1 Worksheet for recording measured values 3

 02/2006

ET 792 TWO-SHAFT GAS TURBINE / JET ENGINE

2 Calculations

2.1 Conversion - Relative pressure to absolute pressure

Absolute pressure = Relative pressure +

atmospheric pressure
Atmospheric pressure:__________

1 2 3 4 5
All Rights Reserved G.U.N.T. Gerätebau GmbH, Barsbüttel, Germany 02/2006

Relative pD [bar]
pressure
Absolute pD [bar]
pressure
Relative p3 [bar]
pressure
Absolute p3 [bar]
pressure
Relative p4 [mbar]
pressure
Absolute p4 [bar]
pressure
Relative Dp [mbar]
pressure
Relative p2=p3-Dp [bar]
pressure
Absolute p2=p3-Dp [bar]
pressure

2 Calculations 4
 02/2006

ET 792 TWO-SHAFT GAS TURBINE / JET ENGINE

2.2 Calculation of air mass flow rate from air volume

In general, the following equation is applicable:

Mass flow rate = Volumetric flow rate x Density
& = V& ×r
m L (at 20°C and 1.013 bar abs.)

Taking into account the influence of temperature

and pressure on air, the gas law states that:

& L = r0 × ( 0
T + 273 K ) × p1 &
m ×VL
p 0 × (T1 + 273 K )
All Rights Reserved G.U.N.T. Gerätebau GmbH, Barsbüttel, Germany 02/2006

where & L : Air mass flow rate

m
r0 : Density at 20°C
T0 : Reference temperature (+ 20°C)
p 0 : Pressure at T0 and 1013 mbar
T1: Measured air temperature in experiment
p1: Measured atmospheric pressure in experiment
V& :
L Measured air volumetric flow rate
Calculation with measured and displayed value for
air volume:

& L = r0 × ( 0
T + 273 K ) × p1 &
m ×VL
1000 p 0 × (T1 + 273 K )
where & L : Air mass flow rate in kg/s
m
r0 : 1.199 kg/m³
T0 : 20 °C
p 0 : 1.013 bar

1 2 3 4 5
T1 in °C

p 1 in bar abs.

V&L in l/s

& L in kg/s
m

2 Calculations 5
 02/2006

ET 792 TWO-SHAFT GAS TURBINE / JET ENGINE

2.3 Calculation of fuel consumption

In general:

m& G = mG
t
where m& G : Fuel mass flow rate
mG : Fuel mass
t: Consumption period
All Rights Reserved G.U.N.T. Gerätebau GmbH, Barsbüttel, Germany 02/2006

Conversion of displayed gas mass flow rate from

kg/h to g/s taking into account the
temperature and the pressure

& G ég ù = 1000 × m
& ékg ù 273 + T0 [° C ] pD [bar abs.]
m êë s úû 3600 G,read êë h úû × 273 + T [° C ] × p [bar abs.]
G 0

where p0 : Calibration pressure of flow meter (2 bar abs.)

pD : Absolute pressure of fuel before nozzle
T0 : Calibration temperature of flow meter in °C
TG : Fuel temperature in °C

1 2 3 4 5
p D [bar abs.]

TG [K ]

& G , read ékg ù

m
ëê h ûú
& G ég ù
m
êës úû

2 Calculations 6
 02/2006

ET 792 TWO-SHAFT GAS TURBINE / JET ENGINE

2.4 Calculation of compressor pressure ratio

Ratio of intake pressure to outlet pressure

p
p= 2
p1

1 2 3 4 5
p1 in bar abs.
All Rights Reserved G.U.N.T. Gerätebau GmbH, Barsbüttel, Germany 02/2006

p2 in bar abs.

2 Calculations 7
 02/2006

ET 792 TWO-SHAFT GAS TURBINE / JET ENGINE

2.5 Enter operating points in compressor characteristic diagram

In order to enter the operating points, the pressure

ratios for the air flow and the characteristic
diagram are required.

1 2 3 4 5
& L in kg/s
m
Air flow rate

p
All Rights Reserved G.U.N.T. Gerätebau GmbH, Barsbüttel, Germany 02/2006

Pressure Ratio
p Pressure Ratio p2/p1

& L Air flow rate in kg/s

m

Fig. 2.1 Compressor characteristic diagram to mark the operating points

2 Calculations 8
 02/2006

ET 792 TWO-SHAFT GAS TURBINE / JET ENGINE

2.6 Determination of turbine power output

Pel
PTe =
hel
where PTe : Turbine power output in W
Pel : Electrical power output in W
hel : Generator efficiency = 0.74

1 2 3 4 5
All Rights Reserved G.U.N.T. Gerätebau GmbH, Barsbüttel, Germany 02/2006

P el in W

h el

PTe in W

2.7 Reduced power of power turbine (in accordance with ISA)

Conversion of power for reference conditions at

+15°C and 1.013 bar.

PTred =
(T0 + 273 K ) × p 0 × p
(T1 + 273 K ) p1 Te
where PTred : Power in W related to 15°C and atmospheric
pressure at sea level
T0 : Reference temperature (+15°C)
T1: Air temperature in experiment in °C
p 0 : Reference atmospheric pressure in bar 1.013 bar
p1: Atmospheric pressure in experiment in bar
PTe : Turbine power output in W

1 2 3 4 5
PTe in W

T1 in °C

p 1 in bar

PTred in W

2 Calculations 9
 02/2006

ET 792 TWO-SHAFT GAS TURBINE / JET ENGINE

2.8 Reduced thrust of turbine

Conversion of thrust for reference conditions at

+15°C and 1.013 bar.

S red =
(T0 + 273 K ) × p 0 ×S
(T1 + 273 K ) p1
where
S red : Thrust in N related to 15°C and
All Rights Reserved G.U.N.T. Gerätebau GmbH, Barsbüttel, Germany 02/2006

atmospheric pressure at sea level

T0 : Reference temperature (+15°C)
T1: Temperature in experiment in °C
p 0 : Reference atmospheric pressure 1.013 bar
p1: Atmospheric pressure in experiment in bar
S: Measured thrust in N

1 2 3 4 5
S in N

T1 in °C

p 1 in bar

S red in N

2 Calculations 10
 02/2006

ET 792 TWO-SHAFT GAS TURBINE / JET ENGINE

2.9 Power turbine - Specific fuel consumption

& G × 3.6
m
be =
PTred
where
be : Specific fuel consumption of a power turbine
in kg / kWh
& G : Fuel mass flow rate in g/s
m
All Rights Reserved G.U.N.T. Gerätebau GmbH, Barsbüttel, Germany 02/2006

PTred : Reduced power output of turbine in kW at

atmospheric pressure at sea level and 15°C

1 2 3 4 5
& G in g/s
m

PTred in kW

b e in kg/kWh

2.10 Thrust turbine - Specific fuel consumption

& G × 3.6
m
bS =
S red
where
bs : Specific fuel consumption of a thrust turbine
in kg/Nh
& G : Fuel mass flow rate in g/s
m
S red : Reduced thrust output of turbine in N at
atmospheric pressure at sea level and 15°C

1 2 3 4 5
& G in g/s
m

S red in N

b S in kg/Nh

2 Calculations 11
 02/2006

ET 792 TWO-SHAFT GAS TURBINE / JET ENGINE

2.11 Air ratio

The air ratio of a turbine is calculated from the ratio

of the actual air intake to the stochiometric quantity
of air required for combustion.
1 m &
l= × L
Lmin m&G

The amount of air necessary for stochiometric

combustion of propane is:
All Rights Reserved G.U.N.T. Gerätebau GmbH, Barsbüttel, Germany 02/2006

kg
Lmin = 15. 23 L (Propane gas)
kg G

1 2 3 4 5
& L in g/s
m

& G in g/s
m

2 Calculations 12