CLASSROOM

PRESENTATIOn
On FRACTURE

SUBMITTED TO SUBMITTED B

Mrs.Renu jacob. Miss. R. Sreelekha

Professor Msc (N)1st year

M.sc(n) Medical Surgical Nursing Owaisi college of nursing

Owasi college of nursing Hyderabad.

Hyderabad.

SUBMITTED ON
 23/02/19

STUDENT PROFILE

Name of the student : Miss. Sreelekha.

Name of the topic : Fracture.

Name of the subject : Medical surgical nursing.

Name of the class : II nd BSc (N).

Name of the Guide : Mrs. Renu Jacob.

Name of the college : Owaisi college of nursing.

Date : 23/02/19.

Time :

A.V. Aids : Chart, Black board, Hand out, Flash cards.

GENERAL OBJECTIVIES

At end of the class the students will gain knowledge about the Fractures.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES:

 Introduction to the topic.

 Define Fracture.
 Explain about the types of Fracture.
 List down the causes of Fracture.
 Describe about the Pathophysiology of Fracture.
 Enumerate about the clinical manifestations of Fracture.
 Explain about the Diagnostic evaluation of the Fracture.
 Describe about the Medical management of the Fracture.
 Describe about the Phormocological management of fracture.
 Discus about the complication of Fracture.
 Explain about the Nursing diagnosis.
INDEX
S.NO SPESIFIC TIME CONTENT TEACHING & A.V AIDS EVALUATION
OBJECTIVES LEARNING
ACTIVITIES
1. To Introduce 2min Introduction Lecture cum and Oral What do you
about the Fracture is a break or cracked in the discuss explanation know about the
Fracture continuity of bone. Fracture occurs due to free Fracture?
applied by an external source.

A bone fracture is a medical condition where

the continuity of the bone is broken. Mechanical
damage produced in a bone In case of fracture
tissue, joints, muscles all are involved.

Fracture is not a fatal condition about needs

emergency care to prevent further complication.

2. To define the 2min Definition:- Lecture cum and Oral Defined fracture
Fracture A break in bone or cartilage. Although usually a discuss explanation
result of trauma, a fracture can be the result of an
acquired disease of bone, such as osteoporosis, or
of abnormal formation of bone in a congenital
disease of bone.

3. List down the 3min Causes:- Lecture cum and A.V. Aids What are the
causes of Causes of bone fracture it includes: discuss causes of
 Fracture  Sever pain. Fracture?
 Difficulty to move.
 Swelling or bruising over a bone.
 Bluish color of the fractured part.
 Bleeding.
 Numbness.
 hLimping.
 Loss of function in the injured area.

4. Explain about 15min Lecture cum and A.V. Aids What are the
Types of Fractures:-
the types of discuss types of
There are several types of fractures.
fractures Fractures?
1. Simple fracture:-
The wound is non- communicating
between the skin and bone.

2. Open (Compound) fracture:-

The wound is com
communicating between the skin and bone.
When the skin has been penetrated by a bone
fragment from inside (compound).

3. Transverse fracture:-
The fracture line is perpendicular
to the long axis of the bone.

4. Oblique fracture:-
Diagonal break across the bone.

5. Spiral fracture:-
The break spiral around the bone;
 common in twisting injury.
6. Pathological fracture:-
Fracture of a point in the bone weakend by
a disease.

7. Avulsion fracture:-
Fracture of the bone at the site of
attachment of tendons or ligaments due to
strong pilling force.
8. Green stick fracture:-
Break on one cortex of the bone with
splintering of bone surface.
9. Stress fracture:-
These are small or micro- fractures
resulting from repeated stress during playing
or exercise as jogging or running.
10. Depressed fracture:-
Broken parts of the bone are driven
inwards. An example is skull fracture.
11. Comminuted fracture:-
A fracture in which bone has
splintered in to several fragments.
12. Compression fracture:-

A fracture in which bone has been

compressed (seen in vertebral fractures)

5. List out Risk 5min Risk factors of Fracture:- Lecture cum and A.V. Aids What are the
factors of  Age. discuss Risk factors of
Fracture.  Previous low trauma fracture. fracture?
 Current cigarette smoking.
  Rheumatoid arthritis.
 High alcohol intake.
 Parental history of hip fracture.
 Prior or current glucocorticoid use.

6. Explain 5min Pathophysiology:- Lecture cum and Chart What is the

About the discuss pathophysiolog
Pathophysiolog When bone got fractured, periostem, blood vessels y of fractur?
y of Fracture present in cortex, marrow and aurrounding soft
tissue are disrupted.

Bleeding occur and hematoma medullary canal
between the fracture ends of bone and beneath
penosteum.

Death of bone tissue immediately occur adjacent to
fracture.

Inflammatory response occur.

Vasodilation, edema, pain, loss of function,

excidate of plasma & leukocytes and in filtration of
white blood cells occurs.

They build the foundation of bone heating.

Muscles that were attached to bone got spasm.


Distal position of bones becomes displaced and
white proximal portion remains in place.
 Displacement of bone occurs at sideways or an
angle or an overriding segment.

7. List out the 3min Clinical manifestation:- Lecture cum and Oral What are the
clinical Clinical manifestations are include: discuss explanation clinical
manifestations  Deformity. manifestations
of fracture  Swelling and discoloration. of fracture?
 Pain.
 Loss of function.
 Numbness.
 Crepitus.
 Shortening.
 Hypovolemic shock.

8. Specify the 2min Diagnostic evaluations:- Lecture cum and A.V. Aids What are the
diagnostic History and physical examination. discuss diagnostic
evaluations of X-ray studies. evaluations of
fracture CT- scan also done to conform the fracture?
diagnosis. (Computed tomography)
Blood chemistry, CBC and coagulation
studies done.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or a
bone scan.
9. Describe about 2min Medical management:-
the management
of fracture  Management of a patient with fracture
can belonging to either emergent or
post-emergent.
  Immediately after injury, if a fracture is
suspected, it is important to immobilize
the body part before the patient is
moved.
 Adequate splinting is essential to
prevent movement of fracture
fragments.

10. Describe about 2min Surgical management: Lecture cum and A.V. Aids What is the
the surgical discuss surgical
management Reduction:- Reduction of a fracture management of
(setting the bone) refers to restoration of fracture?
the fracture fragments to anatomic
alignment and rotation.
Open reduction:- It is a surgical
approach, the fracture fragments are
reduced.
External/ internal fixation devices
(metallic pins, wires, screws, plates,
nails, or rods) may be used to hold the
bone fragments in position until solid
bone healing occurs.

11. Describe about 3min Nursing management:- Lecture cum and Oral
the Nursing Administer drug therapy as ordered by discuss explanation What is the
managem health care provider. nursing
Ent Report the diagnosis to the local health management of
department. fracture?
Keep patient in negative pressure
room with respiratory airborne
isolation.
Maintain isolation until three
 consecutive sputum cultures have
tested negative.
Focus on preventing the spread of the
infection.
Discuss pain management, handling
fatigue, importance of good nutrition.
12. Describe about 2min Pharmocological management:- Lecture cum and Oral What is
the Administer Tetanus prophylaxis. discuss explanation pharmocologica
phormocologica Antibiotic therapy. l management
l management Calcium and Iron supplements. of fracture?
of fracture Narcotics are administered initially As
healing, stared, oral analgesic (NSAIDS)
can be given. This focus on relieving pain.
Antibiotics may be administered to clients
with open/ complex fractures to prevent
infection.
Anticogulants may be administered to
prevent DVT.

13 Discus about 2min Complications:- Lecture cum and Oral What are the
the Local complications: discuss explanation complications
complications  Infection. of fracture?
of fracture  Vascular injury.
 Nerve injury.
 Visceral injury.
 Heamarthrosis (bleeding inside a joint).
 Compartment syndrome.

General complications:-
 Hemorrhage and shock.
 Fat embolism.
 Venous thrombosis and pulmonary
 embolism.
 Crush syndrome.
 Complications of prolonged bed rest and
recumbancy, especially in elderly and
aged patients..eg. DVT, bedsores,
hydrostatic pneumonia and UTI.
14. Explain about 2min Nursing diagnosis:- Lecture cum and Oral What is the
the nursing  Impaired physical mobility related to loss of discuss explanation nursing
diagnosis of integrity of bone structures (fracture) diagnosis of
fracture  Risk for infection related to wound fracture?
secondary to fracture.
 Acute pain related to fracture.
 Summary:-

 Fixation of fracture allows for early ambulation.

 Rehabilitation important in fracture management- start in the early phase.
 Healing phases are not mutually exclusive.
 Look at the patient as whole when planning rehab program.
 .Consider exercising other joints without compromising the healing of the fracture.
 Patient education (on fracture, effects of prolonged immobilization on muscles and joints, cardiovascular fitness etc) important.

Bibliography:-
BRUNNER AND SUDDARTHS, TEXT BOOK OF MEDICAL SURGICAL NURSING -II, SOUTH ASIAN EDITION, SAE EDITORES: SURESH K SHARMA, S. MADHAVI, JANICEL, HINKLE,
KERRY H. CHEEVER. PAGE NO: 1376 – 1380.

A TEXT BOOK OF MEDICAL SURGICAL NURSING-1, PART-A, JAVED ANSARI, DEVENDER KAUR,PEE VEE (Regd.) PAGE NO 784 -792.

Reference:-

http://www.wedmed.com.

http://www.natinalijewish.org>

http://www.healthline.com

http://www.nvbi.nlm.gov.

http://www.google.Com.
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