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Just as tabulated values of K are not reliable for application with any assurance of
predictable results for a given bolt / nut assembly it is equally true that friction
coefficients determined experimentally must be used for comparison purposes and
supplemented by torque-angle assembly monitoring to assure proper assembly
clamp forces.
The German Norm , DIN 946, provides a practical standard method of evaluation
of friction coefficients on screw threads and underhead bearing surfaces. Fastener
laboratory testing machines are available for determination of friction coefficients
according to DIN 946.
There are published tables of "K" factors for various combinations of materials,
surface finishes, plating, coatings and lubricants. However, actual experience has
shown that it is highly unreliable to assume that any given "K" value applies to a
specific fastener being assembled. The importance of the torque-angle approach to
assembly cannot be overemphasized when you are responsible for the safety and
reliability of critical bolted assemblies. It is not uncommon to see variations in
friction coefficients of 2:1 or more as the same fastener is repeatedly tightened and
loosened. The most practical way to minimize the variation in clamp force for
bolted assemblies is to use both torque and angle of turn in your assembly
process.
The factor K, often called to as the "nut factor", can be expressed as a combination
of three factors:
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Thread /Underhead Friction Coefficient Measurements
P: Thread Pitch
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