Detailed Structural Analysis & Design Report

of Commercial Building

Submitted to
Bhimdutta Municipality, MahendraNagar,
Kanchanpur

Prepared & Submitted By: Owner's Name:

Technical Services & Solutions Pvt Ltd Owner's Address:
BhimduttaNagar- Municipality, MahendraNagar,
Kanchanpur

Contents

List of Tables iv

List of Figuresv
Chapter 1 Introduction................................................................................................................................. 6
1.1 Introduction............................................................................................................................................ 6
1.2 Objectives and Scope of Work..............................................................................................................6
1.3 Structural Components.......................................................................................................................... 6
1.4 Codes, Standards and References.......................................................................................................7
1.5 Structural Design Methodology..............................................................................................................7

Chapter 2 Design Philosophy and Approach..............................................................................................8

2.1 Introduction............................................................................................................................................ 8
2.2 Seismic Parameters...............................................................................................................................8
2.3 Overall Design Procedure.................................................................................................................... 11

Chapter 3 Basic Materials.........................................................................................................................11

3.1 Introduction.......................................................................................................................................... 11
3.2 Concrete.............................................................................................................................................. 11
3.3 Reinforcing Steel................................................................................................................................. 12
3.4 Soil Bearing Capacity..........................................................................................................................12

Chapter 4 Modeling and Analysis.............................................................................................................12

4.1 Introduction.......................................................................................................................................... 12
4.2 Modeling of Structural System.............................................................................................................12
4.2.1 Beams........................................................................................................................................... 12
4.2.2 Roof (or Slab)................................................................................................................................ 12
4.2.3 Columns........................................................................................................................................ 12

Chapter 5 Loads........................................................................................................................................ 13
5.1 Introduction.......................................................................................................................................... 13
5.2 Gravity Load........................................................................................................................................ 13
5.3 Seismic Load....................................................................................................................................... 14
5.3.1 Code-based Design...................................................................................................................... 14
5.4 Analysis Procedures............................................................................................................................15
5.4.1 Code Based Design...................................................................................................................... 15
5.5 Component and Member Design.........................................................................................................17

Chapter 6 Structural Design Results.........................................................................................................17

6.1 Introduction.......................................................................................................................................... 17
6.2 Analysis Results.................................................................................................................................. 17
6.2.1 Base Shear................................................................................................................................... 19
6.2.2 Story Drift...................................................................................................................................... 19
6.2.3 Deformation................................................................................................................................... 20
6.3 Concrete Column Design..................................................................................................................... 20

Chapter 7 Results and Output...................................................................................................................21

7.1 Analysis for Building Block...................................................................................................................21
7.1.1 Introduction:.................................................................................................................................. 21
7.1.2 Footing Design for Residential Building Block:.............................................................................21
7.2 Typical Slab Design.............................................................................................................................26
7.3 Typical Staircase Design.....................................................................................................................27

Chapter 8 Summary.................................................................................................................................. 29
8.1 Summary............................................................................................................................................. 29
8.1.1 Beam design summary.................................................................................................................29
8.1.2 Column Design Summary.............................................................................................................31
8.1.3 Footing Design Summary..............................................................................................................32

Page ii
 8.1.4 Slab Design Summary..................................................................................................................32
8.1.5 Staircase Design Summary...........................................................................................................32

Appendix A: Sample Design for RC Column..................................................................................................33

Appendix B: Sample Design for RC Beam.....................................................................................................34

APPENDIX C: COLUMN , BEAM CAPACITY RATIO CHECK.......................................................................35

APPENDIX D: CHECKLIST FOR RCC STRUCTURE....................................................................................36

Page iii
List of Tables
Table 1:Typical Structural Member and Components........................................................................7

Table 2:Codes and Standards........................................................................................................... 7

Table 3: Importance factor................................................................................................................ 9

Table 4: Structural Performance factor........................................................................................... 10

Table 5: Compressive Strength of concrete.................................................................................... 11

Table 6 :Yield Strength of Reinforcing steel.................................................................................... 12

Table 7 : Live Load and Imposed Dead Load................................................................................... 14

Table 8: Limit State Load Combinations used in Code-based Design..............................................14

Table 9: Analysis Procedures for Code Base Design........................................................................ 15

Table 10: Component and Member Design..................................................................................... 17

Table 11: Beam design Summary................................................................................................... 30

Page iv
List of Figures

Figure 1: Subsoil type Vs Time period............................................................................................... 9

Figure 2: Axial Force diagram (udcon1 )......................................................................................... 18

Figure 3: Shear Force diagram (udcon1)......................................................................................... 18

Figure 4: BMD-3D (udcon1)............................................................................................................. 19

Figure 5: Displacement of 3d model (Eqy)...................................................................................... 20

Figure 6:Displacement of 3d model (EqX)....................................................................................... 20

Figure 7: FOUNDATION, BEAM & COLUMN PLAN............................................................................. 21

Figure 8: First Floor Reinforment required...................................................................................... 29

Figure 9: Second Floor Reinforcment required................................................................................ 30

Figure 10:3RD Floor Reinforcment required.................................................................................... 30

Figure 11:Grid-A reinforcment........................................................................................................ 31

Figure 12: Grid-B Reinforment required......................................................................................... 31

Figure 14: C/B capacity ratio>1.2,ALL PASSED............................................................................... 35

Page v
Chapter 1 Introduction

1.1 Introduction
This report presents the structure analysis and design of Residential Building. The building is Special Reinforced Concrete
Moment Resisting Frame (SMRF) type of building. It is designed to meet both strength and serviceability requirements when
subjected to gravity and earthquake loads.
The analysis and design has been based on IS codes & Nepal building code that are in practice in Nepal. This report consists
of the design assumptions, design methodology, design inputs and outputs, and sample design of structural members.

1.2 Objectives and Scope of Work

The main objectives of the work were to perform the structural design of the building in
terms of suitability of the structural system, cost effectiveness, efficient use of materials
and other resources, conformance to the acceptable building codes, standards and
established engineering practices, with special emphasis on the effects due to
earthquakes and other applicable demands.
The scope of work is divided into two phases.
Phase I: Structural System Development
Structural system is developed to achieve the good performance and cost effectiveness in
collaboration with the project architects.
1) Review architectural drawings provided by the client and other related documents as
necessary.
2) Develop structural concepts and the structural system with an objective to achieve
good performance and cost effectiveness.
Phase II: Detailed Structural Design
Structural design is carried out using state-of-the-art methodologies, techniques,
technologies, and tools. References were made to the relevant design codes, standards,
and documents.
1) Develop design criteria to be used for the structural design of the building.
2) Create finite element models of the structure with varying complexities and
refinements as suitable to understand the response.
3) Carry out an analysis and design of the structure, progressively using linear-static
techniques.
4) Carry out detailed design and prepare structural design drawings.

1.3 Structural Components

The components of structural system used for this report are summarized in the following
table.

Page 6
 Table 1:Typical Structural Member and Components

Structural System Element Typical Component Size of

Types component

Special RC moment-resisting frame Foundation RC FOOTING(ISOLATED) 5'X5'

(SMRF Building)
Column RC sections 14"X14",

Beam RC sections 12"x9"

Plinth RC beam 12"x9"

beams
Lintels RC beam 4"

Walls Non-load bearing walls 9", 4.5"

Roof RC-Slab 5"

system

1.4 Codes, Standards and References

The structural design is based primarily on the current Standards of Indian & Nepal codes,
which is prevailingly adopted for the structural design of the buildings in Nepal.
The basic building codes to be referred are listed below which were followed for structural
design, also indicating their area of application.
Table 2:Codes and Standards

SNo Codes andStandards Description

.

1 IS 456: 2000 Plain and Reinforced Concrete - Code of Practice

2 NBC 102: 1994 Code of Practice for Design Loads (other than Earthquake) for Buildings
and Structures: Part 1 Dead Loads – UnitWeights of Building Material and
Stored Materials (Second Revision)
3 NBC 103: 1994 Code of Practice for Design Loads (other than Earthquake) for Buildings
and Structures: Part 2 Imposed Loads (Second Revision)
4 NBC 104: 1994 Code of Practice for Design Loads (other than Earthquake) for Buildings
and Structures: Part 3 Wind Loads (Second Revision)
5 SP 34: 1987 Handbook on Concrete Reinforcement and Detailing
6 IS 13920: 1993 Ductile detailing of reinforced concrete structures subjected to seismic
forces - Code of practice
7 NBC 105: 1994 Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of structures
The structural analysis and design were carried out using relevant Indian Codes of Practice. The earthquake loading were
carried out using IS1893 2002. The structural reinforced concrete design of foundation, column, beam and slab were done
based on IS 456. Also, the system has been designed to meet the ductility requirements of IS 13920.

1.5 Structural Design Methodology

SAP2000 version 22 was used for the linear static analysis and design of three-
dimensional structures, in which the spatial distribution of the mass and stiffness of the
structure was adequate for the calculation of the significant features of structures.

Page 7
 The structural elements of reinforced concrete were designed to Limit State Theory, while
the structural steel elements were designed to the Permissible Stress Theory. The major
structural elements were automatically designed in the programmer to IS 456 for
reinforced concrete structures elements, while the certain design calculations for those
not properly figured due to the limitation of program were manually carried out in
accordance with the relevant latest standards.

Chapter 2 Design Philosophy and Approach

2.1 Introduction
This chapter presents the design philosophy and approach used in structural design of
buildings.

2.2 Seismic Parameters

This section describes the seismic parameters taken for analysis of each
commercial/residential building.

Seismic Coefficient Method:

(Nepal Standard: NS 105:1994)
Horizontal Seismic Base Shear
According to Nepal Standard NS:105: 1994, the horizontal seismic shear force acting at
the base of the structure, in the direction being considered, shall be :
Vb = C d*Wt
Where, Cd is basic seismic coefficient.
Cd =C*Z*I*K

Horizontal Seismic Forces

The horizontal seismic force at each level (i) shall be taken as:
Fi= Vb Wihi/ ΣWihi

The set of equivalent static forces specified above were assumed to act simultaneously at
each level in the direction being considered and were applied through points eccentric to
the centre of rigidity.

Fundamental Natural Period(NS 105:1994):

The approximate fundamental natural period of vibration ( T ), in seconds, for moment-
resisting frame buildings without brick infill panels, was estimated by the empirical
expression:
T = 0.06 h0.75
Where
h = Height of building
Base seismic coefficient (c):
To determine the seismic load, it is considered that the country lies in the seismic zone
z=0.91 according to NBC-105. The soil is subsoil typeIII. The building is analyzed as
moment resisting frame without consideration of infill wall. Therefore the base seismic
coefficient is obtained by using the following graph of time period vs soil type:

Page 8
Figure 1: Subsoil type Vs Time period

Importance factor(I):
Importance factor for the calculation of seismic is taken as on the following type
Table 3: Importance factor

S.N Types of Building Importance factor

1 Residential Building 1
2 Public & commercial Building 1.5

Zone factore(z):
zone factors for different municipalities and other regions are given in below table and
region

Page 9
 Structural performance factor(k):
The minimum permissible value of the structural performance factor, K, and associated
detailing requirements shall be as given in Table 8.2.
The structural type may be different in each of two directions in a building and in that
case the appropriate value for K shall be selected for each direction.
When more than one structural type is used in the structure, for the direction under
consideration, the structural performance factor for the element providing the majority of
the seismic load resistance shall be applied provided that the elements of the other
structural types have the ability to accept the resulting deformations.
Table 4: Structural Performance factor

s. Structural type Minimum detailing requirements Structural

n performance
factor(k)

1 Ductile moment-resisting frame Must comply with the detailing for ductility 1.0
requirements.
2 Frame as in 1 with reinforced concrete Reinforced concrete shear walls must 1.0
shear walls comply with appropriate3 detailing for
ductility requirement
3 Frame as in 1(a) with masonry infills Must comply with the detailing for ductility 21.2
requirements.
4 Frame as in 1 with either steel bracing Steel bracing members must comply with 1.5 1.2
members detailed for ductility or reinforced the detailing for ductility requirements NBC
concrete infill panels 111-94.

2.3 Overall Design Procedure

Analysis and design of the buildings was performed according to the following steps for
each structural system.

Page 10
 Planning & Architectural drawings

Structural members Preliminary Design

SAP or Etabs Modelling

Loap Application(DL , LL , E-quake, wind etc.)

Analysis (linear static or dyanmic)& Checks( torsional irregularity, drift, soft storey, mass irregularity

Design(IS456:2000) & Checks

Modification (if needed)

Preparation of Structural drawings

Chapter 3 Basic Materials

3.1 Introduction
This chapter presents the strength of materials used in the design of structural
components.

3.2 Concrete
The minimum compressive, used in different types of structural components are shown in
the following table.
Table 5: Compressive Strength of concrete

f'c (Nominal) f'c (Expected)

Standard Member
(MPa) (MPa)
NBC 102 : Footings 20 20
1994
NBC 102 : Beams 20 20
1994
NBC 102 : Columns 20 20
1994

Page 11
3.3 Reinforcing Steel
Minimum yield strength of reinforcing steel to be used in the design is shown in the
following table.
Table 6 :Yield Strength of Reinforcing steel

fy (Nominal) fy (Expected)
Diameter
(MPa) (MPa)
10mm and below 415 456.5

12 mm and 500 550

above

3.4 Soil Bearing Capacity

Three types of Soil type were considered in the current design. The geometrical size of
footing was determined considering the allowable bearing capacity as 120 KN/m2
respectively.

Chapter 4 Modeling and Analysis

4.1 Introduction
This chapter presents the finite element modeling of the building, including modeling
assumptions of materials, sections, and components properties.

4.2 Modeling of Structural System

Complete, three-dimensional elastic models were created, representing the structure’s
spatial distribution of the mass and stiffness to an extent that was adequate for the
calculation of the significant features of the building’s linear response. ETABS was used as
analysis tool. Nominal material properties were used in modeling of structural
components. The models include columns, beams, slabs, and roof truss.

4.2.1 Beams
Frame elements were used in modeling of beams, which includes the effects of bending,
torsion, axial deformation, and shear deformations. Insertion points and end offsets were
applied to account for the finite size of beam and column intersections, if required. The
end offsets may be made partially or fully rigid based on engineering judgment to model
the stiffening effect that can occur when the ends of an element were embedded in beam
and column intersections.

4.2.2 Roof (or Slab)

Concrete thin shell elements were used in modeling of slab. Slab should be design in such
a way that its thickness is suitable on application of all loads within its maximum
deflection criteria.

4.2.3 Columns
Frame elements were used in modeling of columns, which includes the effects of biaxial
bending, torsion, axial deformation, and biaxial shear deformations. Insertion points and

Page 12
 end offsets were applied to account for the finite size of beam and column intersections, if
required. The end offsets may be made partially or fully rigid based on engineering
judgment to model the stiffening effect that can occur when the ends of an element were
embedded in beam and column intersections.

Chapter 5 Loads

5.1 Introduction
This chapter presents the design loads considered in the structural design, including
gravity loads and seismic loads.

5.2 Gravity Load

Self-weight of the structure was considered as dead load and finishes and partitions were
considered as imposed dead load. Live load was determined in accordance with
occupancy or use. The following loads are in addition to the self-weight of the structure.
The minimum loading requirements were taken from NS 101-1994.

WALL LOAD CALCULATIONS

S.N Wall type Unit Wall Floor Slab Beam Clear Load
weight(k Thickness Height( Depth( Depth( Height( Applied(kN
N/m3) (mm) mm) mm) mm) mm) /m)
1 FULL BRICK 19.2 250 3048 125 300 2623 11.583
WALL
                 
  Full Brick             8.108
Wall with
Openings
(applied
70% of (1))
                 
2 HALF 19.2 120 3048 125 300 2623 5.792
  BRICK              
WALL(PART
ITION)
                 
  Half Brick             4.054
Wall with
Openings
(applied
70% of (2))
                 
3 Parapet 19.2 120 0 0 0 120 2.650
Wall 0

Page 13
 Table 7 : Live Load and Imposed Dead Load

Occupancy or Live Imposed Dead Load

Use Load
Bedrooms 2.5 KN/m2 To be computed for actual finishes and partitions
Corridors 4.0 KN/m2 To be computed for actual finishes and partitions
Roof 0.75 KN/m2 To be computed for inaccessible except for maintenance

5.3 Seismic Load

The basic seismic input was determined from NS 105:1994

Seismic weight: Comprises Dead Load+ 25% of Live Load (as per IS Code for live load
intensity
2
 3 KN/m )

Seismic wt. at ith floor level (W I) = (Total dead load of all components i.e. Beam, Slab,
Columns And Walls for ½ height above and ½ height below the floor level + 25% of live
load)

n
Total Weight of the frame, W=  Wi Where, n = total number of storey
I=1

5.3.1 Code-based Design

5.3.1.1 Combinations for Limit State Method (NS 105:1994)

Limit State Method design load combinations used in code-based design are shown in the
following table.(Ref: IS 1893:2002)
Table 8: Limit State Load Combinations used in Code-based Design

No. Load Combination

1 1.5(DL+LL)

2 1.2(DL+LL±EL)

3 1.5(DL±EL)

4 0.9DL ± 1.5 EL

where: DL = Dead load

LL = Live load
EL = Earthquake load
Live load was not included in the mass calculations.

Page 14
5.4 Analysis Procedures
5.4.1 Code Based Design
Analysis procedure of the code-based design was shown in the table below.
Table 9: Analysis Procedures for Code Base Design

LOAD CASE ANALYSIS

PROCEDURES
Gravity Linear Static
load
Earthquak Linear Static
e load
Live Load Linear Static

5.4.1.1 Base Shear & Distribution of Base Shear

The seismic weight at each level, Wi, were taken as the sum of the dead loads and the
seismic live loads between the mid-heights of adjacent storeys. 100% of dead load,
superimposed dead load and 25% of live load upto 3 kN/m 2 and 50% of live load above 3
KN/m2were considered as mass source.

As Per NBC 105:

Total Horizontal Base Shear V= C d  W

Where, Cd = CZIK

Location of site = MAHENDRANAG    

AR
Type of building = Residential  
Importance factor (I) = 1  
   
Zone z = 0.92  
Performance factor k = 1  
NO OF STOREY = 2  
Height of building = 6.096 m  
   
As per clause 7.3 of NBC 105 fundamental time period of building is given by
T = 0.233 sec  
   
For this time period and Type III soil Basic seismic  
coefficient
C = 0.08 [fig 8.1 NBC  
105 ]
Design base shear coefficient C = 0.0736  
d
   
Seismic weight = 5351.69 kN  
Base shear = 393.88 kN  
   

Page 15
              

Page 16
5.4.1.2 Linear Static Procedure (LSP)
Linear static analysis was carried out for gravity and earthquake loadings.

5.5 Component and Member Design

The structural components were designed to satisfy the strength and ductility
requirements. Strength capacities for different types of actions considered in the
design are summarized in the table below.
Table 10: Component and Member Design

Structural System Component Design Code

Approach/Consideration Reference
Special RC moment RC beams Flexural response IS 456:2000
Resisting frame Shear
RC columns Compression IS 456:2000
Flexure
Shear
Footings Bearing capacity of soil IS 456:2000
Flexural, shear
RC Moment connections IS 456:2000
connections Shear connections

Chapter 6 Structural Design Results

6.1 Introduction
This chapter presents the analysis and design results of the building. The structural
components were designed to resist the elastic demand forces considering R factor
using seismic coefficient analysis method.

6.2 Analysis Results

The analysis results for the building are tabulated in section capture 7. Axial force
diagram, Bending Moment diagram, Shear Force diagram for certain load
combinations are given below

Page 17
Figure 2: Axial Force diagram (udcon1 )

Figure 3: Shear Force diagram (udcon1)

Figure 4: BMD-3D (udcon1)

Page 18
6.2.1 Base Shear
The base shear was compared in the above tie beam level. Total weight of building
above tie beam level and base shear is shown as in table in capture 7 below.Base
shear distribution is given below

6.2.2 Story Drift

Maximum drift was calculated based on the SMRF structure. The deflection deviation
from SAP2000 uses to obtain the maximum drift for center of diaphragm for
individual floor.

Drift check(Y-direction)

Stor LoadCase height( Absolute Relative permissible chec

ey m) Drift(mm) Drift(mm) drift k
Groun EqX 3.048 0 0 12.192 OK
d
1st EqX 3.048 3.31 3.31 12.192 OK
2nd EqX 3.048 6.32 3.01 12.192 OK

Overall height = 6.096

Max drift = 6.4
Permissible = 24.384 Safe
drift

Drift check(X-direction)
Stor LoadCase height( Absolute Relative permissible chec
ey m) Drift(mm) Drift(mm) drift k
Groun EqY 3.048 0 0 12.192 OK
d
1st EqY 3.048 3.38 3.38 12.192 OK
2nd EqY 3.048 6.4 3.02 12.192 OK

6.2.3 Deformation
Maximum deformation of the building for static earthquake load condition for X and Y direction was checked
from SAP2000 model. Deformed value of the structure is tabulated in capture 7. Deflected shape of building
in x-dir and y-dir due to Eqx & Eqy respectively are shown below

Figure 5: Displacement of 3d model (Eqy)

Page 19
Figure 6:Displacement of 3d model (EqX)

6.3 Concrete Column Design

The concrete column was designed using various sections with reference IS 456. The
minimum size of column was designed considering the ductile detailing with reference
to IS 13920. Section input to be provided is as shown in below diagrams
Foundation Design
Foundation was designed as an isolated footing. The dimension of the foundation was
calculated based on 120 kN/m 2 soil bearing capacity. The thickness of 350 mm
footing was used for the foundation. The thickness was checked under punching shear
and size of footing was determined considering nominal load transfer mechanism
from the column to foundation below.

Chapter 7 Results and Output

7.1 Analysis for Building Block

7.1.1 Introduction:
This chapter presents the finite element modeling of the building as mansion in
chapter 2, including modeling assumptions of materials, sections, components
properties and design and result of the building

Page 20
Figure 7: FOUNDATION, BEAM & COLUMN PLAN

7.1.2 Footing Design for Residential Building Block:

Foundation was designed as an isolated footing based on 120 kN/m 2 bearing capacity
dimension of footing was calculated. The thickness was checked under punching
shear. The thickness of foundation used for calculation was 500 mm.

Typical Footing Design for Building Block (COMBINED FOOTING FOR CRITICAL JOINT)

Page 21
 Isolated Footing Design
Input Calculation Output Date : 26 March 2020
Footing Mark B2 Grade of Concrete (f ck )
Length of Column (l ) 0.35 m Grade of Steel (f y )
Width of Column (b ) 0.35 m Axial Force (P ) 276.67 kN
Diameter of Bar in Column (φ c) 16 mm Bending Moment about X-X (M x-x ) -1.50 kN-m
2 1.5
Length of Footing (L ) 1.53 m Bending Moment about Y-Y (M y-y ) 0.40 kN-m
Width of Footing (B ) 1.53 m Multiplying Factor for SBC 2 1
Depth of Footing (D ) 0.45 m Load Combination Type 2 1.5
Depth of Footing at the edge (d edge ) 0.15 m Type of Footing 2
Diameter of Bar (φ ) 12 mm Exposure Condition
Soil Bearing Capacity (SBC) 120.0 kN/sq. m Pressure Consideration for Design
Size of Footing is adequate for Initial Consideration of Soil Pressure.
No Tension in Footing.
Safe for One Way Shear Criteria in Short Direction.
Safe for One Way Shear Criteria in Long Direction.
Safe for Punching Shear Criteria.
Bearing Capacity is sufficient for Load Transfer.
Required Spacing for Bars along the Length of Footing 300 mm Provided Spacing for Bars along the Length of Footing 150 mm
Required Spacing for Bars along the Width of Footing 300 mm Provided Spacing for Bars along the Width of Footing 200 mm
Required Spacing for Bars along the Width in the Central Band 300 mm Provided Spacing for Bars along the Width in the Central Band 200 mm
Provide 12 mm φ @ 150 mm c/c along the length of the footing.
Provide 12 mm φ @ 200 mm c/c along the width of the footing.
Provide 12 mm φ @ 200 mm c/c along the width of the footing in the central band.
Extend 4 bars of 16 mm φ from column to footing with a development length of 760 mm

1.53 m

12 mm φ @ 200 mm c/c
0.35 m

0.35 m
1.53 m

12 mm φ @ 200 mm c/c

0.80 m 0.80 m

12 mm φ @ 150 mm c/c

Page 22
7.2 Typical Slab Design

SLAB DESIGN
Input Calculation Output Date : 26 March 2020
2
Slab Mark S1 Floor Finish (w sdl) 1.50 kN/m
2
Overall Depth (D) 125 mm Live Load (w sl) 2.50 kN/m
2
Effective Cover (d') 20 mm Other Loads (w vl) 0.00 kN/m
2
Grade of Concrete (fck) 7 Self Weight (wdl) 3.13 kN/m
2
Grade of Steel (fy) Total Load (w) 7.13 kN/m
2
Clear Span in Shorter Direction (l x) 4.97 m Factored Total Load (w u) 10.69 kN/m
Clear Span in Longer Direction (l y ) 4.50 m Edge Support Condition
Reinforcement Details
Diameter of Bars along Shorter Direction at Mid-span (φ x-mid ) 8 mm Diameter of Bars along Shorter Direction at Support (φ x-sup ) 8 mm
Diameter of Bars along Longer Direction at Mid-span (φ y-mid ) 8 mm Diameter of Bars along Longer Direction at Support (φ y-sup) 8 mm
Spacing for Bars along Shorter Direction at Mid-span (s x-mid) #N/A Spacing for Bars along Shorter Direction at Support (sx-sup) #N/A
Provided Spacing for Bars along Shorter Direction at Mid-span 150 mm Provided Spacing for Bars along Shorter Direction at Support 200 mm
Spacing for Bars along Longer Direction at Mid-span (s y-mid) 125 mm Spacing for Bars along Longer Direction at Support (s y-sup) 75 mm
Provided Spacing for Bars along Longer Direction at Mid-span 250 mm Provided Spacing for Bars along Longer Direction at Support 450 mm
#N/A
Corners Lift-up? 1 Ast, torsion 251.33 mm2
Diameter of Bars in Mesh (φ t) 10 mm Spacing of Bars in Mesh (st) 300 mm
Provide 10 mm φ @ 300 mm c/c both ways at top and bottom at each corner over an area 1000 mm × 1000 mm
Strength Criteria
pt,lim 0.96 % pt,provided 0.32 %
Design is Safe for Strength Criteria
Deflection Criteria
Middle Support
(l/d)max #N/A #N/A
Shorter Direction
(l/d)provided 48.34 48.34
(l/d)max N/A N/A
Longer Direction
(l/d)provided N/A N/A
Design is Safe for Deflection Criteria
Shear Criteria
Design is Safe for Shear Criteria

10 φ @ 300 mm

8 φ @ 150 mm 8 φ @ 200 mm
4.97 m

8 φ @ 250 mm 8 φ @ 450 mm

4.50 m

Page 23
7.3 Typical Staircase Design

DESIGN OF STAIR CASE SPANNING LONGITUDINALLY

(Limit State Method as per IS 456-2000)

Name of Work: Dog-Legged Staircase Design

Rise of the Step (Rise) 150.000mm

Tread of the Step (Tread) 250.000mm
Width of the Step (Width) 1.220m
Span Length (L1) 0.000m
Span Length (L2) 2.280m
Span Length (L3) 1.220m
Live Load (Lload) 3.000kN/m2
Railing Load (Raiload) 1.000kN/m
Finishes Load (Finload) 1.000kN/m2
Effective Cover 15mm
Grade of Concrete (M) 20
Grade of Steel (Fe) 415
Detailed Design of Stairs

Assuming the waist slab thickness approximately as 35-40 mm for every metre
longitudinal span.
Waist Slab thickness = (Wst) = (L1+L2+L3)x40 = 140mm
Dead weight of Waist Slab on inclined area (Dlws) = Wst x 0.025
Dlws = 140 x 0.025 = 3.5kN/m2
Dead weight of Waist slab on Horizontal area (Dlwsh) =
Dlws x SQRT(Rise2 + Tread2)/Tread =
3.5x SQRT(150^2 +250^2)/(250) = 4.082kN/m2
Dead Weight of Steps (Dwsteps) = 0.5 x Rise x Conc Density =
Dwsteps = 0.5 x 150 x 25 / 1000 = 1.875kN/m2
Live Load on the Stair Case (as per IS 875) = 3.000kN/m2
Finishes Load on the Stair Case (if any) (Fin. Load = 1.000kN/m2
Loading on Spans L1 and or L3 per metre run (Landing Portion) :
Wl1 = Wl3 = (Dlws + Lload + Finload) = (3.5 + 3 + 1) = 7.500kN/m
Loading on Span L2 per metre run (Flight Portion)

Page 24
Wl2 = ((Dlwsh+Dwsteps+Lload+Finload)xwidth + Raiload)/width
Wl2 = ((4.082 + 1.875 + 3 + 1) x 1.22 + 1) /1.22 = 10.777kN/m

Loading Details on Stairs:

0.000 10.777 7.500

     
         

A L1 = 0   L2 = 2.28   L3 = 1.22 B
Ra18.163 15.559Rb
Reactions Ra and Rb
Taking moments of all forces about B
Ra x 3.5 = 0x0x(1.22+2.28+0x0.5) + 10.777x2.28(1.22+ 0.5x2.28) +7.5x1.22x0.5x1.22=
Ra x 4.8 = 63.5704kN
Reaction at the support A = 18.163kN
Rb = (0x0 + 10.777x2.28 + 7.5x1.22) - 18.163 = = 15.559kN
Maximum BM Occurs at the point 'x' where SF is Zero or Changes its sign.
Point of Maximum Moment = 1.444m
Max BM: 18.163 x 1.444 - 0 x 0 x (1.444-0.5x0) - 10.777 x 0.5 x (1.444 - 0)^2
= 14.991kNm
Factored BM = 1.5 x 14.991 = 22.487kNm
Required Effective Depth from Bending Point of View:
Mu limit = 0.138fck bd2
d (reqd) = Sqrt((Factored BM/(0.138 x fck) = Sqrt((22.487 x 1e+03) /(0.138x 20))
d (reqd) = 90.263mm However Provide an Effective depth of 100mm
Provide an overall depth of 120mm
Factor Mu/bd2 = 22.4871e+03/100^2 = 2.25
Required percentage of steel (pt) = 0.735%
Area of Steel Required = 735mm2 12# @ 153.741mm c/c
However provided steel = 12# @ 70mm c/c %Ast prov = 1.614%
1.4126
Ast Provided = 1614mm2 Modification Factor for Tensile steel = 5

Page 25
Allowable Span to effective depth = 36.729
Actual Span to effective depth = 35.000 Hence Safe
Provide 8 mm minimum distribution steel @ 0.12% of gross area = 138mm2
Provide 8# @ 360 mm c/c

Chapter 8 Summary

8.1 Summary
Structural design was carried out for buildings. Structural system was Special moment
resisting reinforced concrete frame system with in-filled wall. Special moment
resisting frame was analyzed with seismic load from NBC 105:1994 and reinforced
concrete members were designed with IS456. The outputs from both codes were
compared. The reinforced concrete section was taken from bigger value among the
values obtained from the codes. The foundations were designed as isolated footing
considering the bearing capacity of soil 120KN/m2 respectively. The proposed design
satisfies the key requirement of the building codes.

8.1.1 Beam design summary

Figure 8: First Floor Reinforment required

Page 26
Figure 9: Second Floor Reinforcment required

Table 11: Beam design Summary

Beam Detail

    Grid Size          
of
S.N Descripti beam Positio At At Mid Stirrup Remark
o on n Ends s s
    inc          
h
1 Ground Floor,1st A,B,C,D,E 9"x12" Top 2- 2- 8mm dia M20
Floor 16ØTh+ 16ØTh. bar 2- Concrete
2-12ØEx Legged
@ 4" c/c
1,2,3,4,5, Bottom 2- 2- at 2d
6 16ØTh. 16ØTh+ distance
2-12ØEx from
2 Top Roof A,B,C,D,E 9"x12" Top 2- 2- beam
16ØTh. 16ØTh. joint &
6"
1,2,3,4,5, Bottom 2- 2- remainin
6 16ØTh. 16ØTh. g
distance

Page 27
8.1.2 Column Design Summary

Figure 10:Grid-A reinforcment

Figure 11: Grid-B Reinforment required

Page 28
 Figure 12:Grid-C Reinforment required

Figure 13:Grid-D Reinforment required

Figure 14:Grid-E Reinforment required

Column Reinforcement
Column Ground floor First floor STIRRUPS
Type

C-1 8-16Ø 8-16Ø 8mm DIA @ 4" C/C near joint & 6" C/C at mid
(14"X14")
     
Notes: C1- ALL

Page 29
8.1.3 Footing Design Summary

Isolated Footing Reinforcement Details

Footing Size Reinforcement in x Concrete edge Footing depth
-direction & y- Footing depth
Type direction depth from Ground
level
F-1 5'-0"'x5'- 12mm Ø @ 6" spacing on 15" 6" 5'-0"
0" both side
           

Note: F1-All

8.1.4 Slab Design Summary

  Critical panel bar size Spacing Thickness  

Slab Type majo-dir minor-dir (inch) Remarks

Two-way   8mm 150mm - 5" M20

8mm - 150

8.1.5 Staircase Design Summary

  bar Spacing Thicknes  
size s
Slab Type Latera trasvers (inch) Remark
l e s
Flight & Landing 12mm 150m - 5" M20
m

8mm - 250mm 5"

Page 30
Appendix A: Sample Design for RC Column
SAP2000 V20 Concrete Frame Design

Page 31
Appendix B: Sample Design for RC Beam
SAP2000 V20 Concrete Frame Design
IS 456:2000 Beam Section Design

Page 32
APPENDIX C: COLUMN , BEAM CAPACITY RATIO CHECK

C/B ratio
Ratio of flexural capacity of Beam/column is computed to preclude the formation of plastic
hinges in columns for obvious reasons. 
Sum of flexural capacities of column at a joint should be 1.2 times the capacities of beam
framing into the joint in particular direction.
When capacity is exceeded, we can increase the size of column, or reduce the size of beam,
or play with reinforcement of members. It has nothing to do with redistribution of moments;
If both end of column will yield, during a seismic event, in a particular story, structure will
most probably collapse. In a frame, that is resisting lateral loads, you cannot take away the
ability of beam to develop negative moment; if you do not provide top reinforcement, it will
not be called a moment resisting frame, and will not resist lateral loads.

Figure 15: C/B capacity ratio>1.2,ALL PASSED

Page 33
APPENDIX D: CHECKLIST FOR RCC STRUCTURE
Ministry of Urban Development
Department of Urban Development & Building Constrution
Building Code Division
Babarmahal, Kathmandu

NBC Compliance Check list on Structural Analysis & Design for RCC

Adopted
S.No Description Quantity Unit Remarks
Code
     
A General Information:  
A.1 Owner’s Name:  
  Address:  

  Plinth Area:   sq.ft    

  Plot no:        

A.3 Types of Building: Residential

A.4 Structural Designed By:  

  Consultancy Firm: Technical Services & Solutions Pvt Ltd

  Designers’ Name: Dambar Mouny
Nepal Engineering Council
 
No:
21461 Civil "A"
     

B Geometrical Configuration of Building:      

B.1 No. of Block: 1      

B.2 No. of Story: 2      

B.3 Story Height:        

  Basements 0      

  Ground Floor 3.048 m    

  Typical 3.048 m    

B.4 No. of columns: 10 no    

B.5 No. of Lift: 0      

B.6 No. of staircase: 1 no    

B.7 Total height of structure: 6.096 m    

Total height for Fundamental

B.8
time period calculation:
6.096 m    

Height to width ratio of

B.9 0.39      
building:

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 Length to width ratio of
B.10 1.43      
building:
           
C Geological Investigation:        

Geological Investigation
i) Yes No
Conducted

  If No        

Adopted Value as per NBC

C.9 205 Table        
3.1

Site Consideration as per NBC

C.10 Yes No
108?

       

D Structural Analysis and Design Procedure:      

Structural Analysis Software:

D.1 SAP2000 v22      
(version)
D.2 Structural System: SMRF      

D.3 Foundation System: ISOLATED(Sloped)      

D.4 Loading Parameters:        

  i. Dead Load: ……………. (As per NBC102:1994)
 
  ii. Live Load: ……………. (As per NBC 103:1994)
    …………….      
  iii. Other Load if any        
D.5 Concrete Grade Used : M20   Column
  Foundation, Beam,
    M20  
Slab

D.6 Reinforcement Grade Used: Fe500      

 
Reinforcement Grade Used for      
Fe415
shear:

Mechanical Properties of other

D.7        
construction materials used:

  i. Brick 18 kN/m3    

kN/m
  ii. Steel Section 75..8    
3
kN/m
  iii. RCC 25    
3

Page 35
 kN/m
  iii. PCC 24    
3
Seismic Load (AS per
D.8 NBC105 or        
IS 1893:2002) :-
D.8.1 Zone Factor (Z): 0.92      
D.8.2 Importance Factor(I): 1     Residential
D.8.3 Soil Type:        
Fundamental Time
D.8.4 0.233 sec    
Period(Tx/y):
Response Reduction Factor
D.8.5        
(R):

Design horizontal Seismic

D.8.6 0.0736      
Coefficient(Cd)):

D.8.7 Seismic Weight:(W) 5351.69 kN    

Design Seismic Base

D.8.8 393.88 kN    
Shear(Vbx/y):

D.8.9 Base Shear from Dynamic Analysis (Response spectrum analysis or time history)
  Rx=        
  Ry=        
D.8.1
Damping:        
0
           
           
           
           
D.9 Seismic Analysis Method:        

Seimic Coeffecient
D.9.1 Seismic Anlysis method      
Method

D.9.2 No. of modes Considered:        

D.9.3 Type of Modal Combination:        
Modal Mass Participation        
D.9.4
Factor:
  In X-direction        
  In Y-direction        
D.9.5 Scale Factor        
  i. Along X-direction:        
  ii. Along Y-Direction:        
D.9.6 Total Deflection of Building:        

24.38mm
  i. Along X-direction: 6.4 mm  
permissible

24.38mm
  ii. Along Y-Direction: 6.32 mm  
permissible

Page 36
 Inter Story Deflection
D.9.7 Eqx Eqy    
(Drift):
  Storey1 3.31 3.38    
  Storey2 3.01 3.02    
Separation Between blocks if        
D.9.8
any:

D.9.9 Load Combination Considered:     (NBC105 or IS 1893:2002)

           

E. Reinforced Concrete Design        

Concrete Design code

E.1     (IS456:2000 or )
Referred:

Ductile Detailing code

E.2     (IS13920:1993)
Referred:

Typical design of structural

elements foundation, slab, (IS456:2000
E.3      
staircase, retaining or )
wall etc:
           

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