structural engineers

45 Queens Gate Terrace

Hidden Staircase
Structural Calculations

21 July 2016, 2872, Rev00

90 Walcot Street . Bath BA1 5BG . 01225 444194

103 Timber Yard . Drysdale Street . London N1 6ND . 020 77396939
www.momentumengineering.com
Background Contents

This document has been prepared for the sole 1.0 Introduction 3
benefit, use and information of the client and for the
purposes set out in the following pages. 2.0 Design Loading 4
2.1 Dead load
The liability of Momentum Consulting Engineers Ltd 2.2 Imposed load
in respect of the information contained in the 2.3 Internal wind loading
document will not extend to any third party.
3.0 Member design 5
Author 3.1 Steel stringer
3.2 Steel landing beam
3.3 Lateral stability

3.4 Timber wall

B Ramsay

Checker

M Hutchison

Issue History

Rev. Date Comments

- 21.07.16 First Issue

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1.0 Introduction

These structural calculations are for a timber stud wall being installed around an existing Victorian staircase.
Analysis has shown that the landing and treads are unlikely to sustain the additional weight of the timber wall
on the staircase. Subsequently, the structure consists of the wall being supported on cranked steel beams
between the flights of stairs. The cranked steel beam is to be supported on a steel member at each of the
landings, which spans between the stair walls.

Lateral stability of the wall will be provided by the steel beams at each level, in conjunction with timber ceilings
spanning into the existing brick walls on either side.

The structure has been analysed using the following British Standards:

BS 6399: 1996 - Loading for buildings

BS 5950:2000 - Structural use of steelwork in buildings
BS 5268: 2002 - Structural use of timber

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2.0 Design Loading

2.1 Dead load

Timber wall
1 layers of 12.5mm plasterboard on each side = 0.2kPa
Timber studs 100x50 @ 400mm c/c (0.1x0.05 x 7kN/m3)/0.4 + nogging = 0.15kPa
Insulation = 0.1kPa
G (wall) = 0.45kPa

Landing 200mm thick max Portland stone 0.2m x 23kN/m3 G (landing) = 4.6kPa

Tread weight = dimensions x weight = 0.5 b.h.d x 23kN/m3 G (stairs) = 0.7kN/tread

2.2 Imposed load

Residential staircase Q = 1.5kN/m2

2.4 Internal wind load

Fundamental basic wind velocity for London, Vb = 21.7m/s
Basic velocity pressure, qb = 0.613 Vb^2 = 0.29kN/m2
Max net pressure coefficient across internal walls, Cp,i, net = 0.5
Net wind pressure, Wnet = qb x Cp,i conservatively = 0.15kN/m2

Characteristic wind force, Fw,i = cs x cd x Wnet W = 0.15kPa

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3.0 Member Design

3.1 Steel stringer

The cranked beam is required to span between steel landing beams while supporting a timber wall, and part of
the timber ceilings, over its length.

Largest stringer span = 4m + 0.2m x 2 at each end = 4.4m

Weight of wall being supported = 0.45 kPa x 3.6m = 1.65kN/m + 20% for ceilings

Analyse beam as simply supported between landings.

Bending moment demand = (1.4 x 1.65 x 1.2) x 4.4m^2/8 = 6.7 kNm

Try a 152 x 89 x 16 UKB, S275

Bending moment capacity @ 5.0m = 11.1 kNm
> 6.7 kNm OK

Check deflections
Deflection under G only = 5 x(1.65 x 1.2) x 4.4^4/(384 x 205 GPa x 834 cm^4)
= 5.7mm
= SPAN / 770 OK

Therefore use a 152 x 89 x 16 UKB, S275 for the cranked stringer.

3.2 Steel landing beam

The landing beams are required to support the steel stringer only but to be robust allow for these to be able to
support part of the stone landing and stair treads.

Steel beam loading:

Steel landing beam

Steel stringer
Landing and tread tributary area

Figure 1: Steel landing beam loading

The beam has been analysed in TEDDS to with the aim of reducing deflection to ver small <2mm in order to
match the rigidity of the landing and allow load share between the two.

ULS loading from stringer = 1.4 x 1.65 kN/m x 1.2 x 4.4m /2

= 6.1 kN

ULS loading from landing = 0 to 4.6 kPa x 1.5m x 1.4

= 0 to 10 kN/m

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 ULS loading from treads = ~ 5 treads x 0.7 kN/tread x 1.4
= 3.5 kN/ 1.0m x 1.4
= 4.9 kN/m

ULS live loading = 0 to 3.6 kN/m on landing (with 1.6 factor)

= 5 x 0.29m x 1.5 kPa x 1.6 on treads
= 3.5 kN/m

Tedds Results using a 152 x 152 x 30 , S275 UKC:

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 Maximum moment demand = 13.5 kNm
< 56.1 kNm @ 3.0m for 152 x 152 x 30 UKC beam
OK

Maximum deflection = 2.3mm @ ULS

~ 2.0mm OK

End wall connection loading at ULS = 18.8 kN (fully factored)

Brick wall stress = 18.8 kN /( 0.14 x 0.07) assumed brick width

= 1.9 MPa

Allowable brick bearing stress = 2.6 MPa (assumed weak brick) x 1.25 (bearing)/ 3.5
(material factor for cat 2 construction)
= 0.93 MPa NG

Therefore we require a padstone to reduce the stress on the block accordingly. Try a 215mm x 102.5mm.

Brick wall stress = 1.9 MPa

Allowable brick stress (using concrete) = 15 MPa x 1.25 / 3.5
= 5.4 MPa OK

Check bearing on masonry below = 18.8 kN/ (0.215 x 0.1025)

= 0.85 MPa
< 0.93 MPa OK

Therefore using a 215mm x 102.5mm padstone will be adequate to reduce bearing stresses on masonry.

3.3 Lateral stability

The wall obtains lateral stability by the steel beams at each level (via out-of-plane action) and by the timber
ceilings connecting into the wall. These are continuous over the wall length and are therefore adequate by
inspection to restrain the wall.

3.4 Timber wall

The wall is only supporting itself, but as it is creating inter-tenancy walls there is potential for a variance in
wind loading.

Maximum span of each stud = 3.6m

Wind loading at ULS = 1.4 x 0.15 kPa x 0.4m
= 0.084 kN/m

Maximum moment per stud = 0.084 x 3.6^2/8

= 0.14 kNm

Bending moment capacity of 100 x 50, C16 = 0.045 x 0.095^2/6 x 5.3 MPa
= 0.36 kNm assuming it will not buckle due to plywood
< 0.14 (and very conservative check)
OK

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