Glossary (5G RAN3.1 - Draft A)

5G RAN
Glossary
Issue Draft A
Date 2020-01-15
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Glossary Contents
Contents
1 Glossary......................................................................................................................................1
Issue Draft A Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. ii

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1 Glossary
Numerics
2G 2nd Generation, second generation mobile telecommunications
3G 3rd Generation, third generation mobile telecommunications
4G 4th Generation, fourth generation mobile telecommunications
5G 5th Generation, fifth generation mobile telecommunications
3DES Triple Data Encryption Standard

A block cipher that helps the DES evolve into the AES. As it is
more secure than DES, 3DES was defined as a transitional
encryption standard by the National Institute of Standards and
Technology (NIST) in 1999. 3DES is a form of DES cipher
algorithm, which applies the 56-bit cipher algorithm three times
to each data block.
3GPP Third Generation Partnership Project

A project founded in 1998 by telecommunications standardization
organizations of multiple countries and regions, aiming to
expedite the development of open, globally accepted technical
specifications, including the WCDMA and TD-SCDMA
specifications. 3GPP provides their members with a stable
environment to resolve conflicts, develop rules, and produce
specifications.
5GC 5G Core Network
5G NSA 5G non-standalone
A deployment configuration of 5G. 5G RAN cannot directly
connect to the core network. It is connected to the core network
through the LTE control plane. User-plane data is transferred to
the 4G and 5G networks through dual connectivity.
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5G SA 5G standalone
An end-to-end 5G network architecture. In SA networking, the
terminals, New Radio (NR), and core network all adopt 5G
standards. The purpose is to support 5G interfaces and provide 5G
functions and services.
5G RAN 5G radio access network
5QI 5G QoS Identifier
802.1X An access control and authentication protocol based on the client/

server mode. It can prevent unauthorized users/equipment from
accessing the LAN/WLAN through an access port. After a client
(STA) is associated with an access point (AP), the 802.1X
authentication result determines whether the STA can use the
wireless services provided by the AP. If the STA passes the
authentication, the STA can access the resources in the WLAN. If
the STA fails to pass the authentication, the STA cannot access
resources in the WLAN.
A3 algorithm A3
AAA Authentication, Authorization and Accounting

A mechanism for configuring authentication, authorization, and
accounting security services. Authentication refers to the
verification of user identities and the related network services;
authorization refers to the granting of network services to users
according to authentication results; accounting refers to the
tracking of the consumption of network services by users.
AAS adaptive antenna system

An antenna system that uses multiple antennas to transmit and
receive signals. Using the digital signal processing technology, the
AAS traces and extracts the space information of the mobile
subscribers to generate spatial directional beam so that the
signals from the mobile subscribers can be used and the
interference signals can be removed or suppressed. When the
spatial positions of subscribers are different, their signals can be
sent through the same channel without incurring any interference,
thus improving the spectrum utilization of the system.
AAU active antenna unit
ABR adaptive bit rate

A media server provides media resources at multiple bit rates, and
a client plays videos at an appropriate bit rate based on
conditions such as the network status and player processing
capability and automatically switches to appropriate bit rates
when the conditions change. The streaming protocols that
support adaptive bit rates include Dynamic Adaptive Streaming
over HTTP (DASH), HTTP Live Streaming (HLS), and HTTP
Smooth Streaming (HSS).

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ACC automatic congestion control

An automatic flow control service that is initiated by the MSC
server when congestion occurs and the heavy traffic to a certain
office causes heavy load over the speech path. It is implemented
by adjacent MSC server.
ACK acknowledgement
A response sent by a receiver to indicate reception of information.
Acknowledgements may be implemented at any level, including
the physical level (using voltage on one or more wires to
coordinate a transfer), link level (indicating transmission across a
single hardware link), or higher levels.
ACL Access Control List

A list of entities, together with their access rights, which are
authorized to access a resource.
ACL rule A rule for controlling user access rights.
ACL group A group for ACL rules. One ACL group needs to be set up before
the ACL rules are configured. The ACL group is mainly used to
determine the type of the ACL rule, the match sequence, and the
step length.
ACLR adjacent channel leakage power ratio
AES Advanced Encryption Standard

A symmetric grouped password algorithm and one of the most
popular symmetric key encryption algorithms released by the U.S.
National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) on
November 26, 2001. It supersedes the DES. AES adopts a
symmetric-key algorithm for both encrypting and decrypting the
data, where the block size is 128 bits and the key size is 128 bits,
192 bits, or 256 bits.
AISG Antenna Interface Standards Group
ALD antenna line device
AMBR aggregate maximum bit rate

A QoS attribute defined by 3GPP. AMBR indicates the maximum
allowed number of bits transmitted on a group of non-GBR
bearers.
AMC adaptive modulation and coding
AMF access and mobility management function

A core network function of the 5GC and is logically
interconnected with the gNodeB through the NG interface.
AMR adaptive multi-rate

A type of algorithm that is based on the adaptive rate and adopts
Algebraic Code Excitation Linear Prediction (ACELP). Generally, it
refers to a codec type.

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AN access network
ANR automatic neighbor relation
ARP allocation and retention priority

A QoS attribute which is applied to both GBR and Non-GBR
bearers. The primary purpose of ARP is to decide whether a
bearer establishment or modification request can be accepted or
needs to be rejected due to resource limitations.
ARP Address Resolution Protocol

An Internet Protocol used to map IP addresses to MAC addresses.
The ARP protocol enables hosts and routers to determine link
layer addresses through ARP requests and responses.
ARP attack A form of attack in which the attacker makes hosts on a LAN
unable to access the Internet by forging data to refresh the
dynamic ARP table through the vulnerability of ARP. Alternatively,
the attacker causes network breakdown or data disclosure by
spoofing to steal sensitive information.
AS access stratum
A functional layer in the NR radio system.
ATR adaptive time recovery
A Interface The interface between the BSC and the MSC. It supports the
signaling channels and traffic channels of 64 kbit/s.
B2H business to home
BBC battery backup cabinet

A component of a base station that contains a built-in battery
group to back up –48 V DC power and to supply power to the
base station when there is no power input.
BBP baseband processing unit

A unit that includes three main components, namely, baseband
unit, TRX unit, and control unit. The baseband unit is used for
adaptation of the voice and data rate and channel coding. The
baseband unit consists of the processor and communication unit.
BBU baseband unit

A module of the distributed base station. It provides baseband
processing for signals (such as channel coding/decoding,
modulation/demodulation), provides transmission management
and interface, manages radio resources, and provides clock
signals.
BC boundary clock
A clock with a clock port for each of two or more distinct point-
to-point (PTP) communication paths.

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BCCH broadcast control channel
BER bit error rate
BFD Bidirectional Forwarding Detection

A fast and independent hello protocol that delivers millisecond-
level link failure detection and provides carrier-class availability.
After sessions are established between neighboring systems, the
systems can periodically send BFD packets to each other. If one
system fails to receive a BFD packet within the negotiated period,
the system regards that the bidirectional link fails and instructs
the upper layer protocol to take actions to recover the faulty link.
BLER block error rate

An important index for measuring communication quality. In the
digital communication system, BLER refers to the ratio of blocks
with data transmission faults to the total number of blocks
transmitted within a specified time period. The lower the rate, the
better the communication quality.
BSC base station controller

The logical entity that connects the BTS with the MSC in a GSM/
CDMA network. It interworks with the BTS through the Abis
interface, and the MSC through the A interface. It provides the
following functions: radio resource management, base station
management, power control, handover control, and traffic
measurement. One BSC controls and manages one or more BTSs
in an actual network.
BSR buffer status report
BSS base station subsystem
BSSGP Base Station Subsystem GPRS Protocol
BTS base transceiver station
BVC BSSGP virtual connection

An end-to-end virtual communication path between remote
Network Service user entities.
BWP bandwidth part
CA carrier aggregation
A function that allows aggregation of multiple contiguous or non-
contiguous CCs to expand bandwidth to meet the 3GPP
requirement and increase users' peak rates in uplink and
downlink.

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CB configuration baseline
A baseline of a configuration that has been formally agreed and is
managed through the Change Management process. It is used as
a basis for future Builds, Releases and Changes.
CC component carrier
The carriers that are aggregated for a CA UE.
CCCH common control channel

A point-to-multipoint bidirectional control channel. A CCCH is
primarily intended to carry signaling information necessary for
access management functions.
CCE control channel element
CCH common transport channel
CCU cabinet control unit
CD collision detection
CDM code division multiplexing
CDMA code division multiple access

A communication scheme that uses frequency expansion
technology to form different code sequences. When the CDMA
scheme is used, subscribers with different addresses can use
different code sequences for multi-address connection.
CE channel element
CGI cell global identifier
CGPS CPRI Global Positioning System
CHR call history record

A system used for identifying faults in an efficient way. The CHR
can record the faults occurred in the calls of each user and save
the faults to the server. You can query the call history records of a
specific user on a CHR client to quickly locate the faults if
necessary.
CMAS commercial mobile alert system
CMUA central monitoring unit type A

A unit that automatically adjusts the temperature in the cabinet
based on temperature control mode and monitors Boolean values.
CoMP coordinated multipoint transmission/reception
CP cyclic prefix
The prefix of an OFDM symbol with a repetition of the end. There
are two types of CPs: normal cyclic prefix and extended cyclic
prefix.

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CPE customer-premises equipment

Any terminal and associated equipment located at a subscriber's
premises and connected with a carrier's telecommunication
channel at the demarcation point ("demarc"). The demarc is a
point established in a building or complex to separate customer
equipment from the equipment located in either the distribution
infrastructure or central office of the communications service
provider. CPE generally refers to devices such as telephones,
routers, network switches, residential gateways (RG), set-top
boxes, fixed mobile convergence products, home networking
adapters and Internet access gateways that enable consumers to
access communications service providers' services and distribute
them around their house via a local area network (LAN).
CPRI common public radio interface

A common standard of the key internal interface between the
Radio Equipment Control (REC) and the radio equipment (RE) of
the wireless base station. This standard was established by
Huawei, Ericsson, NEC, Siemens, and Nortel in June 2003. It aims
at standardizing the baseband and RF interface. The CPRI has a
set of mature standards, which advance the standard and
equipment. The major feature of the CPRI is that baseband is
separated from RF to reduce the cost of engineering, equipment
room, and equipment.
CPU central processing unit

The computational and control unit of a computer. The CPU is the
device that interprets and executes instructions. The CPU has the
ability to fetch, decode, and execute instructions and to transfer
information to and from other resources over the computer's
main data-transfer path, the bus.
CQI channel quality indicator
CRC cyclic redundancy check

A procedure used to check for errors in data transmission. In CRC,
a number is generated with complicated calculation according to
the transmitted data. The calculation is performed by the
transmitter before the data is transmitted. The result is sent to the
receiver once available. The receiving device repeats the same
calculation after reception. If both devices obtain the same result,
it is assumed that the transmission was error free. The procedure
is known as a redundancy check because each transmission
includes not only data but extra (redundant) error-checking
values.
CRL certificate revocation list

A time-stamped list of certificates that have been revoked by the
Certification Authority (CA). The CRL is signed by the issuing CA
and is made available to entities that need to rely on a certificate
for authentication.

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C-RNTI cell radio network temporary identifier
CRS cell-specific reference signal
CS circuit service
CSI channel state information
CSI-RS channel state information-reference signal
CSMA/CD carrier sense multiple access with collision detection

A network access method in which devices that are ready to
transmit data first sense the channel for a carrier. Devices detect
collisions while transmitting data. If devices transmit data at the
same time and a collision occurs, devices wait a random amount
of time before attempting to retransmit data.
DC dual connectivity
DC dual carrier
DC direct current
Electrical current whose direction of flow does not reverse. The
current may be terminated and the amplitude may change but
the direction never changes.
DCCH dedicated control channel
DCI downlink control information
DDoS Distributed Denial of Service attack

attack An attack in which a multitude of compromised systems attack a
single target, thereby causing denial of service for users of the
target system. The flood of incoming messages to the target
system occupies its resources, thereby denying services to other
users.
DES Data Encryption Standard

A specification for encryption of computer data developed by IBM
and adopted by the U.S. government as a standard in 1977. DES
uses a 56-bit key.
DiffServ differentiated services

An IETF standard that defines a mechanism for controlling and
forwarding traffic in a differentiated manner based on CoS
settings to handle network congestion.
DMRS demodulation reference signal

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DNS domain name server

A functional entity in the TCP/IP network. With deployment of the
DNS, subscribers can access related servers using corresponding
domain names. In the TCP/IP network, a domain name maps an
IP address. Domain names are easier to remember but servers in
the network communicate with each other using IP addresses.
Therefore the DNS is used to convert domain names to
corresponding IP addresses.
DRB data radio bearer
DRX discontinuous reception
DSCP differentiated services code point

According to the QoS classification standard of the Differentiated
Service (Diff-Serv), the ToS field in the IP header consists of six
most significant bits and two currently unused bits, which are
used to form codes for priority marking. Differentiated services
code point (DSCP) is the six most important bits in the ToS. It is
the combination of IP precedence and types of service. The DSCP
value is used to ensure that routers supporting only IP precedence
can be used because the DSCP value is compatible with IP
precedence. Each DSCP maps a per-hop behavior (PHB).
Therefore, terminal devices can identify traffic using the DSCP
value.
DTCH dedicated traffic channel
DTX discontinuous transmission
eCPRI Enhanced CPRI
EDGE Enhanced Data rates for Global Evolution
EFM OAM Ethernet in the first mile OAM
eMBB Enhanced Mobile BroadBand
EMS element management system

ITU-T compliant software used to manage one or more specific
types of network element (NE). An EMS enables a user to
individually manage all the features of each NE, but not the
communication between NEs. This communication is managed by
the network management system (NMS).
eMTC enhanced Machine Type Communication

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EMU environment monitoring unit

A type of power and environment monitoring unit. EMU is used to
monitor the environment variables, such as the power supply and
temperature. With external signal input through the relay, fire
alarm, smoke alarm, burglary alarm, and others can be monitored
as well. With the display on NMS system, the change of
environment can be monitored timely and accurately.
EMUA environment monitoring unit type A

An optional unit that monitors the environment variables and dry
contact alarms in the cabinet.
EN-DC E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity

In EN-DC, the eNodeB serves as the MN and connects to the EPC,
and the gNodeB acts as the SN and connects to the eNodeB over
an X2 interface.
eNodeB E-UTRAN NodeB
EPC evolved packet core

A framework for an evolution or migration of the 3GPP system to
a higher-data-rate, lower-latency, packet-optimized system that
supports multiple radio access technologies (RATs).
EPS evolved packet system
E-RAB E-UTRAN radio access bearer
ESN equipment serial number

A string of characters that uniquely identify a piece of equipment.
ETWS earthquake and tsunami warning system
E-UTRAN evolved universal terrestrial radio access network

A new radio access architecture defined in 3GPP R8. It features
high transmission rate, low latency, and optimized data packets.
The E-UTRAN contains several eNodeBs and provides the E-UTRA
user plane (PHY/MAC) and control plane (RRC) protocols that are
terminated at the UE. For details about E-UTRAN, see 3GPP TS
36.101.
EVM error vector magnitude

A measure that equals the square root of the ratio of the error
vector average power to the average power of the reference
signal.
eX2 enhanced X2 interface

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FDD frequency division duplex

An application in which channels are divided by frequency. In an
FDD system, the uplink and downlink use different frequencies.
Downlink data is sent through bursts. Both uplink and downlink
transmission use frames with fixed time length.
FDDI fiber distributed data interface

A standard developed by the American National Standards
Institute (ANSI) for high-speed fiber-optic LANs. FDDI provides
specifications for transmission rates of 100 megabits per second
on token ring networks. FDDI II is an extension of the FDDI
standard. It adds the specifications for real-time analog data
transmission in digital form.
FDM frequency division multiplexing

The method of transmitting multiple, independent signals across a
single medium by assigning each signal a unique carrier
frequency. The hardware used to combine signals is called a
multiplexer and the hardware used to separate them is called a
demultiplexer.
FEC forward error correction

A technology used for controlling transmission errors in a
unidirectional communication system, in which extra information
is sent together with data to rectify errors and reduce the bit error
rate (BER).
FFT fast Fourier transform
FTP File Transfer Protocol

A member of the TCP/IP suite of protocols. FTP is used to copy
files between two computers on the Internet. Both computers
must support their respective FTP roles: one must be an FTP client
and the other an FTP server.
FTPS File Transfer Protocol server

A file server that uses the File Transfer Protocol (FTP) to permit
users to upload or download files through the Internet or any
other TCP/IP network.
Gb Gb interface. The interface that is provided by the BSC to enable

the communication between the BSC and the SGSN when the
built-in PCU is used.

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GBR guaranteed bit rate

The system uses multiple methods, including resource reservation,
to ensure smooth data transmission when the bit rate does not
exceed the GBR. If the bit rate exceeds the GBR, the excess traffic
is discarded when congestion occurs and when no congestion
occurs, excess traffic can be transmitted if the bit rate is greater
than the GBR but less than the maximum bit rate (MBR). A bearer
with GBR resources is called a GBR bearer. Other bearers are
called non-GBR bearers. For details about GBR, see 3GPP TS
23.246.
GE Gigabit Ethernet
GFBR guaranteed flow bit rate
GLONASS Global Navigation Satellite System

A system based on a constellation of active satellites which
continuously transmit coded signals that can be received by users
anywhere on the earth in two frequency bands.
gNodeB Functional entity of the 5G base station protocol. The base station
in CDMA is NodeB, in LTE is eNodeB, and in NR is gNodeB.
GP guard period
A protection time interval that is unique to the TDD system. The
GP is mainly used for protection during the conversion from the
downlink to the uplink when there is a bidirectional transmission
RTD between the base station and the UE.
GPRS general packet radio service

A packet oriented mobile data service defined by 3GPP and used
to connect mobile cellular users to the Public Data Network
(PDN). Within the GSM network, it shares the network databases
and radio access network and employs functions known as the
packet control unit (PCU), SGSN, and gateway GPRS support node
(GGSN) to provide packet switching data services across the fixed
and radio network.
GPS Global Positioning System

A global navigation satellite system that provides reliable
positioning, navigation, and timing services to users worldwide.
GSM global system for mobile communications

A mobile communications technology standard defined by the
European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI). It is the
second-generation mobile networking standard, aiming at
designing a standard for global mobile phone networks. GSM
consists of three main parts: mobile switching subsystem (MSS),
base station subsystem (BSS), and mobile station (MS).

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GTAM GSM antenna and TMA control module

A module that controls the remote electrical tilt antenna (RET
antenna) and feeds current to the tower-mounted amplifier
(TMA).
GTP GPRS Tunneling Protocol
GTP-C GPRS Tunneling Protocol-Control Plane
GTP-U GPRS Tunneling Protocol-User Plane
GTS generic traffic shaping

A traffic control measure that proactively adjusts the output
speed of the traffic. This is to adapt the traffic to network
resources that can be provided by the downstream router to avoid
packet discarding and congestion.
GUAMI globally unique AMF identifier
GUTI globally unique temporary identity

A globally unique identity that is temporarily allocated to the UE
by the MME to protect the permanent international mobile
subscriber identity (IMSI) of the UE. The GUTI consists of two
parts: GUMMEI and M-TMSI. The GUMMEI is used to identify the
MME that allocates the GUTI, and the M-TMSI is used to identify
the UE under the MME. After the UE accesses the network, a
TMSI is assigned to the UE according to the IMSI and the TMIS
remains unchanged for a period of time. If the UE is connected to
the network, the S-TMIS information can be queried from the S1
or Uu interface. In this case, GUTI can be calculated by using the
following formula: GUTI = MCC + MNC + MME GROUP ID + MME
Code + M-TMSI. Then the IMSI can be queried on the USN.
HARQ hybrid automatic repeat request

A combination of Forward Error Correction (FEC) and ARQ that
makes up the defects of forward error correction coding and
automatic retransmission request. HARQ is an ARQ system that
contains an FEC subsystem. When the FEC can correct the errors,
the ARQ is not used. When the FEC cannot correct the errors, the
ARQ request the retransmission of error codes through the ARQ
feedback channel. Only the physical layer of OFDMA supports the
HARQ mechanism. The HARQ has the advantages of both
forward error correction coding and automatic retransmission
request, improving the reliability of data transmission and system
throughput.
HEUA heat exchange unit type A

A unit that monitors fans and reports related alarms.

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HSDPA High Speed Downlink Packet Access

A modulating-demodulating algorithm put forward in 3GPP R5 to
meet the requirement for asymmetric uplink and downlink
transmission of data services. It enables the maximum downlink
data service rate to reach 14.4 Mbit/s without changing the
WCDMA network topology.
HSPA High Speed Packet Access
HSUPA High Speed Uplink Packet Access

A data access protocol for mobile phone networks with extremely
high upload speeds up to 5.76 Mbit/s.
HTTP Hypertext Transfer Protocol
HTTPS Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure

An HTTP protocol that runs on top of transport layer security
(TLS) and Secure Sockets Layer (SSL). It is used to establish a
reliable channel for encrypted communication and secure
identification of a network web server.
IBLER initial block error rate
ICIC inter-cell interference coordination
ICMP Internet Control Message Protocol

A network layer protocol that provides message control and error
reporting between a host server and an Internet gateway.
ICP IMA Control Protocol
ICR indoor centralized rack

A component of a base station that is used for solutions to indoor
distributed base stations. The BBU and RRU in centralized mode
can be installed on it.
IE Internet Explorer
IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

A professional association of electrical and electronics engineers
based in the United States, but with membership from numerous
other countries. The IEEE is dedicated to electrical, electronics,
communications, computer engineering, and science-related
fields.
IETF Internet Engineering Task Force
IGMP Internet Group Management Protocol

A TCP/IP protocol for managing the membership of Internet
Protocol multicast groups. It is used by IP hosts and adjacent
multicast routers to establish and maintain multicast group
memberships.

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IMB indoor mini box

A component of a base station. It is an indoor small subrack that
supports external AC or DC input, and houses and protects the
BBU.
IMSI international mobile subscriber identity

A unique number associated with mobile phone users in the
wireless network. It is stored in the SIM inside the phone and is
sent by the phone to the network. It is also used for acquiring
other details of the mobile in the Home Location Register (HLR)
or as locally copied in the Visitor Location Register (VLR). To
prevent eavesdroppers identifying and tracking the subscriber on
the radio interface, the IMSI is sent as rarely as possible and a
randomly-generated TMSI is sent instead.
IN intelligent network
A network that is not passive. It contains built-in diagnostics,
management, fault tolerance and other capabilities that keep it
running smoothly. Developed based on the existing telephone
network, the IN refers to the intelligent PSTN or ISDN. The
intelligence is configured on the computers at multiple service
control nodes across the network and the intelligent control is
realized through software to provide flexible intelligent control
functions.
IP Internet Protocol
A TCP/IP protocol that governs the breakup of data messages into
packets, the routing of the packets from sender to destination
network and station, and the reassembly of the packets into the
original data messages at the destination. IP runs at the
internetwork layer in the TCP/IP model which is equivalent to the
network layer in the ISO/OSI reference model.
IPHC IP Header Compression

A host-to-host protocol that is used on the IP network to
compress such real-time multimedia services as voice and video.
To reduce the consumption of valid bandwidth, IPHC can be used
on links to compress TCP/IP and IP/UDT/RTP packet headers.
IPPM IP performance metrics
IP PM IP performance monitoring
IP RAN IP radio access network

A network that uses IP technology to achieve data backhaul on a
radio access network.
IPTV Internet Protocol television

A system that provides TV services over the IP network. With the
set-top box (STB) and TV, IPTV integrates Internet, multimedia,
and communications technologies to provide subscribers with
various interactive multimedia services including digital television.

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IPv4 Internet Protocol version 4

The current version of the Internet Protocol (IP). It is an IP address
mode and uses 32 bytes for a host address and the addresses are
categorized into A, B, C, D, and E classes. The address is a 32-bit
code and is written as four octets separated by periods. Each IPv4
address consists of a network number, an optional subnetwork
number, and a host number. The network and subnetwork
numbers together are used for routing, and the host number is
used to address an individual host within the network or
subnetwork.
IPv6 Internet Protocol version 6

An update version of IPv4, which is designed by the Internet
Engineering Task Force (IETF). It is also called IP Next Generation
(IPng). The most prominent difference between IPv6 and IPv4 is
that an IPv4 address has 32 bits while an IPv6 address has 128
bits.
IP address A 32-bit (4-byte) binary number that uniquely identifies a host

connected to the Internet that uses the Internet Protocol for
communication, which enables transmitting data in form of
packet. An IP address is expressed in dotted decimal notation,
consisting of the decimal values of its four bytes, separated with
periods; for example, 127.0.0.1. The first three bytes of the IP
address identify the network to which the host is connected, and
the last byte identifies the host itself.
ISP Internet service provider

A company or organization that offers users access to the Internet
and related services.
ISUP integrated services digital network user part

A key protocol in the SS7/C7 signaling system. It defines the
protocol and procedures used to set up, manage, and release
trunk circuits that carry voice and data calls over the public
switched telephone network (PSTN) between different switches.
ISUP is used for both ISDN and non-ISDN calls.
IT information technology
A general term for the technologies used to manage and process
information. IT is mainly integrated with computer science and
communications technologies to design, develop, install, and
implement information systems and software applications.
ITU International Telecommunication Union

A United Nations agency, one of the most important and
influential recommendation bodies, responsible for recommending
standards for telecommunication (ITU-T) and radio networks
(ITU-R).
ITU-T International Telecommunication Union-Telecommunication

Standardization Sector

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KPI key performance indicator
LACP Link Aggregation Control Protocol

A dynamic link aggregation protocol that improves the
transmission speed and reliability. The two ends of the link send
LACP packets to inform each other of their parameters and form
a logical aggregation link. After the aggregation link is formed,
LACP maintains the link status in real time and dynamically
adjusts the ports on the aggregation link upon detecting the
failure of a physical port.
LAI location area identity

An identifier that uniquely identifies a Location Area (LA) within
any Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN). It is composed of the
Mobile Country Code (MCC), Mobile Network Code (MNC) and
the Location Area Code (LAC).
LAN local area network

A network formed by the computers and workstations within the
coverage of a few square kilometers or within a single building,
featuring high speed and low error rate. Ethernet, FDDI, and
Token Ring are three main technologies used to implement a
LAN. Current LANs are generally based on switched Ethernet or
Wi-Fi technology and run at 1000 Mbit/s (that is, 1 Gbit/s).
LAPD link access procedure on the D channel
LCK locked signal function

A function administratively locks a maintenance entity group end
point (MEP) at the server layer, informs consequential data traffic
interruption to the peer MEP at the client layer, and suppresses
the alarm at the client layer.
LDAP Lightweight Directory Access Protocol

A network protocol based on TCP/IP, which allows access to a
directory system agent (DSA). It involves some reduced
functionality from X.500 Directory Access Protocol (DAP)
specifications.
LLC logical link control

The upper sublayer of the OSI data link layer according to the
IEEE 802 family of standards. The LLC is the same for the various
physical media (such as Ethernet, token ring, and WLAN).
LLDP Link Layer Discovery Protocol

The Layer 2 discovery protocol in IEEE 802.1ab. The LLDP
technique allows the network management system (NMS) to
quickly obtain Layer 2 network topologies and topology changes
when the network expands at a high speed.

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LM log management
A measure that is used to find illegal operations and fault reasons
by querying and monitoring logs, and to protect network security
by taking appropriate measures.
LMT local maintenance terminal
LOS loss of signal

A situation where no transitions occur in the received signal.
LSN license serial number

A unique number that identifies a license file.
LSP location service platform
LTE Long Term Evolution

A standard for transition from High Speed Downlink Packet
Access (HSDPA) to 4G. It was also known as 3.9G. On December
6, 2010, the International Telecommunication Union (ITU)
formally defined Long Term Evolution (LTE) technology as 4G. It is
based on the GSM/EDGE and UMTS/HSPA network technologies,
increasing the capacity and speed using a different radio interface
together with core network improvements. The standard is
developed by the 3GPP and is specified in its Release 8 document
series, with minor enhancements described in Release 9.
M2UA MTP2-User Adaptation Layer

A protocol used for signaling transmission between the signaling
gateway (SG) and the media gateway controller (MGC). In SS7
networks, a signaling point (SP) accesses the MGC through the
SG. M2UA operates over the SCTP and is the SCTP user. An SG
provides a Nodal Interworking Function (NIF) module to achieve
interworking between Message Transfer Part Layer 2 (MTP2) and
M2UA by using primitives. On the MGC side, the upper-layer user
of M2UA is MTP3.
M3UA MTP3-User Adaptation Layer

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MAC Media Access Control

A protocol at the media access control sublayer. The protocol is at
the lower part of the data link layer in the OSI model and is
mainly responsible for controlling and connecting the physical
media at the physical layer. When transmitting data, the MAC
protocol checks whether to be able to transmit data. If the data
can be transmitted, certain control information is added to the
data, and then the data and the control information are
transmitted in a specified format to the physical layer. When
receiving data, the MAC protocol checks whether the information
is correct and whether the data is transmitted correctly. If the
information is correct and the data is transmitted correctly, the
control information is removed from the data and then the data is
transmitted to the LLC layer.
MAE MBB Automation Engine A 5G oriented product that serves as the

engine of wireless automation. MAE provides all-scenario-based
apps for wireless network deployment, maintenance and
optimization, and service provisioning. MAE effectively reduces
the OPEX, optimizes service experience and operation efficiency,
accelerates the all-scenario automation of operators' work, and
helps operators implement network automation.
MANO management and orchestration
MBB mobile broadband
MBR maximum bit rate
MCC mobile country code

A unique 3-digit number to identify a country.
MCE MAC control element
MCG master cell group
MCS modulation and coding scheme

gNodeB uses different MCSs to ensure transmission efficiency and
the quality of UE services. If the channel quality is good, a
gNodeB selects an MCS with a high-order modulation scheme
combined with a high code rate. If the channel quality is poor, the
gNodeB selects one with a low-order modulation scheme and a
low code rate (the code rate is higher if fewer redundant bits are
inserted).
MD5 message digest algorithm 5

A hash function that is used in a variety of security applications to
check message integrity. MD5 processes a variable-length
message into a fixed-length output of 128 bits. It breaks up an
input message into 512-bit blocks (sixteen 32-bit little-endian
integers). After a series of processing, the output consists of four
32-bit words, which are then cascaded into a 128-bit hash
number.

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MeNB master eNodeB

The eNodeB that serves the cell on which the DC UE camps
MGW media gateway

A logical entity that converts the format of the media of a
network to meet the format requirement of another network. It
can process audio services, video services and data services, and
convert the media format in full duplex mode. It can also play
certain audio and video signals and provide the interactive voice-
response (IVR) function and media conference.
MIB master information block

The master block in the system information, which is scheduled in
static mode.
MIMO multiple-input multiple-output

A technology used in wireless communications, in which multiple
antennas are used at each end of the transmission link. The
antennas for transmitting signals at each end of the transmission
link are combined so that the signal error is minimized and data
transmission rate is maximized.
MIN mobile identification number
MLPPP Multi-Link Point-to-Point Protocol
MM mobility management
A basic function used to ensure uninterrupted services for UEs
while on the move in mobile networks.
MME mobility management entity
MML man-machine language
MML Command using man-machine language, which is a main mode

command for operation and maintenance on NEs. The EMS can operate NEs
by issuing MML commands.
mMTC Massive Machine Type Communication
mmWave millimeter wave

The band of electromagnetic spectrum between 30 GHz and 300
GHz with the wavelengths ranging from 1 millimeter (0.04
inches) to 10 millimeters (0.4 inches). Millimeter waves are longer
than infrared waves but shorter than microwaves. Therefore, they
have the characteristics of both of the spectrums.
MNC mobile network code
MOC mobile originated call

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MPLS Multiprotocol Label Switching

A technology that uses short tags of fixed length to encapsulate
packets in different link layers, and provides connection-oriented
switching for the network layer on the basis of IP routing and
control protocols.
MPT main processing and transmission unit
MSC Meter, Sensor, and Controller in IoT
MTP Message Transfer Part

A part of the SS7 protocol stack that provides reliable routing
usually within a network.
MTP3 Message Transfer Part Layer 3

Part of the SS7. MTP3 is used for communication in the public
switched telephone network (PSTN). It is responsible for
transmitting signaling to the specified end through the SS7
network.
MTU maximum transmission unit

Maximum size of a data packet that can be transmitted on the
network. The largest packet of data that can be transmitted on a
network. MTU size varies, depending on the network. It is 576
bytes on X.25 networks, 1500 bytes on Ethernet, and 17914 bytes
on 16 Mbit/s token ring. The MTU size is determined by the data
link layer of the network. When packets are transmitted across
networks, the path MTU, or PMTU, represents the smallest packet
size (the one that all networks can transmit without breaking up
the packet) among the networks involved.
NACK negative acknowledgement

The notification sent by a network device to another network
device. It indicates that the network device fails to understand the
message or implement a request operation.
NAS non-access stratum

A functional layer running between the UE and the core network.
The NAS supports transmission of services and signaling messages
between the core network and the UE.

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NAT network address translation

A type of network connection in hosted networking that enables
you to connect your virtual machines to an external network
when you have only one IP network address and the host
computer uses that address. The VMware NAT device passes
network data between one or more virtual machines and the
external network. It identifies incoming data packets intended for
each virtual machine and sends them to the correct destination.
See also bridged networking, vCenter Converter Boot CD
(VMware vCenter Converter Boot CD), custom networking, host-
only networking.
NBAP NodeB application part
NB-IoT Narrowband Internet of Things
NCL neighboring cell list

A list contains information about external cells, which are served
by surrounding base stations. An NCL records the E-UTRAN cell
global identifiers (ECGIs), PCIs, and frequencies of external cells.
NCP Network Control Protocol
NGAP NG Application Protocol
NGC Next Generation Core
NG-CP next generation control plane
NG-RAN NG Radio Access Network
NE network element
An entity that contains hardware and software. An NE has at least
one main control board that manages and monitors the entire
network element. The NE software runs on the main control
board.
NML network management layer

A logical layer that monitors and controls network devices within
the management area in the layered management architecture of
the telecom NMS.
NMS network management system

A system in charge of the operation, administration, and
maintenance of a network.
NNSF non access stratum node selection function
Non-GBR non-guaranteed bit rate
NR New Radio
NRT neighboring relation table

A table that contains the information about the neighboring
relations between a cell and its neighboring cells.

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NSE network service entity
NSSAI Network Slice Selection Assistance Information
NSVC network service virtual connection
NTP Network Time Protocol

An application-layer protocol which uses IP and UDP to
synchronize the time between the distributed time server and the
client. NTP is evolved from Time Protocol and ICMP Timestamp
Message and features high protocol accuracy and good health.
NUL normal uplink
OAM Operation, Administration and Maintenance

A set of network management functions that cover fault
detection, notification, location, and repair.
OC ordinary clock
A Precision Time Protocol clock (PTP clock) with a single PTP port.
OC-3 optical carrier level 3
OFDMA orthogonal frequency division multiple access

A technology that uses the OFDM to divide users. Because data
on different subcarriers is transmitted in parallel, OFDMA is a
frequency-division multiplexing access mode. In OFDMA, users
share fast Fourier transformation space on uplink links. The base
station allocates subcarriers to users. In this way, it can allocate
different rates to different users.
OFDM orthogonal frequency division multiplexing

A type of multi-carrier modulation (MCM). In this multiplexing
mode, a channel is divided into multiple orthogonal subchannels.
High-speed data signals are converted into parallel low-speed
subdata streams and are modulated for transmission on the
subchannels. Orthogonal signals can be separated at the receiver,
reducing the interference between subchannels. The signal
bandwidth on each subchannel is smaller than the related
bandwidth of the channel; therefore, each subchannel can be
regarded as flat fading, canceling the interference between
symbols. In addition, the bandwidth of each subchannel is only a
small part of the original channel bandwidth, and therefore
equalization becomes easier.
O&M operations and maintenance

The act of monitoring and managing the equipment in the
communication network.

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OMB outdoor mini box

A component of a base station. It is an outdoor small subrack that
supports external AC or DC input, and houses and protects the
BBU.
OMC operation and maintenance center

An element within a network management system responsible for
the operations and maintenance of a specific element or group of
elements. For example, the OMC-radio is responsible for the
management on wireless subsystems and OMC-switch is
responsible for the management on switching NEs. However,
these will in turn be under the control of a Network Management
Centre (NMC) which controls the entire network.
OMU operation and maintenance unit

A logical concept. In the OM subsystem, it works as a bridge
between the Local Maintenance Terminal (LMT) and the Front
Administration Module (FAM). OMU is the user operation
graphical user interface (GUI) provided by the CIE system, on
which the hardware and software are centrally managed. The
OMU provides the device management, software deployment,
data configuration, device monitoring, alarm, and log collection
functions.
OOK on-off-keying
OPEX operating expense

An operating expense, operating expenditure, operational
expense, operational expenditure or OPEX is an ongoing cost for
running a product, business, or system.
OSS operations support system
OTN optical transport network
PAMC perceptively adaptive modulation and coding scheme

The uplink PAMC function is based on basic MCS selection. It adds
cell SINR adjustment calculation for newly admitted UEs to obtain
a more accurate initial SINR adjustment value. In addition, this
function adds the UE SINR prediction process.
PBCH physical broadcast channel
PCC primary component carrier

The carrier of the PCell.
PCell primary cell

A cell on which a CA UE camps. In the PCell, the CA UE works in
the same way as it does in a 3GPP Release 8 or Release 9 cell. The
PUCCH of the UE exists only in the PCell.
PCI physical cell identifier

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PCM pulse code modulation

A method of encoding information in a signal by changing the
amplitude of pulses. Unlike pulse amplitude modulation (PAM), in
which pulse amplitude can change continuously, pulse code
modulation limits pulse amplitudes to several predefined values.
Because the signal is discrete, or digital, rather than analog, pulse
code modulation is more immune to noise than PAM.
PDCCH physical downlink control channel
PDCH packet data channel

A general term used in GPRS to represent a timeslot given over to
the control of GPRS rather than conventional GSM circuit
switching. As such, it may carry either signaling or user data
GPRS.
PDCP Packet Data Convergence Protocol

A protocol that is used to format the data into a suitable structure
prior to transfer over the air interface, such as IP data flow.
PDP Packet Data Protocol

A network protocol used by packet switching external networks to
communicate with GPRS networks.
PDSCH physical downlink shared channel
PDU packet data unit
PF paging frame
PHB per-hop behavior

The forwarding behaviors of network nodes which are defined by
the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) DiffServ working group.
PHBs include traffic scheduling and policing. Devices on the
network select PHBs based on the DSCP value. Each type of PHB
has a corresponding group of DSCPs. At present, IETF has defined
four types of PHB: class selector (CS), expedited forwarding (EF),
assured forwarding (AF), and best-effort (BE).
PHR power headroom report
PING Packet Internet Groper
Ping A method used to test whether a device in the IP network is

reachable according to the sent ICMP Echo messages and received
response messages.
PKI public key infrastructure

A concept based on Public Key Cryptography. It provides the
system created and managed by the public key and supports the
efficient implementation of data encryption and key exchange.

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PLMN public land mobile network

A network established or operated by a mobile
telecommunications carrier in a country or a region. One or more
PLMNs can form a service area. A PLMN is identified by the
Mobile Network Code (MNC). For example, the MNC used by
China Mobile is 00, and the MNC used by China Unicom is 01.
PMI precoding matrix indication
PMTU path maximum transmission unit

A method of discovering the supported MTU on a specific path by
using ICMPv6 Datagram Too Big messages.
PMU power monitoring unit
PO paging occasion
PQ priority queuing
A queue scheduling algorithm based on the absolute priority.
According to the PQ algorithm, services of higher priorities are
ensured with greater bandwidth, lower latency, and less jitter.
Packets of lower priorities must wait to be sent till all packets of
higher priorities are sent. In this manner, services of higher
priorities are processed earlier than others.
PRACH physical random access channel
PRB physical resource block
PRC primary reference clock
PRTC primary reference time clock
PSS primary synchronization signal
PSU power supply unit

A unit that converts the external power input into the power
supply for internal use. Power supply units are classified into AC
power units and DC power units.
PUCCH physical uplink control channel
PUSCH physical uplink shared channel
PVC permanent virtual circuit

A permanent logical connection between two nodes on a packet-
switching network. The PVC appears as a dedicated line to the
nodes, but the data can be transmitted on a common carrier.
QAM Quadrature Amplitude Modulation
QCI QoS class identifier

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QoS quality of service

A commonly-used performance indicator of a telecommunication
system or channel. Depending on the specific system and service,
it may relate to jitter, delay, packet loss ratio, bit error ratio, and
signal-to-noise ratio. It functions to measure the quality of the
transmission system and the effectiveness of the services, as well
as the capability of a service provider to meet the demands of
users.
QPSK quadrature phase shift keying

A modulation method of data transmission through the
conversion or modulation and the phase determination of the
reference signals (carrier). It is also called the fourth period or 4-
phase PSK or 4-PSK. QPSK uses four dots in the star diagram. The
four dots are evenly distributed on a circle. On these phases, each
QPSK character can perform two-bit coding and display the codes
in Gray code on graph with the minimum BER.
RA random access
RAB radio access bearer
RACH random access channel
RADIUS Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service

A security service that authenticates and authorizes dial-up users
and is a centralized access control mechanism. As a distributed
server/client system, RADIUS provides the AAA function.
RADIUS An authentication mode in which the broadband remote access

authenticat server (BRAS) sends the user name and the password to the
ion RADIUS server by using the RADIUS protocol. The RADIUS server
authenticates the user, and then returns the result to the BRAS.
RAN radio access network

A network that provides the connection between UE and the core
network and separates the core network from the access network.
RANAP Radio Access Network Application Part
RAND random number

A number selected from a known set of numbers in such a way
that each number in the set has the same probability of
occurrence. This number is typically used in the authentication
and ciphering process.
RAT radio access technology
RB radio bearer
RB resource block
RBG resource block group

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RCU remote control unit

A driving motor of the phase shifter in a Remote Electrical Tilt
(RET) antenna.
RDI remote defect indication
RE resource element
REG resource element group
RFC remote feature control
RGPS remote global positioning system
RJ45 registered jack45
RLC Radio Link Control

A link-layer protocol that is responsible for error recovery and
flow control.
RM resource management
A resource management module oriented to Huawei complicated
applications, providing resources for applications and services
based on defined specifications, and applying for, allocating, and
releasing resources through the InterCloud.
RMSI Remaining Minimum System Information
RMU radio multiplex unit
RNC radio network controller

A device in a radio network subsystem that is in charge of
controlling the usage and integrity of radio resources.
RNSAP radio network subsystem application part
ROHC robust header compression

A packet header compression mechanism dedicated for radio
links, which adapts to the characteristics of radio links, such as
high BERs and long loopback time.
RRC radio resource control
RRU remote radio unit

A module of the distributed base station. It performs the
intermediate frequency processing (digital I/Q modulation/
demodulation, frequency up-/down-conversion, and DA/AD
conversion) of the signals, RF processing, and duplexing.
RS reference signal
RSL received signal level

The signal level at a receiver input terminal.
RSRP reference signal received power

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RSRQ reference signal received quality
RSSI received signal strength indicator

The received wide band power, including thermal noise and the
noise generated in the receiver, within the bandwidth defined by
the receiver pulse shaping filter, for TDD within a specified
timeslot. The RSSI indicates the signal strength, estimating the
distance between the receiver and transmitter according to the
measured RSSI values of the received signals and specifying the
location range of the target based on the estimated distance.
RT radio transmission control
RTT round-trip time

A total latency from sending data by a transmit end to receiving
an acknowledgment by the transmit end from a receive end (the
receive end immediately sends the acknowledgment after
receiving the data).
S1-U An interface between the eNodeB and the S-GW. The S1-U
interface interface is on the user plane, which is used to transmit data
packets.
SAAL Signaling ATM Adaptation Layer
SAE System Architecture Evolution
SAK secret access key

A string of characters used to verify the integrity of a user's
request. The access key and secret access key together form the
credential for a user to access the object-based storage service
system.
SAU signaling access unit

A unified narrowband signaling access platform that is based on
the Compact Peripheral Component Interconnect (CPCI) platform.
SCC secondary component carrier

The carrier of the SCell
SCCP Signaling Connection Control Part
SCell secondary cell

A cell that a base station configures for a CA UE to assist uplink
and downlink data transmission without RRC connection.
SCG secondary cell group

The subset of serving cells under the secondary eNodeB (SeNB).
SCG bearer secondary cell group bearer

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SCG split secondary cell group split bearer

bearer
SCH synchronization channel
SCN switched circuit network
SCS subcarrier spacing
SCTP Stream Control Transmission Protocol

A transport layer protocol used between the SCTP user application
and a connectionless packet network. In the SIGTRAN protocol
stack, the upper-layer user of SCTP is the adaptation module of
the SCN signaling, for example, M2UA and M3UA, and the lower
layer of SCTP is the IP network. The SCTP protocol delivers the
higher reliability, optimum real-time performance, and multi-
homing feature for signaling transmission.
SCTP dual- A networking of 3GPP Release 4 or later in which one MGW

homing belongs to two MSC servers.
SDAP Service Data Adaptation Protocol
SDH synchronous digital hierarchy

A transmission scheme that follows ITU-T G.707, G.708, and G.
709. SDH defines the transmission features of digital signals, such
as frame structure, multiplexing mode, transmission rate level,
and interface code. SDH is an important part of integrated
services digital network (ISDN) and broadband integrated services
digital network (B-ISDN).
SDMA space division multiple access
SFN system frame number
SFN single frequency network

A broadcast network where several transmitters simultaneously
send the same signal over the same frequency channel.
SFTP Secure File Transfer Protocol

A network protocol designed to provide secure file transfer over
SSH.
SgNB secondary gNodeB

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SGSN serving GPRS support node

A function entity introduced to provide packet switched services. It
forwards the input/output IP packet data for MSs within the SGSN
service area. It traces MS location and implements the security
and access control functions. In the UMTS network, the SGSN
connects to the RNC over the Iu-PS interface. During the
activation of the GPRS service, the SGSN is in charge of providing
related information for establishing mobility and confidentiality
with the MS. During the activation of the PDP information, the
SGSN is in charge of providing PDP information for establishing
routes with the gateway GPRS support node (GGSN).
S-GW serving gateway
SHA secure hash algorithm

A technique that computes a 160-bit condensed representation of
a message or data file, called a message digest. The SHA is used
by the sender and the receiver of a message in computing and
verifying a digital signature, for security purposes.
SIG service intelligence gateway
SIMO single-input multiple-output
SINR signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio
SISO single-input single-output
SMC security mode command
SMF session management function
SNR signal-to-noise ratio

The ratio of the amplitude of the desired signal to the amplitude
of noise signals at a given point in time. SNR is expressed as 10
times the logarithm of the power ratio and is usually expressed in
dB.
SNTP Simple Network Time Protocol

A protocol that is adapted from the NTP and synchronizes the
clocks of computers over the Internet.
SON self-organizing network
SR scheduling request
SRB signaling radio bearer

The RBs established in the RRC connection process that are
available for usage by RRC messages on the DCCH and CCCH.
SRS sounding reference signal
SRVCC single radio voice call continuity

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SS7 Signaling System No. 7

A protocol used in telecommunication for delivering calls and
services. SS7 typically employs a dedicated 64 kbit/s data circuit to
carry packetized machine language messages about each call
connected between and among machines of a network to achieve
connection control.
SSB static shared beam

Two beams on the vertical plane to serve two 4T4R cells at each
8T8R AAU.
SSB Synchronization Signal and PBCH block
SSH Secure Shell

A set of standard network protocols for establishing secure
channels between a local computer and a remote computer.
When a user remotely logs in to a device over an insecure
network, SSH ensures information security and provides
authentication to protect the network against attacks such as IP
address spoofing and plain-text password interception.
SSL Secure Sockets Layer

A security protocol that works at a socket layer. This layer exists
between the TCP layer and the application layer to encrypt or
decode data and authenticate concerned entities.
SSM Synchronization Status Message

A message that carries the quality levels of timing signals on a
synchronous timing link. SSM messages provide upstream clock
information to nodes on an SDH network or synchronization
network.
SSS secondary synchronization signal
STMA smart tower-mounted amplifier
STP signaling transfer point
sub-3 GHz Frequency bands below or equal to 3 GHz.
sub-6 GHz Frequency bands below or equal to 6 GHz.
SUL supplementary uplink
SU-MIMO single-user MIMO
S frame A Supervising frame in High-Level Data Link Control (HDLC)

frames used for error control and traffic control. An S frame is
identified by both the first and second bits of the Control field
that are a binary number 10.
T1 A North American standard for high-speed data transmission at

1.544 Mbit/s. It provides 24 x 64 kbit/s channels.

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TA timing advance
TAC tracking area code
TAI tracking area identity
TAL tracking area list
TC transparent clock
A device that supports the mechanism of link delay measurement
of the IEEE 1588v2 clock.
TC transmission convergence
TCH traffic channel

A channel that carries voice coding information or user data.
Traffic channels are classified into voice traffic channels and data
traffic channels.
TCP Transmission Control Protocol

The protocol within TCP/IP that governs the breakup of data
messages into packets to be sent using Internet Protocol (IP), and
the reassembly and verification of the complete messages from
packets received by IP. TCP is a connection-oriented, reliable
protocol (reliable in the sense of ensuring error-free delivery). TCP
corresponds to the transport layer in the ISO/OSI reference model.
TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol
TDD time division duplex

A system where the uplink and downlink links use different
timeslots. They usually share the same frequency.
TDMA time division multiple access

A channel access method for shared medium networks. It allows
several users to share the same frequency channel by dividing the
signal into different timeslots.
TDM time division multiplexing

A multiplexing technology. TDM divides the sampling cycle of a
channel into timeslots (TSn, n is equal to 0, 1, 2, 3...), and the
sampling value codes of multiple signals engross timeslots in a
certain order, forming multiple multiplexing digital signals to be
transmitted over one channel.
TD-SCDMA Time Division-Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access

A 3G mobile communications standard. TD-SCDMA integrates
technologies of CDMA, TDMA, and FDMA, and makes use of
technologies including intelligent antenna and joint detection,
which greatly enhance the transmission capacity. With the
flexibility of service processing, a TD-SCDMA network can connect
to other networks through the RNC.
TLS Transport Layer Security

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TMA tower-mounted amplifier

A low-noise amplifier installed close to the antenna, for example,
on a tower. It amplifies weak signals from the antenna, thus
improving system coverage, enhancing receiver sensitivity and
reducing the transmit power of the UE.
TNLA Transport Network Layer Association
TOD time of day
Token token bucket

Bucket A popular means to measure traffic. It is used in the committed
access rate (CAR) and traffic shaping technologies to control the
traffic rate. A token bucket can be considered as a container that
stores tokens, the number of which is set in advance. The system
puts tokens to the bucket at the rate set by a user. The quantity of
the packet must equal that of the tokens to ensure successful
packet forward. The packets at the interface are forwarded only
when there are enough tokens in the bucket.
TOS type of service
TPC transmit power control

A technical mechanism used within some networking devices in
order to prevent too much unwanted interference between
different wireless networks.
TRS tracking reference signal
TRU transmit receive unit
TSC training sequence code

A type of code that is used mainly in TDMA systems to maintain
timing and equalize the channel. This helps reduce the impact of
intersymbol interference (ISI) and multipath effects.
TTI transmission time interval
UBBP universal baseband processing unit
UCI uplink control information
UCN user-centered network
UCNC User Centric No Cell Radio Access
UDT user data transfer

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UDP User Datagram Protocol

A standard TCP/IP protocol that allows the application program of
devices at one end to send datagrams to the application program
at the other end. The UDP uses IP protocols to send datagrams,
transmitting unreliable and connectionless data packets.
Therefore, UDP messages may be discarded, duplicated, delayed,
or disordered during transmission. UDP transmits packets in best-
effort mode. In this mode, the destination end does not
proactively check whether correct packets have been received.
UE user equipment
UMPT universal main processing and transmission unit
UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System

A 3G mobile technology that delivers broadband information at
speeds up to 2 Mbit/s. Besides voice and data, UMTS delivers
audio and video to wireless devices anywhere in the world
through fixed, wireless, and satellite systems.
UNI User-to-Network Interface

The interface between user equipment and private or public
network equipment (for example, ATM switches).
UP user plane
A set of traffic forwarding components that implements
PDCP/RLC/MAC/PHY protocol processing and radio resource
management and scheduling.
UPF user plane function

A core network function of the 5GC. UPF is logically
interconnected with the gNodeB through the NG3 interface.
UPGW User Plane Gateway
URLLC ultra-reliable low-latency communication
USB Universal Serial Bus

A serial bus standard to interface devices. It was initially designed
for computers such as PCs and the Apple Macintosh, but its
popularity has prompted it to also become commonplace on
video game consoles and personal digital assistants (PDAs).
USCU universal satellite card and clock unit
UTC Coordinated Universal Time

A globally used scientific timekeeping standard. It is based upon
carefully maintained atomic clocks and is kept accurate to within
microseconds worldwide.
UTRAN universal terrestrial radio access network

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VCI virtual channel identifier
VCL virtual channel link
VLAN virtual local area network

A logical end-to-end network that is constructed using network
management software across different subnets or networks.
Network resources and users are logically divided based on a
certain principle and a physical LAN is logically divided into
multiple broadcasting domains (VLANs). The hosts in a VLAN can
directly communicate with each other whereas different VLANs
cannot. This efficiently suppresses broadcasting packets.
VoLTE voice over Long Term Evolution
VPI virtual path identifier

The field in the Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) IE header
that identifies to which virtual path the IE belongs.
VRF virtual routing and forwarding
VRRP Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol

A protocol designed for multicast or broadcast LANs such as an
Ethernet. The VRRP is used to integrate a group of routers
(including one master router and one or more backup routers) on
a local area network into a virtual router. This group of routers is
called a backup group. The virtual router has an IP address, and
the hosts on the network communicate with other networks
through the virtual router. If the master router fails, a backup
router in the backup group becomes the new master group and
provides routing services for the hosts on the network.
VSWR voltage standing wave ratio
WAN wide area network
WCDMA Wideband Code Division Multiple Access

A standard defined by the ITU-T for the third-generation wireless
technology derived from the CDMA technology.
Web LMT web local maintenance terminal

A local maintenance terminal, consisting of the Web LMT server
and Web LMT client, used to run MML commands and perform
batch operations. The Web LMT server, embedded in the host,
provides the HTTP services. Users can log in to the Web LMT
server using Internet Explorer (IE). Data is transferred through
HTTP protocol between the IE and the Web LMT server. Users can
load the Web LMT client from the Web LMT server to a local PC
using IE. The Web LMT server sets up connection with the PGW
by using TCP and exchanges data with the PGW by using MML.

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WFQ weighted fair queuing

A fair queue scheduling algorithm based on bandwidth allocation
weights. With WFQ, the bandwidth is allocated to each queue
based on their weight factors and each queue is cyclically
scheduled. In this way, packets in all queues can be scheduled
each time.
WiMAX Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access

A wireless metropolitan area network (MAN) access technology
based on the IEEE802.16 standard. It uses the microwave and
mmWave bands, and has a coverage of dozens of kilometers.
WLAN wireless local area network
WRR weighted round robin
X2AP X2 Application Protocol
XnAP Xn Application Protocol
Y.1731 The OAM protocol introduced by the ITU-T. Besides the contents
defined by IEEE802.1ag, ITU-T Recommendation Y.173 also defines
the following combined OAM messages: Alarm Indication Signal
(AIS), Remote Defect Indication (RDI), Locked Signal (LCK), Test
Signal, Automatic Protection Switching (APS), Maintenance
Communication Channel (MCC), Experimental (EXP), and Vendor
Specific (VSP) for fault management and performance
monitoring, such as frame loss measurement (LM), and delay
measurement (DM).
Text
northbound A user account that the NMS uses for login to the EMS server.
user
backup A periodic operation performed on data stored in a database for

the purposes of recovering the data if the database fails. Backup
also refers to data synchronization between active and standby
boards.
backplane An electronic circuit board containing circuits and sockets into

which additional electronic devices on other circuit boards or
cards can be plugged.
Local A kind of file system backup methodology that creates copies

backup (snapshots) for the file system.
certificate Downloading of certificates to NEs by running the configuration

deployment commands sent by the EMS.
reference A stable and high-precision autonomous clock that provides

clock frequencies as a reference for other clocks.

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plug-in A frame where circuit cards for microwave transmission are

frame plugged and played.
timeout The time the server waits, when a command cannot be

interval successfully completed, before canceling the command. It is used
for process control.
bearer An information transmission path with defined capacity, delay and

bit error rate.
bearer A network used to carry the messages of a transport-layer

network protocol between physical devices.
collision A condition in which two packets are being transmitted over a

medium at the same time. Their interference makes both packets
unintelligible.
transmissio The period from the time when a site starts to transmit a data
n delay frame to the time when the site finishes the data frame
transmission. It consists of the transmission latency and the
equipment forwarding latency.
error code Numbered messages that correspond to faults in a specific

software application, which can be caused by faulty hardware,
software, or incorrect user input. Some of the most common error
codes visible to users are the "Blue Screen of Death" codes
provided by the Microsoft Windows operating system.
unicast The process of sending data from a source to a single recipient.
packet loss The discarding of data packets in a network when a device is

overloaded and cannot accept any incoming data at a given
moment.
jitter The short-term, non-cumulative deviation of a digital signal from

an ideal position at an effective moment.
back A traffic control method. When detecting that the transmit end
pressure transmits a large volume of traffic, the receive end sends signals
to ask the transmit end to lower the transmission rate.
firewall A collection of components configured between different

networks or security zones. It monitors, restricts, and modifies
data flows passing through firewalls to shield information,
structure, and running status of internal networks, protecting
network security.
diversity The performance gain obtained by reducing the fading amplitude

gain (the variance of SNR). The fading amplitude is reduced by
combining signals from different antennas on which the deep
fading of the signals are unrelated.

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encapsulati A technology for layered protocols, in which a lower-level protocol

on accepts a message from a higher-level protocol and places it in
the data portion of the lower-level frame. Protocol A's packets
have complete header information, and are carried by protocol B
as data. Packets that encapsulate protocol A have a B header, an
A header, followed by the information that protocol A is carrying.
Note that A could equal to B, as in IP inside IP.
multiplexin A procedure by which multiple lower order path layer signals are
g adapted into a higher order path or the multiple higher order
path layer signals are adapted into a multiplex section.
alarm A message reported when a fault is detected by a device or the

network system during the device polling process. Each alarm
corresponds to a clear alarm. After a clear alarm is received, the
status of the corresponding alarm changes to cleared.
alarm A mechanism to indicate the alarm status of equipment. On the

indication cabinet of an NE, four differently-colored indicators specify the
current status of the NE. When the green indicator is on, the NE is
powered on. When the red indicator is on, a critical alarm has
been generated. When the orange indicator is on, a major alarm
has been generated. When the yellow indicator is on, a minor
alarm has been generated. The ALM alarm indicator on the front
panel of a board indicates the current status of the board.
power A process that adjusts the transmit power of gNodeBs or UEs to

control compensate for path loss and shadow fading, counteracting the
interference between 5G intra-frequency cells, and helping meet
coverage and capacity requirements.
co- A transmission mode in which different RATs connect to the

transmissio transport network through a common transmission port by
n sharing the transmission resources.
co-module A technology based on which one RF module supports multiple

RATs through software configuration by using the software-
defined radio (SDR) technique.
broadcast A means of delivering packets to all members in a network. The

broadcast range is determined by the broadcast address.
broadcast A network address in computer networking that allows

address information to be sent to all nodes on a network, rather than to a
specific network host.
broadcast A message sent to a specified type of systems.

message
broadcast A group of network stations that receives broadcast packets

domain originating from any device within the group. The broadcast
domain also refers to the set of ports between which a device
forwards a multicast, broadcast, or unknown destination frame.

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sliding Characteristics of protocols that allow a sender to transmit more

window than one packet of data before receiving an acknowledgement.
After receiving an acknowledgement for the first packet sent, the
sender "slides" the packet window and sends another. The
number of outstanding packets or bytes is known as the window
size. The throughput can be improved by increasing the window
size.
traffic An activity of measuring and collecting statistics of various data

statistics on devices and telecommunications networks. With the statistics,
operators can be aware of the operating status, signaling, users,
system resource usage of the devices or networks. The statistics
also help the operators manage the device operating, locate
problems, monitor and maintain the networks, and plan the
networks.
loopback A test in which the terminal transmits audio or video data on a

test channel to simulate the actual application and test whether the
output is satisfactory. A user can perform a local loopback test to
check the local network connection or a remote loopback test to
check the remote network connection.
ring A network topology in which each node connects to exactly two

network other nodes, forming a circular pathway for signals.
session A logical connection used to identify customer requests and

responses. A server can identify requests from the same customer
by session.
cabinet A free-standing and self-supporting enclosure for housing

electrical and/or electronic equipment. It is usually fitted with
doors and/or side panels which may or may not be removable.
subrack A physical entity that consists of a half-rack, backplane, cooling

devices, power supply devices, and shelf management modules.
baseband A form of modulation in which the information is applied directly

onto the physical transmission medium.
level An element in the dimension hierarchy structure. Levels describe

the hierarchy of data from the top layer (most inclusive) to the
bottom layer (most detailed). Each dimension contains levels
according to the attributes of the data. For example, a time
dimension contains four levels: year, quarter, month, and date.
polarization A kind of electromagnetic wave, the direction of whose electric

field vector is fixed or rotates regularly. If the electric field vector
direction is vertical to the water level, it is a vertically polarized
electromagnetic wave. If the electric field vector direction is
parallel to the water level, it is a horizontally polarized
electromagnetic wave. If the tip of the electric field vector, at a
fixed point in space, describes a circle, this electromagnetic wave
is called circularly polarized wave.

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cluster A computer technology that integrates a set of loosely connected

servers to work together so that in many respects they can be
viewed as a single system. A cluster is used to improve the
stability, reliability, data processing capability, or service capability.
For example, a cluster is used to reduce single point of failures,
share storage resources, provide load balancing, or improve
system performance.
relay An electronic control device that has a control system and a

system to be controlled. The relay of the telepresence system is
used to control the power of telepresence equipment and is
controlled by the telepresence host.
encryption A function used to transform data so as to hide its information

content to prevent its unauthorized use.
loading A process of importing information from the storage device to the

memory to facilitate processing (when the information is data) or
execution (when the information is program).
demodulati The means by which a modem converts data from modulated

on carrier frequencies (waves that have been modified in such a way
that variations in amplitude and frequency represent meaningful
information) over a telephone line. Data is converted to the
digital form needed by a computer to which the modem is
attached, with as little distortion as possible.
static route A route that cannot adapt to the change of network topology.
Operators must configure it manually. A network that is simple in
structure can function properly only using static routes. Proper
configuration and usage of static routes improves the network
performance and helps ensure the bandwidth requirement of
important applications. The disadvantage of static route is that it
does not change automatically when a network is faulty or the
topology changes, and operators must configure it manually.
air The interface between the cellular phone set or wireless modem
interface (usually portable or mobile) and the base station.
link A website URL address which can be shared in emails or on

websites or forums to be opened with browsers to visit related
resources.
link A "topology component" that provides transport capabilities for

two endpoints in different subnets through fixed resources (such
as fixed routing).
streaming Media continuously stream over the network. Combining

media technologies concerning streaming media data collection,
compression, encoding, storage, transmission, playback, and
network communications, streaming media can provide high-
quality playback effects in real time at low bandwidth.

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path loss A loss that occurs when RF waves are transmitted through the air.
This loss occurs due to atmospheric influences and interaction
with objects, which can have a filtering effect on the signal.
route The path that network traffic takes from its source to its
destination. Routes can change dynamically.
routing A formula used by routers to determine the appropriate path onto

protocol which data should be forwarded.
pulse A variation above or below a normal level and a given duration in

electrical energy.
roaming A user leaves the ownership place and manages document

permissions by connecting to the Document Security
Management (DSM) server of the non-ownership place.
destination An information mapping table that stores information such as the

route destination address, match length of the destination address, and
message type. It is the information source for routers to route
messages based on the matched destination address.
spectral A measure of the performance of encoding methods that code

efficiency information as variations in an analog signal. Any such encoding
will occupy an amount of bandwidth, and within that bandwidth
it is capable of transmitting bits at a certain rate. The number of
bits per second that can be transmitted per hertz of bandwidth
defines the spectral efficiency of the encoding method.
ping-pong A handover that occurs when the UE is handed over back and
handover forth between two cells because of the changes in signal quality
or the improper settings of parameters.
error The ability of a system or component to continue normal

tolerance operation despite the presence of erroneous inputs.
upstream The direction that is far from the subscriber end of the link in an
access network.
device The status of a device which can be classified into available and
status unavailable. If the device usage of a real queue exceeds the device
usage threshold (%), the real queue becomes unavailable. The
virtual queue device status is determined by its associated shared
device. If the shared device usage reaches 100%, the shared
device becomes unavailable and the mapping virtual queue also
becomes unavailable.
decimal A representation of a fraction or other real number using the base

notation ten and consisting of any of the digits 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9,
and a decimal point.
clock A process of synchronizing clocks, in which the signal frequency

synchroniza traces the reference frequency, but the start points do not need to
tion be consistent.

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clock A device that provides standard time for the NTP configuration.
source
attribute Properties and features of an object. It varies with the object and
changes over time.
digital A method that controls the changes in amplitude, phase, and

modulation frequency of the carrier based on the changes in the baseband
digital signal. In this manner, the information can be transmitted
by the carrier.
digital A signal in which information is represented by a limited number

signal of discrete states, such as telegraph signal, data signal and
telemetry instructions. The name of the digital signal derives from
the discrete values that are used to represent the quantized signal
samples. In the pulse code modulation (PCM) technology, the 8
kHz sampling frequency (the frame length or sampling period is
125 us) is used and a byte contains 8 bits in length. Therefore, a
digital signal is also referred to as a byte-based code stream. With
simple structures and broad bandwidth, digital signals are easy to
shape or regenerate, and are not easily affected by external
interference.
attenuation Reduction of signal magnitude or signal loss, usually expressed in

dB.
dual A network topology where devices are connected through two

homing independent access points. One point is the primary connection
and the other a standby connection. The standby connection is
activated in the event of a failure of the primary connection.
dual- An antenna intended to simultaneously radiate or receive two

polarized independent radio waves orthogonally polarized.
antenna
private key A key pair, which needs to be used together with a public key. The
certificate private key file is used to decrypt the information encrypted by
the public key.
tunnel A channel on the packet switching network that transmits service

traffic between physical entities (PEs). In VPN, a tunnel is an
information transmission channel between two entities. The
tunnel ensures secure and transparent transmission of VPN
information. In most cases, a tunnel is an MPLS tunnel.
emergency The Service Manager allows unauthorized terminal hosts to

channel access network resources in the post-authentication domain. The
emergency channel is enabled only when serious faults occur in
the Service Controller, so that network communications remain
normal during such faults. The emergency channel automatically
disables itself after faults are rectified.
schedule A process for organizing computation tasks into a new task

queue. Tasks will be executed in the order they appear in the new
queue.

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throughput The maximum transmission rate that a measured object can reach
without packet loss. The object may be a system, a piece of
equipment, a connection, or a type of service. Throughput can be
measured by bandwidth.
topology A configuration or layout of a network formed by the connections

between devices on one or more local area networks (LANs).
topology A basic component for the man-machine interface. The topology

view view directly displays the networking of a network as well as the
alarm and communication status of each network element and
subnet. The topology view reflects the basic running conditions of
the network.
external An external network of a data center, for example, the Internet or

network existing private network of an enterprise. A data center network
must be able to communicate with external networks.
network Part of a network on which all message traffic is common to all

segment nodes; that is, a message broadcast from one node on the
segment is received by all other nodes on the segment.
gateway IP IP address of the gateway. A gateway is a node that forwards

address packets between networks. Packets are sent to the gateway when
the destination network address resides in a different network to
the sender.
network Layer 3 of the seven-layer OSI model of computer networking.

layer The network layer provides routing and addressing so that two
terminal systems are interconnected. In addition, the network
layer provides congestion control and traffic control. In the TCP/IP
protocol suite, the functions of the network layer are specified
and implemented by IP protocols. Therefore, the network layer is
also called IP layer.
network An NS consists of multiple virtualized network functions (VNFs),

service network links, and physical network functions in a network
functions virtualization (NFV) system.
NE ID An ID that indicates a managed device in the network. In the

network, each NE has a unique NE ID.
satellite A communication method that uses the satellite for

transmissio communication
n
5-tuple The five pieces of data found within all IP-based network packets:
source IP address, source port, destination IP address, destination
port, and protocol.
physical Layer 1 in the OSI architecture. This layer provides services to

layer transmit bits or groups of bits over a transmission link between
open systems. The services include electrical, mechanical, and
handshaking services.

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physical The link between two physical NEs. When the user creates NEs or
link refreshes the device status, the system automatically creates the
physical link according to the topology structure information on
the device. The remark information of a physical link can be
modified, but the physical link cannot be deleted.
physical A network of physical machines (plus cabling, switches, routers,

network and so on) that are connected so that they can send data to and
receive data from each other. See also virtual network.
physical NE The communication equipment that is physically connected to

and managed by the management system.
bit error An incompatibility between a bit in a transmitted digital signal

and the corresponding bit in the received digital signal.
system Backup of the operating system of the server, which is used to

data restore the original operating system.
backup
downlink The direction of transmission toward the user-side link endpoint

on an access network.
download An act of obtaining data from an upper-layer device or the server.
correlation The similarities when two random processes vary with time.
phase The relative position in time within a single period of a signal.
message A descriptor that identifies the function of a message. Stimulus

type call control has one message type (information). The functional
call control has several message types concerning call connection,
call disconnection, and call status.
cell A radio coverage area identified by a base transceiver station

identity code (BSIC) or a cell global identification (CGI). When an
omnidirectional antenna is used, a cell is equivalent to the base
station coverage area.
channel A telecommunication path of a specific capacity and/or speed

between two or more locations in a network. The channel can be
established through wire, radio (microwave), fiber, or any
combination of the three. The amount of information transmitted
per second in a channel is the information transmission speed,
expressed in bits per second. For example, b/s (100 bit/s), kb/s
(103 bit/s), Mb/s (106 bit/s), Gb/s (109 bit/s), and Tb/s (1012
bit/s).
signaling A data network that is independent of the telecom network and is

network used to transmit signaling messages as a supporting network.
Signaling points (SPs), signaling transfer points (STPs), and
signaling links are the basic functional elements of a signaling
network.

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information Preservation of confidentiality, integrity and availability of

security information; in addition, other properties such as authenticity,
accountability, non-repudiation and reliability can also be
involved.
star A topology in which all stations are connected to a central switch.

topology Two stations communicate through circuit switching.
virtualizatio Virtualization is a technology with which you can virtualize a

n computer into multiple logic computers. Multiple logic computers
can work on a computer. The operating systems running on these
logic computers can be different, and the applications running on
these operating systems work independently. Therefore, the
working efficiency of the computer is significantly improved.
Software virtualization redefines IT resources to implement
dynamic allocation, flexible scheduling, and cross-domain sharing
of IT resources. This improves IT resource usage, enables IT
resources to become social infrastructure, and serves flexible
application requirements in various industries.
virtual A virtual tunnel can group data flows by dividing all data flows
tunnel into multiple virtual tunnels according to certain conditions, and
managing the virtual tunnels as independent links. The conditions
for grouping data flows include the IP quintuple, ToS/DSCP, VLAN,
MPLS, and link. Meanwhile, the data flows of a group of users can
be classified into virtual tunnels. Users can be grouped according
to the user area and dynamic attribute.
permission The access rights to view or perform certain services or actions

within the system.
license A permission that the vendor provides for the user with a specific
function, capacity, and duration of a product. A license can be a
file or a serial number. Usually the license consists of encrypted
codes. The operation authority granted varies with the level of the
license.
verification A figure containing randomly generated numbers and letters that

code need to be entered for verification upon the user login to prevent
brute force attack. This avoids violent cracking and malicious ads.
mobility The ability of the user to access one or more communication

networks from any place, initiating and receiving calls. The fees of
all the different services are recorded on the bill of a single user.
The media through which the user connects to the networks vary
according to the user's demands. The connections can be achieved
through analog line, digital line, wireless communications, and
satellite communications. In addition, the user can initiate calls on
any terminal according to the user service detail table and receive
calls on the terminal at the locations where the user is currently
located or forward the calls to another location. The billing is
based on personal communications service (PCS) user instead of
the terminal.

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Ethernet A LAN technology that uses the CSMA/CD method. The speed of
an Ethernet interface can be 10 Mbit/s, 100 Mbit/s, 1000 Mbit/s,
or 10000 Mbit/s. The Ethernet network is highly reliable and easy
to maintain.
answer A process in which the call center platform connects a call that is
distributed to an agent. Answer includes automatic answer and
manual answer. Automatic answer means that the call center
platform automatically connects a call. Manual answer means
that a login agent clicks the answer button to connect a call.
MAC A link layer address or physical address. It is six bytes long. It is

address also called physical address.
congestion Extra intra-network or inter-network traffic resulting in decreased

network service efficiency.
user data Data that a user creates and manages in the course of using the
app.
user The information transferred across the functional interface

information between a source user and a telecommunications system for
delivery to a destination user.
user group A group of sub-users who share the same responsibilities. Carriers
can group users based on their characteristics and thereby control
users' experience by group. Different user groups allow
subscribers to have varied experiences.
source An information mapping table that stores information such as the

route source address, match length of the source address, account used
to deliver messages, and remarks about routing information. It is
the information source for routers to route messages and deliver
accounts according to the matched destination address.
remote A process of accessing the network resources from another

access network or a terminal that is not permanently connected to the
accessed network.
carrier An organization that has telecom network resources and can

provide communications service.
carrier A waveform (usually sinusoidal) that is modulated to represent

the information to be transmitted. The frequency of this carrier is
usually much higher than that of the modulating signal.
regeneratio The process of receiving and reconstructing a digital signal so that

n the amplitudes, waveforms and timing of its signal elements are
constrained within specified limits.
narrowban Communication services that transmit over TDM timeslot. The

d PSTN is normally a narrowband network. A communication
channel whose transmission rate is lower than 2 Mbit/s is usually
considered to be narrowband.
site A group of servers at the same physical location.

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account An account is used to store values in the mobile payment system.

It can be assigned to the user.
array gain A power gain achieved by combining signals from different

antennas based on the correlation between signals and the non-
correlation between noises. Signal combining increases the SINR
of the combined signal.
certificate The certificate, also called the digital certificate, establishes the
association between the user identity and user public key. The
certificate is issued by the third-party authority, and provides
identity authentication for the communications parties.
certificate The identity of a public key certificate should be authenticated by

chain the CA of the upper level. The process for authenticating a public
key becomes an iterative process. As a result, a certificate chain is
formed, which ends at the root certificate.
indicator Description of a performance feature collected from the managed

devices by the performance collector.
terminal A device that converts voice, sound, text, image, table, data and
video from physical display to electronic signals or the other way
around. A terminal generates and sends signals (such as
telecommunications circuit setup or release) that maintain the
normal running state of the telecommunications network, and it
receives the call signals of telecommunications switch and
transmission.
end system A network entity that sends and receives packets in Intermediate
System to Intermediate System (IS-IS).
end user The party who is the ultimate initiator or recipient of calls. The
end user can be a human being or a device.
active/ A backup mechanism in which the same two systems are

standby deployed to improve the reliability.
backup
active/ A troubleshooting technology. When an active device becomes

standby faulty, services and control functions are automatically switched
switchover over to the standby device to ensure the normal running of the
services and functions.
master- A mode in which a designated master clock disseminates its

slave frequency reference to all other slave clocks.
synchroniza
tion
active A working mode of EFM OAM. The discovery and remote

mode loopback can only be initiated by the interface in the active mode.

(2020-01-15)
5G RAN
Glossary 1 Glossary
master A server that runs the core process in a distributed system. The
server master server manages backups, archives, and restores. The
master server is responsible for media and device selection for
NetBackup. Typically, the master server contains the NetBackup
catalog. The catalog contains the internal databases that contain
information about NetBackup backups and configuration.
host A physical server that runs virtual software. VMs can be created
on a host.
host name A fully qualified domain name (FQDN) of a functional entity,

which is used for routing. It is planned by carriers uniformly.
calling The node that initiates a call.

party
subnet A type of smaller networks that form a larger network according

to a rule, for example, according to different districts. This
facilitates the management of the large network. In a topology
view, these smaller networks are called subnets.
subnet A binary pattern that is stored in the device and is matched with
mask the IP address. A subnet mask is used by the IP protocol to
determine to which network segment packets are destined.
automatic A periodic operation of storing data by the system.

backup
automatic When detecting a disaster on the production machine (PM), the

DR General Disaster Recovery (GDR) software determines whether to
switchover perform a disaster recovery (DR) switchover according to the DR
switchover policy and the importance of the PM where the
disaster occurs. When the DR system meets the DR switchover
requirement, the GDR software starts the automatic DR
switchover process. Then the RM takes over the services of the
PM.
free-run An operating condition of a clock, the output signal of which is

mode strongly influenced by the oscillating element and not controlled
by servo phase-locking techniques. In this mode the clock has
never had a network reference input, or the clock has lost
external reference and has no access to stored data, that could be
acquired from a previously connected external reference. Free-run
begins when the clock output no longer reflects the influence of a
connected external reference, or transition from it. Free-run
terminates when the clock output has achieved lock to an
external reference.
character A data structure composed of a sequence of characters usually

string representing human-readable text.
multicast A process of transmitting data packets from one source to many

destinations.

(2020-01-15)
5G RAN
Glossary 1 Glossary
multicast A set of members participating in the packet multicast service.

group The multicast group is defined by a rule or set of rules which
identifies a collection of members implicitly or explicitly. This rule
may associate members for the purpose of participating in a call,
or may associate members who do not participate in data transfer
but do participate in management, security, control, and
accounting for the multicast group.

(2020-01-15)

Glossary (5G RAN3.1 - Draft A)

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Trademarks and Permissions

Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

Issue Draft A Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. i

Issue Draft A Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. ii

2G 2nd Generation, second generation mobile telecommunications

3G 3rd Generation, third generation mobile telecommunications

4G 4th Generation, fourth generation mobile telecommunications

5G 5th Generation, fifth generation mobile telecommunications

3DES Triple Data Encryption Standard

3GPP Third Generation Partnership Project

5GC 5G Core Network

Issue Draft A Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 1

5G RAN 5G radio access network

5QI 5G QoS Identifier

802.1X An access control and authentication protocol based on the client/

AAA Authentication, Authorization and Accounting

AAS adaptive antenna system

AAU active antenna unit

ABR adaptive bit rate

Issue Draft A Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2

ACC automatic congestion control

ACL Access Control List

ACL rule A rule for controlling user access rights.

ACLR adjacent channel leakage power ratio

AES Advanced Encryption Standard

AISG Antenna Interface Standards Group

ALD antenna line device

AMBR aggregate maximum bit rate

AMC adaptive modulation and coding

AMF access and mobility management function

AMR adaptive multi-rate

Issue Draft A Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 3

ANR automatic neighbor relation

ARP allocation and retention priority

ARP Address Resolution Protocol

ATR adaptive time recovery

B2H business to home

BBC battery backup cabinet

BBP baseband processing unit

BBU baseband unit

Issue Draft A Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 4

BCCH broadcast control channel

BER bit error rate

BFD Bidirectional Forwarding Detection

BLER block error rate

BSC base station controller

BSR buffer status report

BSS base station subsystem

BSSGP Base Station Subsystem GPRS Protocol

BTS base transceiver station

BVC BSSGP virtual connection

BWP bandwidth part

Issue Draft A Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 5

CCCH common control channel

CCE control channel element

CCH common transport channel

CCU cabinet control unit

CDM code division multiplexing

CDMA code division multiple access

CGI cell global identifier

CGPS CPRI Global Positioning System