THE WEB

1. The different types of activities that we can do

on internet:
-Web 1.0 or the read-only web:

It was in 1990s when internet was only a platform in which you could only read. It was
network of documents and people could not interact with the content.

-Web 2.0 or the social network:

It was developed in the XI century. In this web the information became bidirectional,
you can share photos and videos and create content.

-Web 3.0 or the semantic web:

New technologies allowed the interaction of data. Also, the development of artificial
intelligence were created and can use applications that do not used a browser to work.

2.Finding information on internet:

The most common sources of information are web pages.

2.1. Web pages:

A web pages is a collection of documents that can include text, audio, video, images
and hypertext links to other web pages. For example, the most popular webs pages
nowadays are Twitter, Instagram, Youtube, etc…

A search engine is a web page with a data base with information about other web
pages and their content.

2.2. News feeds: Rich Site Summary (RSS)

A RRS is a subscription service that provides users with frequent updates from media
websites, blogs and other sources of information.

You can subscribe with tow different forms:

-Directly from the web pages, by clicking on a “subscribe” icon.

-Through a news aggregator program.

3.Managing Information.
3.1. Social bookmarking:
It is an Internet toll that lets us organize, use an share information more efficiently.
Some of the most popular social bookmaking application are:

-Delicious:

It is a service that lets us gave our favorite web pages along with a description and a
list of key words.

-Diigo:

It is a multi-tool for knowledge management. It lets us bookmark the pages that we

visit and create a digital library in the cloud.

3.2. Working in the cloud:

Some internet services let us create, save and modify documents online. Tis is called
the cloud computing. The most popular cloud-based services are Google Drive,
Dropbox and OneDrive.

The advantages of this services are that you can access to our files from any location
and the ability to share our files easily with other people.

4. Sharing information:
Social network have revolutionised how we spread or share information.

Social Network is a virtual environment for communication, interaction and the sharing
of resources.
4.1. Horizontal social networks:
-Facebook:

This application allows groups of friends to publish both public and private messages
with text, link, news, photos and videos.

-Twitter:

This social network has some unusual features. Users publish short text messages.

-Google+:

This social network allows users to create circles of friends in order to share
information. They can share photos, videos, private messages, etc…

4.2. Vertical social networks

The users of vertical networks from communities who have similar reasons for susing
the application. These reasons, which can be personal or professional, may include:

-Sharing professional information:

Linkedin is the most popular network for all kinds of professionals.

-Sharing general information:

With FriendFeed, people can create private groups to share information about
projects, organize events and exchange photos or experiences with their friends.

-Sharing Photos:

Instagram, Flickr, Pinterest and Picassa are the most popular.

-Sharing videos:

Youtube, Dailymotion and Vimeo are the most common.

-Live Streaming:

Skype, Twitch, Livestream and Upstream.tv are often used.

5.Creating Information:
On the internet, we can quickly and easily create information about anything that we
consider interesting. This could be as simple as posting “Good Morning” on a social
network or as complex s publishing a news report.

5.1 Web pages

The first step is to plan the design and content of everything that will appear on your
web pages.

The content must be interesting and visually appealing in order to attract the maximun
number of visits.

1. Register a domain
2. Sign up with a host server
3. Design and create your web page
4. Upload your page to the server
5. Update your page regularly

Domain Names
To register a domain for your web page, you must choose a name by name that is not
already being used. Domain registration services have search engines for checking
possible names.

Host Servers
Companies such as Arsys and Nominalia host web pages by offering space on their
servers. Domain registration services may also provide hosting and web page design
companies often include both registration and hosting.

Design and creating a web pages

A website is a set of web pages under the same domain name.

Designing a web page

There are no official rules for how a web page must loo. However, you need ome basic
knowledge of design.
Title

The title that you choose is very important, since it indicates the overall topic of your
web page.

Colour combinations

Many web pages are quite difficult to read because they use a poor combination of
colours. You should remember this when you choose text and background colours for
your own web page.

A balanced layout

The most attractive web pages have a balanced layout or distribution of elements. We
can use tables to structure the information:

Inserting rows and colums, combining cells, changing the background and text format.

Hyperlinks
Hyperlinks can be added to images or texts.

There are two types of hyperlinks:

-External links take us to other websites related to the topic.

-Internal links take us to a different part of the same website.

Visual Impact
Another fundamental aspect of web page design is the effective combination, of text
formats and images.

If we want our web page to look more dynamic, we can add animated gifs, which are
images that move. We can also use dynamic text formats, which change their colour or
appearance.

Comments for users

Although you shouldn’t give any personal information on the internet, it may be
interesting to receive feedback from users who visit your page.
Page order
If you have created various pages, you an join them together with internal links. Hear
are two ways:

-Linear order: One page follows another, like the pages of a magazine.

-Hierarchical order: From the first page, we can link to any other page that we like.

Creating your web page

-HTML:

It is used for static web page design. It was the first language invented for web page
creation.

-CCS:

It is used to create the structure of a document.

-PHP:

It is a language used to create dynamic web pages.

-MySQL:

It is a database management system used for dynamic web pages.

Using a Content Management System (CMS)

We can use a CMS to create dynamic web pages.

These systems have several advantages:

a)- They are fast because they don’t required direct programing

b)- Some are free

c)- Some CMS service offer a package that includes hosting and CMS installation.

Using a web development program:

They translate your web page design into HTML language, so you do not need to know
how to program. Some examples are Kompozer, Web Creator and Adobe
Dreamweaver Professional.
Using the online hosting services that some pages offer:
This is the easiest way to create a web page.

These web creation services are quite complete and the results are very professional.
There are payware online hosting and freeware, the free versions have certain
limitations:

a)- They include advertising, which some people may find unattractive.

b)- The web address may be rather long and difficult to remember.

Uploading a web page to a server:

If you are not using an online hosting service, you will need to upload your CMS
program or your web page to the server.

You can use FTP programs to upload your web page to the server. CuteFTP is one
example.

These programs manage the transfer of web `page files from your computer’s hard
drive to a server. We call this uploading. FTP programs also work in the opposite
direction, so you can download content from a server to your computer.

5.2. Blogs
Weblogs are a special type of web page. They were originally used as online diaries for
people to share their personal experiences.

Bloggers publish entries or post in chronological order, with newer post appearing at
the top of the list.

Blogs have other characteristics which made them interesting:

a)- The same blog can be shared by various bloggers working together as a team.

b)- Blogs can include hyperlinks to photos, audios or videos.

c)- We can use blogs to make daily reports about a project and receive helpful
feedback from other people.

d)- Businesses can use blogs to improve their customer service, by quickly responding
to questions or complains about their products.
5.3. Wikis
A wiki is a collection of web pages that visitors can edit, modify or expand. In this way,
The content grows quickly with the contribution of the people working on it.

Wiki must be stored on a server. The most popular examples are Wikispaces and
PBWorks. Adding new content to a wiki is quite easy.

1. Look for an Edit button and click on it

2. Make changes to the existing content or write a new contribution.
3. Look for a Save button and click on it to save the changes.

Wikipedia
Wikipedia, which was created in 2001, is a universal encyclopedia with no restriction
on use, modification or redistribution. Anyone can contribute their knowledge to the
project.

Since it was created, Wikipedia hasgrown in popularity and becameone of the world’s
most visited websites. English is the mostly commonly used language.

6. Exchange information online

The exchange of files and software has become one of the most common online
activities. Every day, people are uploading and downloading more and more song,
videos, photos, software applications and other files.

Although many users exchange information online, we must be careful about the files
and software that we download, use our computers or redistribute to other people.
There are legal restrictions that apply to many types of digital content.

We can differentiate between the following types of software:

-Free software:
Anyone can use, modify, copy and distribute this software.

-Proprietary software:

Users need special permission or a licence to use, modify, copy or distribute this
software.

-Commercial software:

The owner distributes and sells this software for a price.

-Freeware:

This software does not cost anything. It can be copied and distributed, but it cannot be
modified.

-Public domain software:

The author makes this software available to everyone at no cost.

7. User licences
The information and software that we find online may be protected by some form of
licence.

In order to avoid problems with the exchanges of software, public licences were
created. The most common examples are the General Public Licence (GPL).

Creative Commons licences allow us to give people certain rights for using content that
we have created.