NUMERICAL METHODS AND OPTIMIZATION

Question Bank

UNIT I
ERROR & APPROXIMATION

Q.1) Explain

a) Truncation Error
b) Inherent Error
c) Round off Error
d) Percentage Relative Error

Q.2)Define Error and Explain Error Propagation concept in calculation.

Q.3) Convergence and Divergence in Newton Rapshon Method.

Q.4) measurement of length of bridge and rivet is 9999 and 9 cm resp. if the true
values are 10000 and 10 cm resp. compute a) the true error b) the true percentile
relative error for each case.
Sol-

The error for measuring the bridge

Et = 10000-9999 = 1 cm

And for the rivet is

Et = 10-9 = 1 cm

b) the percentile relative error for the bridge

et = 1/10000*100 = 0.01%

for rivet

et = 1/10*100 = 10%

Hence though true error in measurement is same, the relative error is much higher in rivet
than in bridge.
 UNIT I

Roots of Equations

Q.1) Do up to five iteration of Bi-section method determine root of equation.

f(x)= - x^3-x^2-x-1 take initial guesses are x1=1.7 & x2=1.9

Q.2) Find a root of x*log10(x)=1.2 by Newton’s Rapshon method. Assume

initial guess as x1=2. Do up to five iteration

Q.3) Find a Square root of 12 by Newton’s Rapshon method. Do up to five

iteration

Solution:

Newton's method says that x2=x1-(y1/y2)

√12 can be found by the function f(x)=x2−12

We know that 3<√12<4,

so assuming x0=3
y1= f(x)=x2−12
y2=f'(x)=2x

1st iteration:
x2=x1-(y1/y2)
=3.5
Now we iterate with x0 now being equal to 72
2nd iteration:
x2=x1-(y1/y2)
=3.54
3rd iteration:

x2=x1-(y1/y2)
=3.4648
4th iteration:

x2=x1-(y1/y2)
=3.4641≈√12
Q.4)

Q.5) Write a flowchart for Bisection Method.

Q.6) Draw the flow chart for Newton Rapshon method.

Q.7) Draw the flow chart for Successive Approximation method.

Q.8)
 UNIT II
Simultaneous Equations
Q.1) solve the following equations by using Gauss Elimination Method. Do
partial Pivoting
x+3y+5z=2
3x+2y+4z=7
2x+y+z=4

Q.2) solve the following equations by using Gauss Elimination Method. Do

partial Pivoting
y+2z=5
x+2y+4z=11
-3x+y-5z=-12
Q.3) Solve the following Simultaneous equations by Gauss Seidal Method.
4x+y+z=5
x+6y+2z=19
-x-2y-5z=10
Q.4) Solve the following Simultaneous equations by Gauss Seidal Method.
3x+8y+29z=71
83x+11y-4z=95
7x+52y+13z=104
Q.5) solve the following equations using Thomas algorithm method
x+2y=3
2x+3y+z=4
2y-z=1

Q.6) Solve following Tridigonal system with Thomas

algorithm

-T2.04
l
Tl- T2-T
+ 2.04T 2
= 40.8
3
= 0.8
-T2 + 2.04T3-T4 = 0.8
-T3 + 2.04T4 = 200.8
 UNIT III
Optimization

Q1) Using Simplex method

Maximize:
Z = 14x +20y
Subjected to condition
20x + 6y ≤ 1000
40x + 8y ≤ 500
x, y ≥ 0

Q2) Using Simplex method

Maximize:
Z = 500x +600y
Subjected to condition
x + 2y ≤ 15
3x + 2y ≤ 18
x, y ≥ 0

Q.3)

Q4) Minimize Cost: Z = 400x1 + 800x2

Subjected to
condition
6x1 + 2x2 ≥ 1 2
2x1 + 2x2 ≥ 8
4x1 +12x2 ≥ 2 4
x, y ≥ 0
(Use graphical Method only).
Q5) Maximize : Z = 2x +6y
Subjected to
condition
-x+y ≤1
2x+y ≤2
x, y ≥ 0
(Use graphical Method only).

Q6) Maximize : Z = 4x +3y

Subjected to
condition
3x+4y ≤24
8x+6y ≤48
x≤5
y≤6
x, y ≥ 0
(Use graphical Method only).

Q.7) Write a short note on the following:

i) Slack variable
ii) Artificial variable
Q.8) Write a short note on the following:
i) Simulated Anneling
ii) Genetic Algorithm
Q.9) Explain Degeneracy
A firm manufactures two products A and B. Each product is processed on two
machines Mi and M2. Product A requires 4 minutes of processing time on Mi and 8
min. on M2; product B requires 4 minutes on Mi and 4 min. on M2. The machine Mi
is available for not more than 8 hrs 20 min. while machine M2 is available for 10 hrs.
during any working day. The products A and B are sold at a profit of Rs 3 and Rs 4
respectively. Formulate the problem as a linear programming problem and find how
many products of each type should be produced by the firm each day in order to get
maximum profit.

Solution:
The given information can be tabulated as follows:
Product M1 M2

Min Min
A(x) 4 8
B(y) 4 4
Availability 500 600

Therefore, the constraints are

4x + 4y ≤ 500
8x + 4y ≤ 600
The products A and B are sold at a profit of Rs 3 and Rs 4 respectively. Therefore,
profit gained to make x Product of A type and y Product of B type is Rs 3x and Rs 4y
respectively.
Z=3x+4y
A furniture manufacturing company plans to make two products : chairs and tables.
From its available resources which consists of 400 square feet to teak wood and 450
man hours. It is known that to make a chair requires 5 square feet of wood and 10
man-hours and yields a profit of Rs 45, while each table uses 20 square feet of wood
and 25 man-hours and yields a profit of Rs 80. How many items of each product
should be produced by the company so that the profit is maximum?

Solution:
The given information can be tabulated as follows:
Wood(squar Man hours
e feet)
Chairs(x) 5 10
Tables(y) 20 25
Availability 400 450

Therefore, the constraints are

5x + 20y ≤ 400
10x + 25y≤ 450
It is known that to make a chair requires 5 square feet of wood and 10 man-hours and
yields a profit of Rs 45, while each table uses 20 square feet of wood and 25 man-
hours and yields a profit of Rs 80. Therefore, profit gained to make x chairs and y
tables is Rs 45x and Rs 80y respectively.
Z=45x+80y
A factory uses three different resources for the manufacture of two different products,
20 units of the resources A, 12 units of B and 16 units of C being available. 1 unit of
the first product requires 2, 2 and 4 units of the respective resources and 1 unit of the
second product requires 4, 2 and 0 units of respective resources. It is known that the
first product gives a profit of 2 monetary units per unit and the second 3. Formulate
the linear programming problem. How many units of each product should be
manufactured for maximizing the profit? Solve it graphically.

Solution
The given information can be tabulated as follows:
Product Resource A Resource B Resource C
First(x) 2 2 4
Second (y) 4 2 0
Availability 20 12 16

Therefore, the constraints are

2x ± 4y ≤ 20
2x ± 2y ≤ 12
4x ≤ 16
It is known that the first product gives a profit of 2 monetary units per unit and the
second 3. Therefore, profit gained from x units of first product and y units of second
product is 2x monetary units and 4y monetary units
Z=2x+4y